Being an open access on-line journal, PIER gives great prominence to special issues that draw together significant and emerging works to promote key advances on specific topics. The special issues are devoted to timely, relevant, and cutting-edge research and aim to provide a unique platform for researchers interested in selected topics.We are now calling for papers for the following PIER Spe
The 43rd PIERS in Hangzhou, CHINA
21 - 25, November 2021
(from Sunday to Thursday)
--- Where microwave and lightwave communities meet
Hybrid PIERS: Onsite + Web Access
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Join Us in this Harvest Season - Onsite + Web Access
Night West Lake - PIERS 2021 Hangzhou, CHINA
PIERS 2021, Hangzhou, CHINA
Late autumn - PIERS 2021 Hangzhou, CHINA
West Lake - Hangzhou, CHINA
PIER Journals are a family of journals supported by the PhotonIcs and Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS), which has become a major symposium in the area related to photonics and electromagnetics. The scope includes all aspects of electromagnetic theory plus its wide-ranging applications. Hence, it includes topics motivated by mathematics, sciences as well as topics inspired by advanced technologies. The spectrum ranges from very low frequencies to ultra-violet frequencies. The length scale spans from nanometer length scale to kilometer length scale. The physics covers the classical regime as well as the quantum regime.
Wheat, canola, and pasture are three of the major vegetation types studied during the Soil Moisture Active Passive Validation Experiment 2012 (SMAPVEX12) conducted to support NASA's Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission. The utilized model structure is integrated in the SMAP baseline active retrieval algorithm. Forward lookup tables (data-cubes) for VV and HH backscatters at L-band are developed for wheat and canola fields. The data-cubes have three axes: vegetation water content (VWC), root mean square (RMS) height of rough soil surface and soil permittivity. The volume scattering and doublebounce scattering of the fields are calculated using the distorted Born approximation and the coherent reflectivity in the double-bounce scattering. The surface scattering is determined by the numerical solutions of Maxwell equations (NMM3D). The results of the data-cubes are validated with airborne radar measurements collected during SMAPVEX12 for ten wheat fields, five canola fields, and three pasture fields. The results show good agreement between the data-cube simulation and the airborne data. The root mean squared errors (RMSE) were 0.82 dB, 0.78 dB, and 1.62 dB for HH, and 0.97 dB, 1.30 dB, and 1.82 dB for VV of wheat, canola, and pasture fields, respectively. The data-cubes are next used to perform the time-series retrieval of the soil moisture. The RMSEs of the soil moisture retrieval are 0.043 cm3/cm3, 0.082 cm3/cm3, and 0.082 cm3/cm3 for wheat, canola, and pasture fields, respectively. The results of this paper expand the scope of the SMAP baseline radar algorithm for wheat, canola, and pastures formed and provide a quantitative validation of its performance. It will also have applications for the upcoming NISAR (NASA-ISRO SAR Mission).....
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