PIER C | PIER Journals

2022-09-29

PIER C

Vol. 124, 253-267, 2022

doi:10.2528/PIERC22073003

download: 274

Research on the Built-in Tangential and Radial Combined-Pole Permanent Magnet Hub Drive Motor for Electric Vehicles

Shilong Yan , Xueyi Zhang , Zhidong Gao , Mingjun Xu , Lei Wang , Yufeng Zhang , Wenchao Zhang and Kai Geng

In order to solve the problems of high THD (total harmonic distortion) of air-gap magnetic density, large cogging torque and low power density of permanent magnet (PM) hub motor, a built-in tangential and radial PM combined-pole hub motor is proposed in this paper. The magnetic field provided by tangential PM is the main magnetic field, and the magnetic field provided by radial PM plays an auxiliary role in regulation, which can effectively improve the air-gap magnetic density of the motor, reduce the THD of back electromotive force (EMF), and weaken the peak value of cogging torque. Based on the equivalent magnetic circuit method, this paper analyzes the magnetic circuit of the motor, deduces the leakage magnetic flux coefficient, and reduces the leakage magnetic flux by optimizing the structure of the motor. Finally, the prototype is manufactured and tested to verify the effectiveness of finite element analysis. The results show that the designed PM hub drive motor has low THD of back EMF and good sinusoidality of waveform under no-load condition, and good output performance.

Research on the Built-in Tangential and Radial Combined-pole Permanent Magnet Hub Drive Motor for Electric Vehicles

2022-09-28

PIER C

Vol. 124, 243-252, 2022

doi:10.2528/PIERC22072802

download: 292

New Dual-Passband SIW Filter with Loaded T-Slot

Mingming Gao , Min Li , Jingchang Nan and Yuan Wang

In order to effectively improve filter selectivity and out-of-band rejection level, a multi-cavity two-mode dual-passband filter operating in X-band is proposed. By designing a suitable circuit topology, the bandpasss of the filter are formed using TE₂₀₁ mode in the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity and the TE₁₀₁ mode in the half mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) cavity. In addition, incorporating a T-slot structure in the dual-mode SIW cavity can add additional transmission zeros (TZs) and improve the filter selectivity while achieving miniaturization. The center frequencies of the two passbands are 8.67 GHz and 11.52 GHz, respectively. The inter-band isolation is better than 65 dB with three transmission zeros and maximum insertion loss of 0.48 dB and 0.31 dB, respectively. The proposed filter has a compact structure, low insertion loss, high-frequency selectivity, and the measured results agree with the simulated ones.

New Dual-passband SIW Filter with Loaded T-slot

2022-09-28

PIER C

Vol. 124, 227-242, 2022

doi:10.2528/PIERC22071105

download: 316

Design Improvements in Double-Stator Axial Flux Switched Reluctance Motor for Smoother Torque Profile

Kalpana Chaudhary , Manoj Pokhriyal and Ayushi Chaudhary

High torque and power generating capability of double-stator axial flux switched reluctance motor (DSAFSRM) makes it superior to conventional and segmented rotor switched reluctance motors. Despite its significant feature, the ripple in developed torque still limits the usefulness of DSAFSRM for widespread industrial application. This paper proposes anj 8/6/8 pole DSAFSRM with modification in rotor pole shape to reduce torque ripples in respective model. The respective phase windings of the upper and lower stators are excited externally by preparing the circuit in Maxwell software. Each rotor tooth is constructed with two types of slots with different levels of air gap to change the inductance profile. Firstly, the design of a conventional DSAFSRM has been presented; thereafter, some geometric modifications in the rotor tooth have been suggested and investigated to obtain a lower torque ripple at 1200 rpm in proposed DSAFSRM. The efficacy of the proposed motor is investigated through finite element method (FEM) based analysis and also by comparative analysis with other types of switched reluctance motors. It can be inferred from the simulation results that the torque ripple is significantly reduced by 111.16% in the proposed DSAFSRM compared to the conventional DSAFSRM. However, the efficiency of the proposed DSAFSRM (73.87%) is slightly less than the conventional DSAFSRM (74.65%).

