PIER C | PIER Journals

2024-11-08

PIER C

Vol. 149, 187-197, 2024

download: 39

Compact Dual-Band CPW-Fed Circularly Polarized Slot Antenna for GNSS Applications

Ahmed Gamal Salama , Osama Mohammad Dardeer , Angie R. Eldamak and Hadia M. El-Henawy

This paper introduces a compact dual-band circularly polarized (CP) slot antenna utilized for L-band Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) applications. The designed antenna structure is a printed L-shaped slot antenna (PLSA) fed by coplanar waveguide (CPW) with a squared ground plane. An L-shaped feeding line is protruded into an L-shaped slot to achieve a circular polarization operation. A reversed T-stub is adopted near the right center of the radiating patch in order to achieve a dual-band operation. The achieved fractional impedance bandwidths (FIBWs) are 5.6% (1.21-1.28 GHz) and 12.2% (1.46-1.65 GHz). The fractional axial ratio bandwidths (FARBWs) are 8.0% (1.21-1.31 GHz) and 18.0% (1.42-1.70 GHz) for the lower and upper GNSS ranges, respectively. The suggested antenna provides right-hand circular polarization (RHCP) radiation. The gain of the suggested antenna ranges between 3.0 dBic and 3.2 dBic for the lower and upper GNSS bands, respectively. The designed antenna exhibits a dual-band behavior that covers both the lower and upper GNSS bands. It has a low profile of 55 × 55 × 1.524 [mm]³ (0.22λ₀ × 0.22λ₀ × 0.006λ₀), which makes it suitable for incorporating within any portable devices receiving GNSS signals. The antenna is lightweight, small in size, simple structure, inexpensive, high FARBW, high FIBW, and demonstrates CP dual-band behavior with a single input. The antenna is simulated, fabricated, and measured. The measurements verify the numerical results successfully. The suggested antenna is suitable for GNSS applications due to its enhanced performance.

Compact Dual-band CPW-fed Circularly Polarized Slot Antenna for GNSS Applications

2024-11-04

PIER C

Vol. 149, 177-186, 2024

doi:10.2528/PIERC24092801

download: 41

Leakage Optimization of Active Magnetically Shielded Isotropic Coils for Electric Vehicle Wireless Charging Systems

Yonghong Long , Hui Li , Zhongqi Li , Bin Li and Ziyue Gan

In the field of wireless power transmission (WPT) for electric vehicles, the challenge of magnetic shielding technology is particularly prominent. Achieving effective magnetic shielding often comes at the cost of transmission efficiency, creating a significant technical bottleneck. As a result, research into improving transmission efficiency while minimizing magnetic leakage has become a primary focus in the industry. This is seen as critical for driving the sustainable development of the electric vehicle sector. In response to this challenge, this paper presents the construction of an active magnetic shield using an isotropic coil configuration, which not only optimizes system efficiency but also significantly reduces magnetic leakage in WPT systems. The paper begins by introducing the concept of an active magnetically shielded isotropic coil structure for wireless power transmission. Next, it details the design methodology and operational principles of the structure, followed by the derivation of the mathematical model and equivalent circuit. The effectiveness of the magnetic shielding mechanism is examined from a theoretical standpoint, and the influence of coil parameters on both shielding performance and transmission efficiency is analyzed. Finally, based on the optimized coil parameters, the design of the wireless charging system incorporating the magnetic shielding structure is completed. This includes relevant theoretical calculations, simulation analyses, and experimental validation to confirm the feasibility of the design. The results demonstrate that the active magnetically shielded isotropic coil significantly reduces magnetic leakage, lowering it by approximately 95.68% compared to traditional coils, while achieving a transmission efficiency of 95.68% in experiments.

