volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

In this article, the authors present a hepta band metamaterial inspired hybrid fractal octagonal shape antenna for wireless applications. Multiband characteristics in the proposed design are achieved by hybrid fractal form of Moore curve and Koch curve with metamaterial loading. A well matched impedance bandwidth (S₁₁ ≤ -10 dB) is accomplished at seven microwave frequency bands Upper L band (1.93~2.08 GHz), S band WiMAX (3.3~3.7 GHz), C band WLAN (5.4~5.9 GHz), C band IEEE INSAT application (6.5~7.2 GHz), X band terrestrial broadband, space communication and Radio Navigation (RN) application (8.51~11.05 GHz), Lower Ku band direct broadcast satellite service (12.2~12.7 GHz), and Middle Ku band satellite communication operating band (14.73~15.84 GHz) covering various wireless applications. The antenna achieves hexa/penta band characteristics during switching ON/OFF state of PIN diode placed between the Moore curve structure (attached with centered SRR cell) and feedline. Radiation patterns are found in stable forms at all the resonant frequencies. Measured results of the proposed design are compared with simulated ones indicating good agreement between them.

1. Elsheakh, D. M. N., H. A. Elsadek, E. A. Abdallah, M. F. Iskander, and H. M. S. El- Hennawy, "Reconfigurable single and multiband inset feed microstrip patch antenna for wireless communication devices," Progress In Electromagnetic Research C, Vol. 12, 191-201, 2010.

2. Bakariya, P. S., S. Dwari, M. Sarkar, and M. K. Mandal, "Proximity-coupled microstrip antenna for Bluetooth, WiMAX and WLAN applications," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 14, 755-758, 2015.

3. Wu, R. Z., P. Wang, Q. Zheng, and R. P. Li, "Compact CPW-fed triple band antenna for diversity applications," Electron. Letters, Vol. 51, 735-736, 2015.

4. Mehdipour, A., A. R. Sebak, C. W. Trueman, and T. A. Denidni, "Compact multiband planar antenna for 2.4/3.5/5.2/5.8-GHz wireless applications," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 11, 144-147, 2012.

5. Cao, Y. F., S. W. Cheung, and T. I. Yuk, "A multiband slot antenna for GPS/WiMAX/WLAN systems," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 63, No. 3, 952-958, 2015.

6. Saraswat, R. K. and M. Kumar, "A frequency band reconfigurable UWB antenna for high gain applications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 64, 29-45, 2015.

7. Samsuzzaman, M., T. Islam, N. H. Abd Rahman, M. R. I. Faruque, and J. S. Mandeep, "Compact modified Swastika shape patch antenna for WLAN/WiMAX applications," International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 2014, 1-8, 2014.

8. Ali, T., S. Pathan, and R. C. Biradar, "A multiband antenna loaded with metamaterial and slots for GPS/WLAN/WiMAX applications," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 60, 79-85, 2018.

9. Chaurasia, P., B. K. Kanaujia, S. Dwari, and M. K. Khandelwal, "Design and analysis of sevenbands- slot-antenna with small frequency ratio for different wireless applications," Int. J. Electron. and Commun. (AEU), Vol. 99, 100-109, 2018.

10. Zhu, J. and G. V. Eleftheriades, "Dual band metamaterial inspired small monopole antenna for WiFi applications," Electron. Letters, Vol. 45, No. 22, 1104-1106, 2009.

11. Xu, H.-X., G.-M. Wang, Y.-Y. Lv, M.-Q. Qi, X. Gao, and S. Ge, "Multifrequency monopole antennas by loading metamaterial transmission lines with dual-shunt branch circuit," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 137, 703-725, 2013.

12. Alam, T., M. Samsuzzaman, M. R. I. Faruque, and M. T. Islam, "A metamaterial unit cell inspired antenna for mobile wireless applications," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 58, No. 2, 263-267, 2016.

13. Daniel, S., R. Pandeeswari, and S. Raghavan, "A compact metamaterial loaded monopole antenna with offset-fed microstrip line for wireless applications," Int. J. Electron. and Commun. (AEU), Vol. 83, 88-94, 2017.

14. Rao, M. V., B. T. P. Madhav, T. Anilkumar, and B. P. Nadh, "Metamaterial inspired quad band circularly polarized antenna for WLAN/ISM/Bluetooth/WiMAX and satellite communication applications," Int. J. Electron. and Commun. (AEU), Vol. 97, 229-241, 2018.

15. Anguera, J., C. Puente, C. Borja, and J. Soler, "Fractal shaped antennas: A review," Encyclopedia of RF and Microwave Engineering, Wiley Interscience, 2005.