2022-09-28

PIER C

Vol. 124, 211-225, 2022

doi:10.2528/PIERC22081705

download: 247

A Fast Prediction Method for the Radio Propagation Under the Obstacle Environment

Ceyi Ma , Yinghong Wen , Jinbao Zhang and Dan Zhang

To rapidly simulate the forward electromagnetic scattering of multiple obstacles, we propose a new forward scattering prediction model, which can effectively simulate the propagation of electromagnetic waves in a large-scale environment, accurately calculate the scattering of multi-scale structures, and realize multi-region parallel computation. Specifically, the proposed model consists of an obstacle region and a large-scale environment region. To make the model consistent with the real scene quickly and accurately, the time-domain parabolic equation (TDPE) and the discontinuous Galerkin time-domain (DGTD) method are employed to simulate the propagation of electromagnetic waves and the scattering of obstacles, respectively. At the same time, each region is equivalent to a linear time-invariant (LTI) system, and the transfer function of each system is calculated by the discrete Laplace Z-transform to realize multi-region parallel computation. This model can simulate the propagation of the electromagnetic wave in multiple obstacles more quickly under large-scale background than the existing obstacle forward scattering model. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed model is effective in terms of accuracy and runtime performance.

A Fast Prediction Method for the Radio Propagation under the Obstacle Environment

2022-09-25

PIER C

Vol. 124, 197-209, 2022

doi:10.2528/PIERC22081005

download: 262

Deep-Learning Linear Sampling Method for Shape Restoration of Multilayered Scatterers

Yu-Hsin Kuo and Jean-Fu Kiang

A deep learning linear sampling method (DLSM), composed of linear sampling method (LSM) and a convolutional neural network (CNN) of U-Net, is proposed to restore shape of multilayered scatterers with cylindrical or rectangular cross section. Simulations over random samples with different geometrical parameters are used to verify the efficacy of the proposed method.

Deep-learning Linear Sampling Method for Shape Restoration of Multilayered Scatterers

2022-09-23

PIER C

Vol. 124, 179-196, 2022

doi:10.2528/PIERC22062402

download: 277

A Preference Multi-Objective Optimization Method for Asymmetric External Rotor Switched Reluctance Motor

Chaozhi Huang , Hongwei Yuan , Yuliang Wu , Yongmin Geng and Wensheng Cao

To improve the performance (low torque ripple, high average torque and high efficiency) of the external rotor switched reluctance motor (ERSRM), a preference multi-objective optimization framework for design and control of an ERSRM based on CD-NSGA-II (Chi-square distance fast non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm) with gradient targets is investigated. Firstly, the structure of the ERSRM is introduced, and the comprehensive sensitive analysis that evaluates the influence of each design variable on optimization objectives is presented. Secondly, the initialization of population, cross-mutation method and sorting method of conventional NSGA-II are improved. Then, the practicability of this method was proved by standard test functions. Finally, the NSGA-II and CD-NSGA2-II are combined with the visual basic script (VBS) script to optimize the ERSRM, respectively. Finite-element analysis results confirmed the validity and superiority of the optimized design.

A Preference Multi-objective Optimization Method for Asymmetric External Rotor Switched Reluctance Motor

2022-09-22

PIER C

Vol. 124, 167-177, 2022

doi:10.2528/PIERC22072603

download: 282

Sensitivity Estimation of a Planar Optical Waveguide Using Broadband Difference Interferometeric Principle for Detection of Hemoglobin Concentration in Blood

Abhishek Upadhyay , Chandan Singh Yadav , Gulab Chand Yadav , Shishu Pal Singh and Vivek Singh