Leakage Optimization of Active Magnetically Shielded Isotropic Coils for Electric Vehicle Wireless Charging Systems

2024-11-03

PIER C

Vol. 149, 165-176, 2024

doi:10.2528/PIERC24080904

download: 64

Compact Dual-Band Monopole Antennas with Fractal-Based Half- and Quarter-Circular Folded Loops for WiMAX and WLAN Applications

Dhirgham Kamal Naji

In this paper, two new types of dual-band antennas are presented: a coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed fractal monopole antenna (FMA) and an asymmetric coplanar strip (ACS)-fed fractal half-monopole antenna (FHMA). These antennas are designed to operate in two distinct bands suitable for 3.5/5.5 GHz WiMAX and 5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN applications. Both antennas possess the property of self-similarity by employing half- and quarter-circular folded loops, respectively, which represent the antennas' radiating elements. A design procedure based on a conventional circular patch antenna (CPA) is performed, with evolution steps leading to the achievement of the proposed two antennas with the above-mentioned features. To validate the design concept, two simulator programs (CST MWS and HFSS) were used to extract the simulated results regarding reflection coefficient S₁₁, gain, efficiency, and radiation patterns. According to the agreement between the CST and HFSS simulated results, prototypes of the FMA and FHMA are fabricated on an FR4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.4, a height of 0.8 mm, and overall sizes of only 26×20 mm² and 12×19 mm², representing nearly 73% and 40% reduction in size, respectively, compared with the size of 26×33 mm² for the CPA. The simulated and measured S₁₁ results are in good agreement, illustrating the two antennas operating over the desired bands (S₁₁ ≤ -10 dB): 3.5-/5.5-GHz (3.40-3.69 and 5.25-5.85 GHz) WiMAX and 5.2-/5.8-GHz (5.15-5.35 and 5.72-5.85 GHz) WLAN. Furthermore, the peak realized gain values are greater than 2 dBi, efficiency exceeding 90%, and nearly omnidirectional radiation at both bands. Based on the achieved results and antennas' compactness, they can be highly recommended for the use in WLAN and WiMAX applications.

Compact Dual-band Monopole Antennas with Fractal-based Half- and Quarter-circular Folded Loops for WiMAX and WLAN Applications

2024-11-02

PIER C

Vol. 149, 155-163, 2024

doi:10.2528/PIERC24090602

download: 48

Design a Dual-Band with CSRR Cascaded Patch Antenna Array for Wireless Communications

Maloth Chandrasekhar and Ketavath Kumarnaik

This paper presents a dual-band cascaded rectangular microstrip patch antenna array with a complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) for narrow-band wireless communication applications. The antenna array is fed with a microstrip feed line for proper impedance matching, and CSRR is loaded to generate dual-band characteristics. The CSRR-based proposed antenna radiators operate over two frequency bands, i.e. 100 MHz (3.06-3.16 GHz) and 110 MHz (4.36-4.47 GHz) with reflection coefficients (S₁₁ < -10 dB) of -23 dB and -32 dB. The gain of the proposed antenna array with CSRR is 5.03 dBi and 6.34 dBi at 3.1 GHz and 4.4 GHz respectively. In addition, S-parameters, radiation patterns, 3D gain characteristics, and surface current distribution at resonating frequencies are observed. The proposed antenna array is miniaturized in size and suitable for wireless communication applications.

Design a Dual-band with CSRR Cascaded Patch Antenna Array for Wireless Communications

2024-11-02

PIER C

Vol. 149, 143-154, 2024

doi:10.2528/PIERC24071006

download: 56

Modeling the Compression of Modulated Electromagnetic Pulses in a Straight Waveguiding Defect of Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal

Vadym Pazynin , Kostyantyn Sirenko , Maksym Maiboroda , Miramgul Tokasheva , Akbota Tolegenova and Wilhelm Keusgen

The paper presents the results of numerical modeling of the compression of a frequency-modulated electromagnetic pulse in a straight waveguiding defect of a finite two-dimensional photonic crystal. For the first time, the time reversal method was used to accurately compute the temporal profile of a current pulse that excites an electromagnetic wave that is being compressed in such a structure, given that its temporal profile (electric field intensity) has a specified shape at a given point in space. The photonic crystal consists of an array of sapphire bars with a square cross-section of 1 mm × 1 mm, arranged in free space at a distance of 1 mm from each other. In this model, the boundaries of the frequency range containing the crystal's band gap (from 35.6 to 46.5 GHz), the optimal width of the waveguiding defect (4 mm), and the shape of the excitation current pulse for the waveguiding defect with a length of 0.5 m were found. The obtained pulsed power amplification coefficient is approximately 7.48. A photonic-crystal analog of an H-plane horn antenna was used to radiate the compressed pulse into free space.

