volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

To improve the beam collection efficiency (BCE) of the microwave wireless power transmission (MWPT) system while reducing the peak sidelobe level outside the receiving area (CSL) and system cost, this paper proposes a new subarray partition technique and a nonuniform sparsely distributed quadrant symmetric planar array (NSDQSPA) model. A particle swarm optimization algorithm based on multiple-objective with nonlinear time-variant inertia and learning factor improved particle swarm optimization (MO-NTVILF-IPSO) is also proposed. The one-step multi-objective subarray partition algorithm adopts dynamic weight and dynamic learning factor to carry out one-step optimization on the array element arrangement of the transmitting array. The optimization algorithm simultaneously optimizes two performance indicators: the ΔBCE, which represents the optimization accuracy for the BCE, and the α_ref, which represents the mean square error of the excitation amplitude before and after the subarray partition. Many simulation results show that the BCE is 94.91%, and the CSL is -13.41 dB when the transmitting array with an aperture of 4.5λ×4.5λ is divided into six subarrays. The simulation results further demonstrate that the proposed subarray division method is appropriate for the MWPT system and that the algorithm in this paper, when the array elements with the same excitation amplitude are divided for the planar transmitting array on the array model, and can guarantee relatively high BCE and relatively low complexity of the system feed network.

1. Lu, Fei, Hua Zhang, Weiguo Li, Zhe Zhou, Chong Zhu, Chenwen Cheng, Zhanfeng Deng, Xi Chen, and Chunting Chris Mi, "A high-efficiency and long-distance power-relay system with equal power distribution," IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, Vol. 8, No. 2, 1419-1427, 2020.

2. Lee, Chung Hee, GuHo Jung, Khalifa Al Hosani, Boyune Song, Dong-Kwan Seo, and Dong Ho Cho, "Wireless power transfer system for an autonomous electric vehicle," 2020 IEEE Wireless Power Transfer Conference (WPTC), 467-470, 2020.

3. Li, Xun, Baoyan Duan, Liwei Song, Yang Yang, Yiqun Zhang, and Dongxu Wang, "A new concept of space solar power satellite," Acta Astronautica, Vol. 136, 182-189, 2017.

4. Li, Xun, Jinzhu Zhou, Baoyan Duan, Yang Yang, Yiqun Zhang, and Jianyu Fan, "Performance of planar arrays for microwave power transmission with position errors," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 14, 1794-1797, 2015.

5. Li, Ying and Vikram Jandhyala, "Design of retrodirective antenna arrays for short-range wireless power transmission," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 60, No. 1, 206-211, 2012.

6. Chen, Qiang, Xing Chen, and Pan Feng, "A comparative study of space transmission efficiency for the microwave wireless power transmission," 2015 Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference (APMC), Vol. 3, 1-3, Nanjing, China, Dec. 2015.

7. Massa, Andrea, Giacomo Oliveri, Federico Viani, and Paolo Rocca, "Array designs for long-distance wireless power transmission: State-of-the-art and innovative solutions," Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 101, No. 6, 1464-1481, 2013.
doi:10.1109/JPROC.2013.2245491

8. Li, Xun, Baoyan Duan, Liwei Song, Yiqun Zhang, and Wanye Xu, "Study of stepped amplitude distribution taper for microwave power transmission for SSPS," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 65, No. 10, 5396-5405, 2017.

9. Shi, Quanhu, Zhi Zheng, and Yan Sun, "Pattern synthesis of subarrayed large linear and planar arrays using K-means solution," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 20, No. 5, 693-697, 2021.

10. Oliveri, Giacomo, Lorenzo Poli, and Andrea Massa, "Maximum efficiency beam synthesis of radiating planar arrays for wireless power transmission," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 61, No. 5, 2490-2499, 2013.

11. Anselmi, N., A. Polo, M. A. Hannan, M. Salucci, and P. Rocca, "Maximum BCE synthesis of domino-tiled planar arrays for far-field wireless power transmission," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 34, No. 17, 2349-2370, 2020.

12. Xiong, Zi-Yuan, Zhen-Hai Xu, Si-Wei Chen, and Shun-Ping Xiao, "Subarray partition in array antenna based on the algorithm X," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 12, No. 12, 906-909, 2013.

13. Li, Jianxiong and Shengjia Chang, "Novel sparse planar array synthesis model for microwave power transmission systems with high efficiency and low cost," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 115, 245-259, 2021.
doi:10.2528/PIERC21052404

14. Li, Jianxiong, Junwen Pan, and Xianguo Li, "A novel synthesis method of sparse nonuniform-amplitude concentric ring arrays for microwave power transmission," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 107, 1-15, 2021.

15. Li, Jianxiong, Ziyu Han, and Cuijuan Guo, "Novel subarray partition algorithm for solving the problem of too low beam collection efficiency caused by dividing a few subarrays," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 108, 223-235, 2022.
doi:10.2528/PIERM22011701

16. Li, Xun and Yong-Xin Guo, "Multiobjective optimization design of aperture illuminations for microwave power transmission via multiobjective grey wolf optimizer," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 68, No. 8, 6265-6276, 2020.

17. Li, Xun, Baoyan Duan, Jinzhu Zhou, Liwei Song, and Yiqun Zhang, "Planar array synthesis for optimal microwave power transmission with multiple constraints," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 16, 70-73, 2016.

18. Sun, Xiaoyu, Xun Li, Kunpeng Liu, and Chenyang Liu, "Study on the transmitting array for ground microwave wireless power transmission system," 2023 IEEE 11th International Conference on Information, Communication and Networks (ICICN), 659-663, 2023.

19. Guo, Hua, Huiliang Hao, Peng Song, Lijian Zhang, and Xiaodan Zhang, "Synthesis of planar array antenna for wireless power transmission," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 121, 163-178, 2022.
doi:10.2528/PIERC22040208

20. Aroniadi, Chrysanthi and Grigorios N. Beligiannis, "Applying particle swarm optimization variations to solve the transportation problem effectively," Algorithms, Vol. 16, No. 8, 372, 2023.

21. Li, Jianxiong and Ziyu Han, "Synthesis of sparse square arrays with high beam collection efficiency under minimum element spacing constraints," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 65, No. 1, 240-246, 2023.

22. Poli, Riccardo, James Kennedy, and Tim Blackwell, "Particle swarm optimization: An overview," Swarm Intelligence, Vol. 1, 33-57, 2007.

23. Miao, Ai-Min, Xin-Ling Shi, Jun-Hua Zhang, En-Yong Wang, and Shu-Qing Peng, "A modified particle swarm optimizer with dynamical inertia weight," Fuzzy Information and Engineering, Vol. 2, 767-776, 2009.

24. Clerc, Maurice and James Kennedy, "The particle swarm-explosion, stability, and convergence in a multidimensional complex space," IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, Vol. 6, No. 1, 58-73, 2002.

Professor Jianxiong Li

Dr. Chen Wang