Broadband differences interferometeric analysis of a three-layer planar polymer optical waveguide is proposed and optimized to detect the concentration of hemoglobin in blood. The dispersion characteristic and cutoff film thickness of proposed waveguide are obtained by matching the field at various boundaries. The obtained cutoff film thickness for TE₀ and TM₀ modes is 0.09 µm, 0.1 µm at operating wavelength 400 nm, and 0.19 µm and 0.23 µm at operating wavelength 800 nm, respectively. The effective refractive indices of TE₀ and TM₀ modes are obtained at two considered wavelength i.e. 400 nm and 800 nm, and hence the difference of their propagation constant is calculated. It is observed that the propagation constant of these modes decreases with the increase of wavelength. Also, the difference of propagation constant attains its maximum value at certain wavelength and decreases either side of this wavelength. The interference maxima signals at output are considered as sensing signal. The maxima of interference signals, close to the maximum value of propagation constant, are shifted sufficiently with the change in cover refractive index. The maximum sensitivity 3.8 nm/RIU is obtained in the proposed broadband differences interferometeric analysis of waveguide at film thickness 300 nm. Hence, at this film thickness the sensing signal changes by 0.68 nm/g/L of hemoglobin concentration in blood.

Sensitivity Estimation of a Planar Optical Waveguide Using Broadband Difference Interferometeric Principle for Detection of Hemoglobin Concentration in Blood

2022-09-22

PIER C

Vol. 124, 155-165, 2022

doi:10.2528/PIERC22062004

download: 241

Dual Lens Focusing System with in-Lens Polarizer for Automotive Radar Sensors

Neşem Keskin and Nurhan Türker Tokan

This article presents a circularly polarized (CP) dual lens (DL) antenna with high gain and wide axial ratio (AR) bandwidth for automotive radar applications. Proposed antenna system provides low AR and scan loss over a wide angular range. It consists of a linearly polarized (LP), wide band, aperture coupled planar feed antenna, an extended hemispherical lens and a planoconvex lens with thin parallel plates and air slabs. In-lens polarizer mounted to the flat surface of the planoconvex lens converts LP wave to CP state. Fundamental design rules to obtain CP is defined. A CP DL design in low dielectric permittivity material (ε_r=3) is introduced. It achieves simulated efficiency that varies between 75 and 82% within the 77-81 GHz automotive radar band. AR is below 2.2 dB for all scan angles up to 25˚. Realized gain at boresight radiation is 25.6 dBic at the center frequency. 0.85 dB scan loss is observed at ±30˚ scan angle. A frequency-scaled prototype has been fabricated by additive manufacturing process with fused deposition modeling, and the concept is proved by the experimental results in 22-28 GHz band.

DUAL LENS FOCUSING SYSTEM WITH IN-LENS POLARIZER FOR AUTOMOTIVE RADAR SENSORS

2022-09-21

PIER C

Vol. 124, 135-153, 2022

doi:10.2528/PIERC22080203

download: 368

Isolation Analysis of Miniaturized Metamaterial-Based MIMO Antenna for X-Band Radar Applications Using Machine Learning Model

Jyothsna Undrakonda and Ratna Kumari Upadhyayula

A novel metamaterial-based circular patch multi-input multi-output (MIMO) antenna is designed with a `C'-shaped defected ground structure for high isolation. A 4 × 4 mm² unit cell for a ring resonator has been designed and exhibited double negative material (DNG) properties from 1.0 to 2.92 GHz and 13.68 to 17.67 GHz and Mu negative material (MNG) from 4.70 to 13.67 GHz. The proposed antenna structure is designed by embedding the ring resonator-based meta-structure to a circular patch antenna and fabricated with dimensions 0.245λ₀×0.409λ₀ (15×25 mm²). The proposed antenna operating at 8.50 to 14.23 GHz for X and lower Ku bands is used in the Unmanned Arial Vehicle (UAV's) applications. The spacing between elements is 0.088λ₀ (5.4 mm) on an FR4 epoxy substrate, and the `C'-shaped structure on the back of the antenna improves the isolation of more than 24 dB in the operating band. Distance between the antenna elements plays a crucial role, and parameters affected by this are optimized by introducing machine learning. For future predictions, a linear regression model was created to optimize the parameters' linear dependencies like isolation and return loss on the distance between the antenna elements. The radiation efficiency and gain of the antenna are enhanced by 92% and 6.02 dB at 13.22 GHz, respectively. The MIMO antenna's simulated results of diversity and other parameters are in the acceptable range with the measured results used for X-band radar applications. The proposed decoupling technique is simple to understand and implement.