Modeling the Compression of Modulated Electromagnetic Pulses in a Straight Waveguiding Defect of Two-dimensional Photonic Crystal

2024-10-30

PIER C

Vol. 149, 131-141, 2024

doi:10.2528/PIERC24092308

download: 55

Digital Non-Foster Impedance Design for Wideband Electrically Small Antennas Beyond the Chu Limit

Christopher Daniel Jr. and Thomas Weldon

Although initial results for the digital implementation of non-Foster impedances showed promise for increasing the bandwidth of electrically small antennas beyond the Chu limit, earlier approximate design methods were inadequate to fully describe the complexity of digital impedance circuits. Recently, the input impedance of such digital impedance circuits was discovered to be dependent on the external source impedance of the driving source. Furthermore, this dependence on the driving source impedance was shown to be extraordinarily complicated, even for a purely resistive driving source. Consequently, the digital non-Foster impedance match of an antenna is considerably more complicated, even with a lumped-element antenna model. In this paper, we present a method for designing a stable wideband digital non-Foster circuit to match the impedance of an electrically small dipole antenna. Simulation results confirm the theoretical predictions and the efficacy of the design method in producing VSWR bandwidth beyond the Wheeler-Chu limit. An RLC model of a 10 MHz electrically small dipole with Q of 215 and passive-tuned bandwidth of 46.5 kHz is chosen to demonstrate the proposed method. For this antenna with Wheeler-Chu bandwidth limit of 442 kHz and size parameter ka = 0.42 rad, the proposed method results in achieving an impedance bandwidth of 2.3 MHz, or more than five times the Wheeler-Chu limit and 48 times the passive-tuned bandwidth. Lastly, the mid-band noise figure is 12.7 dB when the proposed design is combined with a receiver having 3 dB noise figure.

Digital Non-Foster Impedance Design for Wideband Electrically Small Antennas Beyond the Chu Limit

2024-10-29

PIER C

Vol. 149, 123-130, 2024

doi:10.2528/PIERC24050101

download: 58

Research on the Combination of IE3-IE5 Series Energy-Efficient Three-Phase Induction Motor

Chaohui Zhao , Huoda Hu and Wendong Zhang

Motor energy efficiency has gradually become a research hotspot. In this paper, the optimization analysis of motor energy efficiency is carried out for the widely used three-phase induction motors. Based on keeping the stator and rotor structure parameters unchanged, a reasonable combination of motor steel material, winding type, and bar conductor material can realize the change in motor energy efficiency class. Firstly, the influence of stator and rotor steel materials on iron consumption is analyzed using the triple equation of iron consumption. And the loss distribution and efficiency of DW540, DW470, DW360, DW310, DW270, 1J22, and amorphous alloy materials are discussed. Secondly, the effect of different winding types on the no-load reverse electromotive force is analyzed and discussed, and its simulation model is constructed. The corresponding motor efficiency is summarized. Then, the impact of cast copper and aluminum rotors on energy efficiency is compared and analyzed. Finally, the steel material combinations, winding type, and bar conductor material are classified according to the IE3, IE4, and IE5 energy-efficiency classes. The results show that by choosing the right combination, the motor's energy efficiency can be increased by up to 95.3%.

Research on the Combination of IE3-IE5 Series Energy-efficient Three-phase Induction Motor

2024-10-29

PIER C

Vol. 149, 111-121, 2024

doi:10.2528/PIERC24090704

download: 48

Multi-Objective Optimization Design of PMa -BSynRM Rotor Structure Based on Macroscopic Parameters and DPCA

Bo Mao , Xiaoyan Diao , Huangqiu Zhu and Jintao Ju

The rotor of PMa-BSynRM, with its multi-layer barriers and permanent magnet, poses a challenge in the design process as both torque system and suspension force system performance need to be considered comprehensively. To solve this problem, a multi-objective optimization method for the rotor structure of PMa-BSynRM is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the harmonic characteristics of PMa-BSynRM air gap magnetic field are analyzed based on the magnetic potential and magnetic permeability method. The expression for suspension force under the coupled magnetic field is derived by combining Maxwell tensor method. This analysis reveals the relationship between magnetic field characteristics and suspension force, providing guidance for subsequent optimization design. Secondly, through the analysis of the rotor structure, the macroscopic parameters related to the micro and detailed geometric optimization of the PMa-BSynRM rotor are proposed. Based on these macroscopic parameters, the response surface method and dual-population-based co-evolutionary algorithm (DPCA) are applied to realize a compromise among the optimization objectives. Finally, the proposed optimization method is comprehensively analyzed through simulation analysis and prototype experiment. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate a reduction of 51% in optimized torque ripple and 74% in suspension force ripple, as well as a decrease of 3.2˚ in the suspension force error angle. After optimization, the performance of the motor torque and suspension force system is significantly improved, thus verifying the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed optimization method.

