volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

In this paper, a compact modified hexagonal spiral resonator-based tri-band patch antenna with an octagonal slot is presented for Wi-Fi/WLAN applications. The proposed antenna is designed on a low-cost FR4 substrate with a dielectric constant of ε_r=4.4 and loss tangent δ=0.02. The tri-band operations have been achieved by the a Modified Hexagonal Complementary Spiral Resonator (MHCSR) and an Octagonal slot. The loading of the MHCSR at the bottom of the substrate is to cover the 900MHz (IEEE 802.11ah) band, and an Octagonal slot on top of the 5 GHz (IEEE 802.11a/h/j/n/ac/ax) rectangle patch is to cover the 2.4 GHz (IEEE 802.11b/g/n/ax)band. The prototype of the proposed antenna is fabricated and tested to validate the simulation results. The measured impedance bandwidth is 105 MHz at 900 MHz, 160 MHz at 2.4 GHz, 18 0MHz at 5 GHz. The designed antenna has a compact size with overall dimensions of 0.054λ₀ x 0.066 λ₀ x 0.0048 λ₀ (18 x 22 x 1.6 mm³). The 82.2% reduction in size has been accomplished as compared to a conventional patch antenna at 900MHz (lower resonance frequency). The waveguide setup method has been used to validate a negative permittivity property of the MHCSR. The parametric analysis of the proposed antenna had been carried out using the Ansoft HFSS19 software.

1. Caloz, C. and T. Itoh, Electromagnetic Metamaterials: Transmission Line Theory and Microwave Applications, 1st Ed., Wiley-IEEE Press, 2006.

2. Marque's, R., F. Martin, and M. Sorolla, Metamaterials with Negative Parameters: Theory, Design and Microwave Applications, Wiley, 2007.
doi:10.1002/9780470191736

3. Huang, C. Y. and Yu. En-Zo, "A slot-monopole antenna for dual-band WLAN applications," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 10, 500-502, 2011.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2011.2156755

4. Raj, R. K., M. Joseph, C. K. Aanandan, K. Vasudevan, and P. Mohanan, "A new compact microstrip-fed dual-band coplanar antenna for WLAN applications," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 54, No. 12, 3755-3762, 2006.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2006.886505

5. Malik, J., A. Patnaik, and M. V. Kartikeyan, "A compact dual-band antenna with omnidirectional radiation pattern," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 14, 503-506, 2015.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2014.2370651

6. Chakraborty, U., A. Kundu, S. K. Chowdhury, and A. K. Bhattacharjee, "Compact dualband microstrip antenna for IEEE 802.11a WLAN application," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 13, 407-410, 2014.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2014.2307005

7. Peng, L. and C.-L. Ruan, "A microstrip fed Patch antenna with two parasitic invert L stubs for dual-band WLAN applications," Wireless Personal Communications, Vol. 57, 727-734, 2011.
doi:10.1007/s11277-009-9873-2

8. Rajak, N., N. Chattoraj, and R. Mark, "Metamaterial cell inspired high gain multiband antenna for wireless applications," International Journal of Electronics and Communications (AEU), Vol. 109, 23-30, 2019.
doi:10.1016/j.aeue.2019.07.003

9. Varamini, G., A. Keshtkar, and M. Naser-Moghadasi, "Miniaturization of a microstrip loop antenna for wireless based on metamaterial metasurface," International Journal of Electronics and Communications (AEU), Vol. 83, 32-39, 2018.
doi:10.1016/j.aeue.2017.08.024

10. Pirooj, A., M. Naser-Moghadasi, and F. B. Zarrabi, "Design of compact slot antenna based on split ring resonator for 2.45/5 GHz WLAN applications with circular polarization," Microwave and Optical Technology Letter, Vol. 58, No. 1, 12-16, 2016.
doi:10.1002/mop.29484

11. Sedghi, M. S., M. Naser-Moghadasi, and F. B. Zarrabi, "Microstrip antenna miniaturization with fractal EBG and SRR loads for linear and circular polarization," International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies, Vol. 9, No. 4, 891-901, 2017.
doi:10.1017/S1759078716000726

12. Hrideshkumarverma, R., S. Meena, M. Kumar, and S. P. Singh, "A low RCS compact circularly polarized dual band slot antenna loaded with SRR and CSRR for satellite applications," International Journal of Electronics, 2020.

13. Rajalakshmi, P. and N. Gunavathi, "Gain enhancement of cross shaped patch antenna for IEEE 802.11ax Wi-Fi applications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 80, 91-99, 2018.
doi:10.2528/PIERL18091401

14. Rajalakshmi, P. and N. Gunavathi, "Compact complementary folded triangle split ring resonator triband mobile handset planar antenna for voice and Wi-Fi applications," Progress in Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 91, 253-264, 2019.
doi:10.2528/PIERC19021806

15. Gupta, A. and R. K. Chaudhary, "A compact dual-band short ended metamaterial antenna with extended bandwidth," International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, Vol. 26, No. 5, 435-441, 2016.
doi:10.1002/mmce.20980

16. Kukreja, J., D. K. Choudhary, and R. K. Chaudhary, "CPW fed miniaturized dual-band short ended metamaterial antenna using modified split ring resonator for wireless applications," International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, Vol. 27, No. 8, 1-7, 2017.
doi:10.1002/mmce.21123

17. Gunavathi, N. and D. Sriram Kumar, "CPW-fed monopole antenna with reduced radiation hazards towards human head using metallic thin-wire mesh for 802.11ac applications," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters (MOTL), Vol. 57, No. 11, 2684-2687, 2015.
doi:10.1002/mop.29411

18. Gunavathi, N. and D. Sriram Kumar, "Miniaturized unilateral coplanar waveguide-fed asymmetric planar antenna with reduced radiation hazards for 802.11ac applications," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters (MOTL), Vol. 58, No. 2, 338-343, 2015.

19. Balanis, C. A., Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, John Wiley & Sons, 2016.

20. Chen, H. J., J. Zhang, Y. Bai, Y. Luo, J. Q. Ran, et al. "Experimental retrieval of the effective parameters of metamaterial based on a waveguide method," Optics Express, Vol. 14, No. 26, 12944-12949, 2006.
doi:10.1364/OE.14.012944

21. Smith, D. R., S. Schultz, P. Markos, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Determination of negative permittivity and permeability of metamaterials from reflection and transmission coefficients," Phys. Rev. B, Vol. 65, No. 19, 2002.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.65.195104

Mrs. Pitchai Rajalakshmi

Dr. Nagarajan Gunavathi