Isolation Analysis of Miniaturized Metamaterial-based MIMO Antenna for X-band Radar Applications Using Machine Learning Model

2022-09-21

PIER C

Vol. 124, 125-134, 2022

doi:10.2528/PIERC22080103

download: 405

Adaptive Beamforming Algorithm Based on MVDR for Smart Linear Dipole Array with Known Mutual Coupling

Noureddine Boughaba , Chouaib Chettah and Ouarda Barkat

In this paper, minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) algorithm for adaptive Beamforming is applied to a linear array under known mutual coupling among half wavelength dipole (HWD) antennas. This algorithm will minimize the signals from all interference directions while keeping the desired signal undistorted. The problem of calculating mutual coupling coefficient of the array HWD antennas formed into a matrix has been considered. The obtained results show the effectiveness of the proposed method, in which the optimum weighting of adaptive antenna arrays is accomplished by computing the weight vector that achieves maximum towards the desired signal and nulls towards interferers. Also, performance evaluation of this algorithm in terms of complexity, convergence speed, and amplitude response will be present. It is shown from the simulation results that the performance of the beamforming algorithm considering the mutual coupling effect can be improved by the proposed compensation method. We also simulate the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) with different input signal-to-interference ratio (SIR). The different results obtained are in good agreement with those of the literature.

Adaptive Beamforming Algorithm Based on MVDR for Smart Linear Dipole Array with Known Mutual Coupling

2022-09-20

PIER C

Vol. 124, 111-124, 2022

doi:10.2528/PIERC22073006

download: 397

Ringing Phenomenon-Based Circularly Polarized MIMO Antenna for Ku/k Band Communication

Aditya Kumar Singh , Amrees Pandey , Sweta Singh , Vandana Yadav and Ram Suchit Yadav

A compact size UWB circularly polarized (CP) dual-port MIMO antenna is designed for Ku/K band applications. The proposed antenna contains a revised circle-shaped slot from the radiation patch on the front-side and a stepped-feed line on the back-side of the substrate. The orthogonal position of the antenna ports allows us to produce isolation of more than 30dB and has a (-10 dB) impedance bandwidth of 68% (14.3-29.3 GHz) at two resonant frequencies 15.6 GHz and 24.7 GHz respectively. 3 dB ARBW in the operating bands is 14.6% and 6.7%, respectively. The total size of the MIMO antenna is is 0.1λ × 0.05λ × 0.003λ mm³ at a lower frequency. Diversity characteristics like ECC, DG, TARC & CCL are determined to confirm the MIMO antenna's work qualities. Ringing resonating frequencies are observed at lower operating bands and are responsible for gain degradation. The proposed antenna has excellent characteristics for satellite and NASA's Tracking Data Relay Satellite application.

Ringing Phenomenon-based Circularly Polarized MIMO Antenna for Ku/K Band Communication

2022-09-17

PIER C

Vol. 124, 97-109, 2022

doi:10.2528/PIERC22070701

download: 402

Sub-6 GHz Adjustable Broadband Radiation Pattern Microstrip Antenna for Wireless Communication System

Faouzi Rahmani , Naima Amar Touhami , Abdelmounaim Belbachir Kchairi , Mohammed Lamsalli , Nihade Taher and Mohammed Ali Ennasar