Multi-objective Optimization Design of PMa-BSynRM Rotor Structure Based on Macroscopic Parameters and DPCA

2024-10-29

PIER C

Vol. 149, 105-109, 2024

doi:10.2528/PIERC24090202

download: 71

A Low Profile 20-Bit Frequency-Coded L-Shape Multi-Slot Resonator for Chipless RFID Applications

Narayanan Saranya , Thangarasu Deepa , Periyasamy Raja , Kumar Paayal , Arunagiri Sofiya and Raju Swetha

This research work investigates the performance of a novel low profile 20-bit frequency coded L-shape slot loaded resonator for chipless RFID applications. The proposed chipless RFID comprises a CPW-fed UWB radiator and an L-shaped multi-slot resonator to achieve 20-bit data capacity. CPW technique is implemented to enhance antenna bandwidth and radiation characteristics. The designed UWB radiator covers the entire band from 3 to 12 GHz with better return loss. Also, the peak gain is measured as 6 dBi in the respective frequency spectrum. The proposed L-shaped frequency-coded multi-slot resonator is developed with a compact size of 23.6×14.1×1.6 mm³. Moreover, the frequency coding technique allows for a wide range of frequency combinations for data representation, as well as contributes to reducing the RFID tag size. The research holds significance in propelling RFID technology forward and ushering in a new era of small, efficient, and flexible data encoding solutions.

2024-10-28

PIER C

Vol. 149, 95-103, 2024

doi:10.2528/PIERC24091703

download: 64

A Compact UHF RFID Tag Antenna with Tunable Double Interdigitated Structures

Luoxin Cai , Zibin Shi , Yanwei Qiu and Jiade Yuan

A compact and tunable ultra-high frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) tag antenna is proposed. The antenna comprises a rectangular ring, two symmetrical radiating arms formed by multiple L-shaped stubs, and two interdigitated structures. By adjusting the parameters of double interdigitated structures, the resonant frequency of the antenna can be tuned coarsely and finely, while maintaining a nearly constant maximum power transmission coefficient. The proposed tag antenna has a size of 28 mm x 16 mm (0.086λ x 0.049λ at 920 MHz). Measurement results show that the proposed antenna can achieve the maximum reading distance of 6.8 m at 920 MHz under the condition of 3.28 W effective isotropic radiated power. The proposed RFID tag antenna offers several advantages, including compact size and frequency tunability, making it well-suited for various RFID system applications.

A Compact UHF RFID Tag Antenna with Tunable Double Interdigitated Structures

2024-10-28

PIER C

Vol. 149, 87-94, 2024

doi:10.2528/PIERC24092503

download: 58

Small Size Radially Embedded Probe-Fed Dielectric Resonator Antenna for Ultra-Wideband Applications

Abinash Thakur and Satyajib Bhattacharyya

Radially embedded probe-fed circular disc dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) for ultrawideband applications is investigated. Initially, a single-layer probe fed DRA is developed. The probe length is adjusted to optimize S11 performance. For a probe length of 10 mm, a measured -10 dB bandwidth of 47.8% (4.75-7.74 GHz) is obtained. The design is modified with two concentric rings of different dielectric materials with a hollow center. The modified configuration improves the matching from an S₁₁ value of -18 dB at 5.23 GHz to -24.2 dB at 4.56 GHz. However, the measured -10 dB bandwidth reduces to some extent to 38.4% (4.2-6.2 GHz). In another modified design, an air gap is introduced between two inner discs of Alumina supported by a solid outer ring of Teflon. The radially embedded feeding probe, therefore, protrudes into the circular air pocket sandwiched between the two Alumina discs. An improved measured bandwidth of 55.9% (6.66-11.83 GHz) is obtained. Measured S₁₁ of -24.1 dB is similar to that obtained for the concentric ring design but at a higher frequency of 9 GHz. All the three antenna designs feature a reduced size having a volume of approximately 1963.5 mm³, wider bandwidth and consistent radiation pattern over the operating frequency band. It makes the proposed designs suitable for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications.

