PIER B | PIER Journals

2025-03-27

PIER B

Vol. 111, 31-43, 2025

download: 26

On the Performance of Metasurface Vivaldi Antenna in Breast Cancer Detection Using Artificial Neural Networks for Bio-Signal Analysis

Raya Adel Kamil, Noof T. Mahmood, Zainab Salam Muqdad, Marwah Haleem Jwair, Noor Mohammed Noori and Taha Ahmed Elwi

This paper presents a novel technique to detect tumors in human breasts using a single high-gain antenna and metasurface (MTS) layer. This design is realized to educate artificial neural networks (ANNs) and deliver productive output. We employ an ANN algorithm to classify detected tumors as healthy, benign, or malignant, based on the permittivity of the detected tissues. The method for finding and sorting things uses the fact of normal and abnormal biological tissues having different dielectric properties, which are based on the tissue's actual permittivity. The study focuses on demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed technique for the detection and localization of malignant tumors within human breasts. The proposed Vivaldi antenna is made to work over 5 GHz to 9 GHz with a gain of 17.7 dBi at 6.5 GHz and a half-power beamwidth of 10°. The electromagnetic analysis is done using voxel datasets from human models. For this, we located the breast tissue with tumor inside phantom between the antenna structure and the MTS layer. The obtained numerical results from CST MWS are validated experimentally to be used to realize the training of the considered ANNs for tumor detection. The obtained results from the considered ANNs show minimal average errors and high-performance indices for fat thickness, tumor size, and tumor type. The achieved results are found to realize minimum error percentage rate below 2%. The adopted method is found to be very suitable for tumor detection and localization.

On the Performance of Metasurface Vivaldi Antenna in Breast Cancer Detection Using Artificial Neural Networks for Bio-signal Analysis

2025-03-08

PIER B

Vol. 111, 15-30, 2025

doi:10.2528/PIERB24112909

download: 56

Research on Multi-Field Information of Transformer with Harmonic Invasion in Offshore Wind Farm Based on Electromagnetic-Solid-Acoustic Coupling

Chao Pan, Tongrui Fu, Jingge An and Diyao Jiang

Aiming at the operation stability of transformer with harmonic invasion in offshore wind farm, the evolution and propagation of electromagnetic-solid-acoustic information are studied. Combined with the measured data of invasive harmonic currents, it is found that the proportions of the 5th and 7th harmonics are larger than those of other harmonics. A multi-physical field propagation and information extraction method for transformer is proposed based on the principle of electromagnetic-solid-acoustic coupling. Then, the magnetic density, force, vibration, and noise characteristics of components with harmonic invasion are analyzed. The results show that the increase of harmonics intensifies the vibration and noise of transformer in the same load. In the same harmonic proportion, the waveform distortion of the multi-physical characteristic parameters caused by the 7th harmonic is more significant than the 5th. Moreover, the vibration and noise intensify with rising load factor in the same harmonic invasion mode. Meanwhile, the dynamic experimental platforms are built to measure multi-physics field information in different modes. By comparing the experimental data and simulation result, the accuracy of proposed method can be verified. Furthermore, the 5th harmonic is selected as the typical characterization parameter to study the mapping relationship between harmonics and vibration characteristics. The criteria for disturbed destabilization are formulated, providing new ideas for the life cycle operation and maintenance of offshore wind transformer.

Research on Multi-field Information of Transformer with Harmonic Invasion in Offshore Wind Farm Based on Electromagnetic-solid-acoustic Coupling

2025-02-06

PIER B

Vol. 111, 1-14, 2025

doi:10.2528/PIERB24120103

download: 101

The Problem of Determining the Characteristics of Optical Semiconductors in Plasma Antennas Design and Its Solutions

Mikhail S. Shishkin, Pavel A. Titovets and Mikhail O. Fedyuk

The article focuses on the problem of determining optical semiconductor cell characteristics that can be used for plasma antenna development. The problem outlined is associated with the insufficient characteristics (for example, electrical conductivity) in datasheets for semiconductors on the market, which are for the simulation of antennas. An optical semiconductor conductivity calculation method, when representing it as a segment of a microstrip transmission line (a coplanar waveguide) with a known transmission coefficient (S21) as a radio frequency signal passes through it, is suggested. The article presents a simple and easy-to-use experimental setup for the trial of the suggested method. The essence of the method lies in using a PCB with a microstrip line with a gap in the middle. SMA ports for connection with a vector network analyzer are on the edges. A studied optical semi-conductor cell is placed at the transmission line gap, and the transmission coefficient between the two ports can be measured. In addition to that, the conductivity of the cell under illumination can be calculated based on the proposed formulas. The article presents the results of measuring some optical semiconductor cells (resistors, diodes, transistors) and their conductivity calcula-tions under illumination. The results obtained on the conductivity of photocells can be used for simulating antennas that involve optical semiconductor cells.