The present work demonstrates the design of a wideband 2×1 reconfigurable beam steering array for wireless communication systems. The designed antenna is powered by a microstrip line, and consisting of a two rectangular-shaped radiating elements and a rectangular planar ground. Its dimensions are the following: 0.67λ₀ x 0.53λ₀ x 0.03λ₀. It executes three reconfigurable operating states by turning on and off two PIN diodes to change the direction of the main beam, as well as a beam tilt ranging from (±30°) to (±38°). A progressive analysis in order to enhance the the antenna characteristic performances is furnished. The proposed reconfigurable antenna bandwidth is 18.18% (simulated), 18.84% (theoretical) and 19.42% (measured). The presented antenna has a maximum gain of 8.62 dB (simulated) and 8.45 dB (measured), and a higher efficiency ratio of 80% to 86% over the operating band (5 GHz-6 GHz). The designed antenna is fabricated using a low loss Rogers RT5880 substrate of 2.2 relative permittivity. The simulated, theoretical and measured results are presented and exhibit good accord, including the S₁₁ parameter and radiation patterns. In addition to the pattern reconfiguration, the obtained results are useful in order to improve the overall gain, antenna bandwidth and efficiency.

Sub-6 GHz Adjustable Broadband Radiation Pattern Microstrip Antenna for Wireless Communication System

2022-09-16

PIER C

Vol. 124, 81-96, 2022

doi:10.2528/PIERC22060206

download: 564

Development of an IR-UWB Radar System for High-Resolution through -Wall Imaging

Mohamed Saad , Abdelmadjid Maali , Mohamed Salah Azzaz , Azzedine Bouaraba and Mustapha Benssalah

Through-Wall-Imaging (TWI) radar offers considerable advantages for applications that require safety and security, such as disaster survivor rescue and tracking terrorist activities. In such situations, the use of an impulse UWB radar system is constantly increasing due to its ability to provide precise images of hidden targets in a short period of time. This paper presents a new radar system for through-wall imaging using an impulse-radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) signal. The radar system is built using a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) board, an oscilloscope, and Vivaldi antennas. The radar system transmits impulse signals, which have a monocycle shape with a 400-picosecond duration and a 4.6 GHz bandwidth. The FPGA board is used to produce impulse signals that have a short time duration in the sub-nanosecond range in order to expand the bandwidth of the generated signal and make the developed radar capable of providing high-resolution images. The FPGA-based implementation of the IR-UWB generator offers the flexibility to modify the spectrum characteristics of the generated signal. The receiver side of the radar system collects the echoes using the principle of synthetic aperture radar (SAR), and then the time-domain back-projection algorithm is applied to the radar echo to form 2D images. An indoor imaging experiment was carried out with two human targets to investigate the imaging capability of the designed IR-UWB radar. The obtained experimental results demonstrate that this radar has the potential to deliver high-resolution images of multiple human targets and identify their locations.

DEVELOPMENT OF AN IR-UWB RADAR SYSTEM FOR HIGH-RESOLUTION THROUGH-WALL IMAGING

2022-09-16

PIER C

Vol. 124, 69-79, 2022

doi:10.2528/PIERC22063002

download: 451

A Comparative Investigation on Effect of Coupling in Aperture Coupled Microstrip Antennas

Mahendra Prasad Yadav , Rajesh Kumar Singh and Kamla Prasan Ray

This paper investigates the electromagnetic coupling from various aperture shapes in aperture coupled suspended rectangular microstrip antennas. The proposed study involves various shapes of coupling aperture such as ``rectangle'', ``H'', ``bowtie'', and ``hourglass'' with a single-layer aperture coupled suspended rectangular microstrip antenna. Among the various shapes, ``hourglass'' shaped aperture yields maximum coupling leading to maximum bandwidth. For the validation aperture coupled suspended rectangular microstrip antenna with ``hourglass-shaped'' aperture is fabricated, and measurements were carried out. The measured fractional impedance bandwidth (FBW) with ``hourglass'' aperture is more than 30% at 1.06 GHz. Measured peak gain and front-to-back (F/B) ratio of aperture coupled suspended microstrip antenna with ``hourglass'' at 1.06 GHz are 8.5 dBi and greater than 11.2 dB, respectively. The influence on the antenna's performance parameters such as realized gain, impedance bandwidth, and F/B ratio due to metallic mounting surface is also investigated. The simulated and measured performances of the antenna are in agreement. The proposed investigation is very useful for various applications, when broadband antenna is mounted on a metallic body.