Small Size Radially Embedded Probe-fed Dielectric Resonator Antenna for Ultra-Wideband Applications

2024-10-26

PIER C

Vol. 149, 81-86, 2024

doi:10.2528/PIERC24090104

download: 80

Dual-Band RF Rectifier Using Stepped Microstrip Line Matching Network for IoT Sensors Application

Meghdad Khodaei , Halim Boutayeb , Larbi Talbi and Alireza Ghayekhloo

RF rectifier circuits are critical to powering IOT sensors through energy harvesting process, allowing devices to operate without conventional batteries. This paper presents an efficient and dual-band RF rectifier circuit working at 0.915 GHz and 2.45 GHz frequencies which could be used in IOT power sensor devices. The design of a dual-band matching circuit, which is a key element of the RF rectifier, is discussed, and closed-form expressions are derived to extract the most significant parameters. In order to simplify the matching circuit, only three microstrip line sections are required in this design. The first line makes the structure independent of frequency, and the second and third lines are used to transfer the desired impedance to 50 Ohm of the source. For validation, a dual-band RF rectifier circuit using SMS7621-079LF Schottky diode is fabricated. The measured results show that the fabricated rectifier can achieve power conversion efficiency (PCE) around 65.7% and 62.4% (with a load resistance of 2500 Ohm and 5 dBm input power) at 0.915 GHz and 2.45 GHz, respectively. The dual-band and high-efficiency features of the proposed rectifier make it suitable for energy harvesting (EH) systems to power IOT sensor devices.

Dual-band RF Rectifier Using Stepped Microstrip Line Matching Network for IOT Sensors Application

2024-10-25

PIER C

Vol. 149, 67-79, 2024

doi:10.2528/PIERC24092002

download: 42

Multi Resonant Gap-Coupled Designs of E-Shape Microstrip Antenna for Wideband Response

Venkata A. P. Chavali and Amit A. Deshmukh

The wideband gap-coupled configuration of an E-shape microstrip antenna, with two C-shape microstrip patches and loaded with a parasitic printed rectangular loop element, is proposed. In 1200 MHz frequency range and on a substrate thickness of 0.11λ_g, with an optimum inter-spacing between the frequencies of TM₁₀ and TM₀₂ resonant modes of the rectangular patch along with TM₂₀ resonant mode frequencies on the parasitic C-shape and printed rectangular loop element, the maximum reflection coefficient bandwidth of 945 MHz (68.11%) is achieved. The gap-coupled antenna offers broadside radiation characteristics across the complete bandwidth with a peak broadside gain of 9 dBi. Design methodology to realize wideband gap-coupled configuration in different frequency ranges is presented which yields similar result. The antenna response is experimentally verified, which yields close agreement against the simulated result.

Multi Resonant Gap-coupled Designs of E-shape Microstrip Antenna for Wideband Response

2024-10-25

PIER C

Vol. 149, 59-65, 2024

doi:10.2528/PIERC24082102

download: 48

Research on Wireless Signal Coverage Enhancement in Mine Tunnels with Different Turning Angle Based on PRIS

Bo Yin , Xiaoliang Li , Yun Li and Xiangdong Fu

Wireless communication is an essential part of future smart mines. However, the complex structure of mines, especially curved mine tunnels, makes the coverage of wireless signals drastically reduced compared to the ground, which increases the difficulty of wireless communication inside the mine. In order to improve the transmission characteristics of wireless signals in the underground non line of sight (NLOS) region, a new passive reconfigurable intelligent metasurface (PRIS) is proposed, which realises the reconfigurable characteristics of the PRIS beam through the principles of passive coding and splicing, and can be applied to different turning angle tunnels. Finally, the PRIS with different radiation directions is designed and simulated in the simulation software, and loaded into different turning angle tunnels for the simulation of tunnel power distribution. By comparing with the simulation results of unloaded PRIS, the PRIS is the most effective when the turning angle is 50˚. The overall power intensity of the tunnel is improved by 25 dBm, and the overall power intensity of the tunnel is improved by 14~17 dBm at other turning angles, which proves the effectiveness of passive splicing metasurface in the application of underground wireless communication blindness mending scenarios.

