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2025-01-19
PIER B
Vol. 110, 57-71, 2025
download: 17
Design and Performance Evaluation of a High-Isolation MIMO Antenna Array for 5G N77/N78/N79 and WLAN Implementations
Juhui Zhang, Wei Luo, Qiangjuan Li, Yuexiao Pan and Gui Liu
This paper proposes a broadband multi-input multi-output (MIMO) antenna array operating in the 3.3-6 GHz frequency range. The antenna array consists of eight identical Z-shaped radiation elements, and the coupling between the antenna elements is minimized through the use of an optimized defected ground structure. Each antenna element is composed of a modified Z-shaped radiation strip, an opposing L-shaped strip, and a rectangular strip. Based on simulation and measurement results, it can be concluded that the antenna array meets the -10 dB bandwidth requirement within the desired frequency band, with the transmission coefficient of less than -15 dB, and an envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) below 0.006. Additionally, the proposed antenna achieves a maximum gain ranging from 2.6-8 dBi, with an efficiency exceeding 76%. The overall size of the phone antenna is 150 × 75 × 7 mm3, while each antenna element measured only 7.8 mm × 7 mm × 0.8 mm (0.091λ × 0.082λ × 0.009λ, where λ represents the wavelength at 3.5 GHz). The high-isolation broadband MIMO antenna proposed in this study emerges as a promising candidate for fifth-generation (5G) New Radio (NR) and WLAN applications.
Design and Performance Evaluation of a High-isolation MIMO Antenna Array for 5G N77/N78/N79 and WLAN Implementations
2025-01-17
PIER B
Vol. 110, 43-56, 2025
download: 32
Compact Monopole Antenna with Cross Shaped Slot for Microwave Brain Tumor Detection Applications
Athul O. Asok, Mohanan Sowmya, Valiyaveetil Ummer Faisa, Fahima Kulathingal Fathima, A. I. Harikrishnan, Mohan Sumi and Sukomal Dey
The early detection of brain tumors presents significant challenges due to the complexity of the brain as well as the need for noninvasive diagnostic tools. This study introduces a novel antenna design optimized for noninvasive brain tumor detection. In this work, a cross slotted circular patch with a rectangular slot in the ground plane is designed in the simulator for brain tumor detection. The designed antenna operates from 1.76 GHz to 13.6 GHz with an impedance matching of greater than -10 dB. The antenna attains a peak gain of 5.8 dBi at 8 GHz. The antenna has been fabricated using the Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit (MMIC) technology and then tested in an anechoic chamber environment. The simulated and measured antenna performance parameters are found in agreement. The developed antenna has been used to image a target containing liquid inside a bottle covered by foam material. The liquid inside the bottle mimics the tumor material as its dielectric constant is comparable to a realistic tumor material. The target has been successfully reconstructed using the Delay and Sum (DAS) approach.
Compact Monopole Antenna with Cross Shaped Slot for Microwave Brain Tumor Detection Applications
2025-01-17
PIER B
Vol. 110, 29-42, 2025
download: 38
Compact 3D Printed Double-Ridged Conical Horn Antenna for Breast Tumour Detections Utilizing Microwave Imaging Over Ultra-Wideband Regime
Athul O. Asok and Sukomal Dey
This paper presents a new 3D-printed, compact Double-Ridged Conical Horn (DRCH) antenna designed for Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Microwave Imaging (MI). The performance of the proposed antenna is analyzed using an electromagnetic (EM) solver, which demonstrates favorable return loss, gain, and radiation characteristics, indicating its structural and performance robustness. To validate the final design, a prototype is fabricated and tested experimentally. The proposed model features reduced dimensions compared to traditional and commercially available Dual Ridge Horn (DRH) antennas, while still maintaining a broad operational bandwidth (|S11| > -10 over the 0.69 GHz-12 GHz range). Within the variety of potential applications, this frequency band is particularly suitable for biomedical devices, particularly in MI, where compact size is crucial for seamless integration into these systems. Additionally, a safety evaluation of the designed antenna has shown that its Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) is well below regulatory limits, ensuring that it can be safely operated near human users.
Compact 3D Printed Double-ridged Conical Horn Antenna for Breast Tumour Detections Utilizing Microwave Imaging over Ultra-wideband Regime
2025-01-14
PIER B
Vol. 110, 15-28, 2025
download: 58
Compact Wideband Antenna Array with DGS-Based Metamaterial for Efficient Smartphone Communication and SAR Reduction
Amany A. Megahed, Amr Hussein Hussein Abdullah, Ahmed Jamal Abdullah Al-Gburi and Rania Hamdy Elabd
This study investigates a high-gain, miniaturized antenna array featuring metamaterial-based semicircular Defected Ground Structures (DGSs) based metamaterial designed for wideband smartphone applications. The antenna array, measuring 49 × 25 mm², is constructed on an FR4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.3 and a thickness of 1.6 mm. The design incorporates two orthogonal antennas, each with a U-shaped radiating patch and a semicircular DGS to control bandwidth and reduce size. A T-shaped stub is positioned at the center of the U-shaped radiating area, with a star-shaped element attached to the leg of the T-shaped stub to enable wideband operation. The antenna demonstrates strong S11 performance, achieving approximately -38 dB at 5.8 GHz and -42 dB at 8.1 GHz, making it ideal for Sub-6 GHz and C-band applications. The proposed antenna array operates across a frequency range from 4 GHz to beyond 10 GHz, reaching a peak gain of 11 dBi and an efficiency of 95%. A time-domain analysis was conducted to verify radiation efficiency, and the specific absorption rate (SAR) is approximately 0.0475 for 1g of tissue and 0.0101 for 10g of tissue at 4.5 GHz, confirming the array's suitability for wideband smartphone devices within the target frequency band. The simulated and experimental results of the proposed antenna array show excellent agreement.
Compact Wideband Antenna Array with DGS-based Metamaterial for Efficient Smartphone Communication and SAR Reduction
2025-01-09
PIER B
Vol. 110, 1-14, 2025
download: 57
Minimization of Latency in D2D-Assisted MEC Collaborative Offloading Based on Intelligent Reflecting Surface
Jun Zhou, Chenwei Feng, Yawei Sun and Jiaxing Guo
With the rapid development of various intelligent scenarios, the demand for low latency, efficient processing, and energy optimization is increasing. In smart communities, intelligent transportation, industrial environments, and other scenarios, a large amount of data is generated that needs to be processed in a short time. Traditional cloud computing models are difficult to meet the requirements for real-time and computing efficiency due to the long data transmission distance and high latency. Therefore, this paper introduces Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces (IRS) into the optimization model of Device-to-Device (D2D) communication and Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) collaborative offloading to enhance system performance and minimize total latency. This paper proposes a latency minimization problem for joint offloading mode selection, computing resource allocation, and IRS phase beamforming. The original problem is decoupled into three subproblems using the Block Coordinate Descent (BCD) algorithm. Through precise potential game theory, the Nash equilibrium (NE) is achieved, and multi-objective optimization is realized using the Lagrangian multiplier method and KKT conditions. Finally, a phase shift optimization problem is solved using the gradient descent algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms other benchmark schemes in terms of performance.
Minimization of Latency in D2D-Assisted MEC Collaborative Offloading Based on Intelligent Reflecting Surface