A COMPARATIVE INVESTIGATION ON EFFECT OF COUPLING IN APERTURE COUPLED MICROSTRIP ANTENNAS

2022-09-12

PIER C

Vol. 124, 53-68, 2022

doi:10.2528/PIERC22071106

download: 258

Finite-Aperture Microwave Bessel Beams with Vortex Twisting, Fracturing, and Dynamic Phase-Shift Control

Vladimir Borisovich Yurchenko , Mehmet Ciydem and Sencer Koc

Finite-aperture microwave vortex beams of various structures in the near-, middle-, and far-field propagation zones have been simulated. The decay of external sidelobes leading to the end of non-diffractive propagation within a fraction of the near-field zone is observed. A ring source of the vortex beams with phase-shift and frequency-sweep control of angular modes and polarization patterns through the use of patch antenna arrays of varying polarization is suggested. A new form of the beam wavefront variation with azimuthal undulation has been proposed that allows one to significantly diversify and dynamically control the beam structure. The consequences of a limited number of antenna patches in a circular array have been considered. The effects of a gradual drop of radiation power along the array and the use of multiple feed points for improving the beams have been simulated.

Finite-aperture Microwave Bessel Beams with Vortex Twisting, Fracturing, and Dynamic Phase-shift Control

2022-09-12

PIER C

Vol. 124, 43-52, 2022

doi:10.2528/PIERC22070304

download: 436

A Compact Ultra-Wide Band Printed Log-Periodic Antenna Using a Bow-Tie Structure

Massimo Donelli , Mohammedhusen Manekiya , Viviana Mulloni , Giada Marchi and Roberto Mendicino

This letter, an ultra-wideband compact printed log periodic dipole (LPD) array antenna is designed to operate between 500 MHz and 6 GHz frequencies. The proposed LPD antenna structure consists of one bow-tie dipole and 15 regular dipole elements. The bow-tie element is introduced to improve the antenna's performance at the lowest frequencies below 1 GHz and at the same time to reduce the antenna size maintaining a good performance. An experimental antenna prototype has been designed, optimized, fabricated, numerically and experimentally assessed. The obtained results are very promising, and they demonstrated that the presented antenna prototype is able to operate in the range between 500 MHz and 6 GHz with an average gain of 6 dBi and a very compact size.

A COMPACT ULTRA-WIDE BAND PRINTED LOG-PERIODIC ANTENNA USING A BOW-TIE STRUCTURE

2022-09-11

PIER C

Vol. 124, 33-42, 2022

doi:10.2528/PIERC22072102

download: 321

A Novel Method for Rapidly Solving Wideband RCS by Combining UCBFM and Compressive Sensing

Zhonggen Wang , Chenwei Li , Yufa Sun , Wenyan Nie , Pan Wang and Han Lin

While analyzing wideband electromagnetic scattering problems using ultra-wideband characteristic basis function method (UCBFM), the reconstruction of a reduced matrix and the recalculation of an impedance matrix at each frequency point cost a large amount of time. To overcome this issue, a novel method that combines UCBFM with compressive sensing (CS) is proposed in this paper to rapidly analyse the wideband RCS. The proposed method makes the ultra-wide band characteristic basis functions (UCBFs) generated at the highest frequency as the sparse basis, introduces the CS theory, randomly extracts several rows from the original matrix as the measurement matrix, utilizes the corresponding excitation vector as the measurement value, and then employs the recovery algorithm, through which the solution of target induced current can be obtained. Due to partial filling of impedance matrix and efficient recovery algorithm, the wideband RCS computation time of the object is significantly reduced using the proposed method. Furthermore, the numerical simulation results show that the computation efficiency for the target wideband RCS can be further enhanced compared with that of the stand-alone UCBFM.