Research on Wireless Signal Coverage Enhancement in Mine Tunnels with Different Turning Angle Based on PRIS

2024-10-21

PIER C

Vol. 149, 47-58, 2024

doi:10.2528/PIERC24072501

download: 89

Double Closed-Loop Model-Free Super-Twisting Terminal Sliding Mode Control Algorithm of IPMSM Based on Third-Order Super-Twisting Observer

Qianghui Xiao , Zhi Wang , Xiaorui Wei , Yuxin Yang , Yushuang Zhang and Zhun Cheng

To solve the problem of poor control performance of internal permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSM) due to parameter perturbations and external perturbations when adopting mode-free sliding mode control (MFSMC) algorithm, a double-closed-loop model-free super-twisting terminal sliding mode control (MFSTTSMC) algorithm of IPMSM based on third-order super-twisting observer (TOSTO) is proposed. Firstly, according to the new model-free control (MFC) algorithm, an ultra-local expansion model of IPMSM speed-current double closed-loop is established. Secondly, based on the ultra-local expansion model, a double closed-loop MFSTTSMC is designed to achieve global rapid convergence of system state errors. At the same time, a TOSTO is designed to estimate the disturbance in real time and carry out feedforward compensation, which enhances system robustness. Finally, the viability and superiority of the proposed control algorithm is demonstrated through simulation and experiments.

Double Closed-loop Model-free Super-twisting Terminal Sliding Mode Control Algorithm of IPMSM Based on Third-order Super-twisting Observer

2024-10-21

PIER C

Vol. 149, 37-45, 2024

doi:10.2528/PIERC24080702

download: 51

Research on Ultra Narrow Size Microstrip Multiband Antenna Suitable for Wireless Repeaters in Mine Tunnels with Different Cross-Sections

Yun Li , Peng Chen and Bo Yin

Through the analysis of experimental data, it is found that the optimal communication frequencies of mine tunnels with different cross-sections are different. These optimal operating frequency bands (580-600 MHz, 806-826 MHz, 1427.9-1447.9 MHz, 2401.5-2481.5 MHz, 5150-5600 MHz) are not only numerous, but also wide-ranging. Meanwhile, because the wireless repeater in the mine tunnel has great restrictions on the antenna size, the antenna has to be designed in a very small range of transverse size. In this paper, an ultra-narrow sized multi-frequency dipole (0.41λ × 0.04λ) is proposed to cover the optimal communication bands of underground mine tunnels with different cross-sections. This multibranch dipole consists of three main parts: lateral long branch, middle short branch, and end-loaded reverse branch. By adjusting the length of the two lateral long branches and utilizing the high harmonics, the antenna covers the lowest and highest operating bands that differ by a factor of seven. The middle short branch is one of the contributors to 1.4 GHz band. Meanwhile, the performance of the antenna at high frequencies is optimized by adjusting the distance between branches. The bandwidth of 1.4 GHz band is expanded by the loaded reverse branches. The test results are in good agreement with the simulation data, and the antenna covers all the optimal communication frequencies of underground mine tunnels with different cross-sections. Its peak gain at the resonance point is greater than 0 dBi, and the structure is simple.

Research on Ultra Narrow Size Microstrip Multiband Antenna Suitable for Wireless Repeaters in Mine Tunnels with Different Cross-sections

2024-10-21

PIER C

Vol. 149, 25-35, 2024

doi:10.2528/PIERC24091101

download: 65

Design of Compensated PLL for Position Sensorless Drives of PMSMs

Han Lin , Shanshan Wang , Zhonggen Wang , Xiaobing Zhu and Wenyan Nie

To filter out the high harmonic content of the back electromotive force (EMF) in the conventional sliding mode observer (SMO), a novel flux SMO (FSMO) is designed in this paper. The feedback matrix is designed to replace the external filter or other modules, and its higher-order feedback characteristics further enhance the convergence of the FSMO. The Lyapunov function is used to assess the stability of the FSMO. Importantly, a compensated phase-locked loop (CPLL) with an angular compensation strategy is used to extract both position and speed information, resulting in less speed fluctuation and lower position estimation error. Furthermore, the simulation model and experimental platform are developed to evaluate the reliability of the proposed method. Both simulated and experimental results confirm that the proposed hybrid control algorithm performs well in both steady state and dynamic one, high or low speed of the system, with suppressed harmonics of 50.1% and 7.3%, respectively, and an improved response time of 54.1%, providing a concrete program for sensorless control of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs).

Design of Compensated PLL for Position Sensorless Drives of PMSMs

2024-10-20

PIER C

Vol. 149, 15-23, 2024

doi:10.2528/PIERC24072801

download: 80

Speed Control of Synchronous Reluctance Motor with Composite Controller Based on Super-Twisting Sliding Mode

Yinhang Ning , Zhihao Huang , Benqing Lv , Longlong Fu and Zhaozhuo Li

Synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM) has been a hot research topic in recent years. In this paper, a composite speed controller based on the concept of super-twisting sliding mode (STSM) control is designed and innovatively applied to SynRM. For current control, the maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) strategy is used. For torque control, a design method based on an STSM controller is given. In order to solve the chattering phenomenon existing in STSM, a simple structure disturbance observer (DOB) is further introduced as a feed-forward compensation to offset the disturbances. A novel composite sliding mode speed controller is formed based on DOB and STSM. By using Matlab/Simulink, a composite sliding mode speed control system was built. The characteristics of the motor such as current, speed, and torque were researched. Compared to the STSM controller, the speed overshoot of the new controller is reduced by up to 50% (for no-load start). The speed drop is reduced by up to 75% (for sudden load), and the recovery time is shortened by up to 50%. The results show that the designed composite speed control system has better dynamic performance.

Speed Control of Synchronous Reluctance Motor with Composite Controller Based on Super-twisting Sliding Mode

2024-10-19

PIER C

Vol. 149, 9-14, 2024

doi:10.2528/PIERC24080901

download: 65

A Novel Knowledge-Based Neural Network Approach to the Small-Signal Modeling of Packaged Diodes

Wenyuan Liu , Ningning Yang , Shuxia Yan and Yanlin Xu

This paper proposes a novel knowledge-based neural network approach that, in the absence of specific device SPICE models, can utilize the measured data of actual diode devices to map the existing diode coarse model to a more accurate package model through neural network mapping techniques, thereby achieving precise and efficient modeling of the small-signal characteristics of diode devices. A knowledge-based neural network model for packaged diodes is proposed, which enhances modeling accuracy by learning the discrepancies between the diode coarse model and the actual device data. A training method for rapid parameter adjustment is suggested, where the neural networks within the input and output packaging modules automatically learn and adjust, continuously optimizing their internal parameters to enhance modeling efficiency. Modeling experiments conducted on the measurement data of the MA4AGFCP910 diode show that the proposed packaged diode model can effectively and accurately match the small-signal characteristic data of the diode device.

A Novel Knowledge-based Neural Network Approach to the Small-signal Modeling of Packaged Diodes

2024-10-18

PIER C

Vol. 149, 1-8, 2024

doi:10.2528/PIERC24091102

download: 61

Bandwidth Enhancement of SIW-Fed Dielectric Rod Antennas via Tapered Grating

Shreya Sudhakaran Menon , Khagindra K. Sood , Nalesh Sivanandan and Supriya M. Hariharan

This study presents a technique to enhance the bandwidth of substrate-integrated dielectric rod antennas. The technique involves adding a tapered grating at the antenna input, which improves impedance matching. The tapered grating converts some of the guided mode fields into leaky mode fields, leading to improved matching and broader bandwidth. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated through simulations and measurements, showing significant bandwidth enhancement in both X-band and Ku-band designs. The design parameters and optimization process are detailed, and the scalability of the technique is confirmed by its successful application to different frequency bands. A design for X-band demonstrates the effectiveness of this technique, yielding a bandwidth of 40%. Additionally, the technique is applied to a previously reported Ku-band design, resulting in an improved bandwidth of 52%, up from 36%. The paper concludes that the proposed tapered grating is an effective approach to enhance the bandwidth of substrate-integrated dielectric rod antennas, particularly for medium or high-gain applications.