A Novel Method for Rapidly Solving Wideband RCS by Combining UCBFM and Compressive Sensing

2022-09-09

PIER C

Vol. 124, 23-32, 2022

doi:10.2528/PIERC22062305

download: 263

Gain Enhanced Characteristics of Miniaturized Antenna for 5 GHz WLAN Application

Kakani Suvarna , Nallagarla Ramamurthy and Dupakuntla Vishnu Vardhan

In this article, a miniaturized pentagonal slot antenna (PSA) with a Meander Koch Defected Ground Structures (MK-DGS) and metamaterials (MTM) is proposed for 5 GHz WLAN application. Initially, a Meander Koch DGS was used to lower the resonant frequency of the basic PSA, from 13.1 GHz to 5 GHz. The proposed antenna has been 61.83% miniaturized, close to an electrically small antenna. The performance characteristics of a basic PSA using MK-DGS and MTM superstrate, which improves efficiency, directivity, and peak gain, are also discussed. An antenna with dimensions of 15 × 15 mm² (or) 0.25λ₀ × 0.25λ₀ mm² at a thickness of h1 = 1.6 mm is designed, fabricated, and tested on an FR4 epoxy substrate, and its impact on size reduction performance is evaluated. The gain at 5 GHz is increased from 3.15 to 7.84 dBi by introducing an MTM superstrate made of RT Duriod at a thickness of 1.575 mm above the miniaturized PSA at 17 mm. Test results of the prototype model are corroborated by the simulated results of the proposed model.

GAIN ENHANCED CHARACTERISTICS OF MINIATURIZED ANTENNA FOR 5 GHZ WLAN APPLICATION

2022-09-09

PIER C

Vol. 124, 11-22, 2022

doi:10.2528/PIERC22060901

download: 368

Design and Analysis of Quad-Band Notch Characteristics UWB Antenna Using SLR Circuits

Navamani Parthiban and Mohammed Mohamed Ismail

In this paper, a quad-band notch characteristics ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna for Wi-MAX, L-WLAN, U-WLAN, and C-band applications is presented. The initial UWB antenna bandwidth is achieved in the 2 to 12.5 GHz frequency band by using the partial ground method. Spiral lossy resonator (SLR) slots are loaded into the UWB ground structure to achieve quad-band notch characteristics. Each SLRS circuit is accountable for a single notch characteristic by losing EM power at the notch frequency. A quad-band notch is accomplished in this antenna for WiMAX (3.24 to 3.56 GHz), L-WLAN (4.76 to 5.34 GHz), U-WLAN (5.58 to 5.91 GHz), and C-band (7.37 to 7.71 GHz) by loading four SLR slots circuits into the UWB antenna. The proposed antenna is engraved on a Rogers RO4003C (3.55) substrate having an overall volume of 50*40*1.524 mm³. The proposed antenna's performance has been verified through simulation and experiments.

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF QUAD-BAND NOTCH CHARACTERISTICS UWB ANTENNA USING SLR CIRCUITS

2022-09-26

PIER C

Vol. 124, 1-10, 2022

doi:10.2528/PIERC22080303

download: 223

Influence of Power Frequency Magnetic Field Interference in Substation on 5G Base Station Deployment

Hai Chuan Niu , Jie-Qing Fan and Tian Hao Hou

The limited space of the substation contains a lot of electrical equipment and voltages ranging from hundreds to several thousand volts, resulting in a complex electromagnetic environment in the substation. As the deployment of 5G base stations increases in substations in China, the power-frequency magnetic field in substations will cause problems, resulting in a location problem. This paper develops a circuit model for converter stations, and presents a calculation method that considers the geomagnetic permeability, 3-phase transmission mode, and erection direction influences. The correctness of the calculation method in this paper is verified by comparing the simulation results and calculation results of the substation model. The deployment conditions of 5G base stations in the substation are analyzed according to the national standard of the requirement and measurement methods of electromagnetic compatibility for mobile telecommunications equipment Part 17: 5G base station and ancillary equipment.