16. Chen, H. D., H. W. Yang, and C. Y. D. Sim, "Single open-slot antenna for LTE/WWAN smartphone application," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 65, No. 8, 4278-4282, 2017.

17. Lee, S. H., Y. Lim, Y. J. Yoon, C. B. Hong, and H. I. Kim, "Multiband folded slot antenna with reduced hand effect for handsets," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 9, 674-677, 2010.

18. Yuan, B., Y. Cao, and G. Wang, "A miniaturized printed slot antenna for six-band operation of mobile handsets," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 10, 854-857, 2011.

19. Sharma, S. K., J. D. Mulchandani, D. Gupta, and R. K. Chaudhary, "Triple band metamaterial inspired antenna using FDTD technique for WLAN/WiMAX applications," International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, Vol. 25, No. 8, 688-695, 2015.

20. Ali, T. and R. C. Biradar, "A compact multiband antenna using λ/4 rectangular stub loaded with metamaterial for IEEE 802.11 N and IEEE 802.16 E," Microave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 59, No. 5, 1000-1006, 2017.

21. Kukreja, J., D. Kumar Choudhary, and R. Kumar Chaudhary, "CPW fed miniaturized dual-band short-ended metamaterial antenna using modified split-ring resonator for wireless application," International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, Vol. 27, No. 8, 1-7, 2017.

22. Saraswat, R. K. and M. Kumar, "A metamaterial hepta-band antenna for wireless applications with specific absorption rate reduction," International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, Vol. 29, No. 10, 1-12, 2019.

23. Ali, T., A. M. Saadh, and R. C. Biradar, "A fractal quad-band antenna loaded with L-shaped slot and metamaterial for wireless applications," International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies, Vol. 10, No. 7, 826-834, 2018.

24. Pandeeswari, R. and S. Raghavan, "Broadband monopole antenna with split ring resonator loaded substrate for good impedance matching," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 56, No. 10, 2388-2392, 2014.

25. Arora, C., S. S. Pattnaik, and R. N. Baral, "SRR inspired microstrip patch antenna array," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 58, 89-96, 2015.

26. Rajeshkumar, V. and S. Raghavan, "SRR based polygon ring penta-band fractal antenna for GSM/WLAN/WiMAX/ITU band applications," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 57, No. 6, 1301-1305, 2015.

27. Elavarasi, C. and T. Shanmuganantham, "Multiband SRR loaded Koch star fractal antenna," Alexandria Engg. J., Vol. 57, No. 3, 1549-1555, 2018.

28. Ahmed, B.-H. and Nrnikman, "Fractal microstrip antenna with Minkowski island split ring resonator for broad band application," IEEE Int. RF and Micro. Conf., 2013, doi.org/10.1109/RFM.2013.6757252.

29. Hu, J.-R. and J.-S. Li, "Compact microstrip antennas using SRR structure ground plane," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 56, No. 1, 117-120, 2014.

30. Rajkumar, R. and K. Usha Kiran, "A metamaterial inspired compact open split ring resonator antenna for multiband operation," Wireless Personal Communications, Vol. 97, 951-965, 2017.

31. Rajeshkumar, V. and S. Raghavan, "A compact metamaterial inspired triple band antenna for reconfigurable WLAN/WiMAX applications," Int. J. Electron. Commun., Vol. 69, No. 1, 274-280, 2015.

32. Saraswat, R. K. and M. Kumar, "Miniaturized slotted ground UWB antenna loaded with metamaterial for WLAN and WiMAX applications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 65, 65-80, 2016.

33. Saraswat, R. K. and M. Kumar, "A vertex-fed hexa-band frequency reconfigurable antenna for wireless applications," International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, Vol. 29, No. 10, 1-13, 2019.

34. Liu, W. C., C. M. Wu, and Y. Dai, "Design of triple-frequency microstrip-fed monopole antenna using defected ground structure," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 59, No. 7, 2457-2463, 2011.

35. Balanis, C. A., Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, Wiley Inter Science, 2005.

36. Naqvi, A., M. S. Khan, and B. D. Braaten, "A frequency reconfigurable cylindrically shaped surface with cloaking-like properties," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 58, No. 6, 1323-1329, 2016.

37. Naqvi, S. A. and M. S. Khan, "Design of a miniaturized frequency reconfigurable antenna for rectenna in WiMAX and ISM frequency bands," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 60, No. 2, 325-330, 2018.

38., Computer simulation technology microwave studio (CST MWS), Retrieved from http://www.cst.co.

39. Alpha Industries, , ALPHA-6355 beamlead PIN diode, Data sheet 2014 [Online], Available: http://www.datasheetarchive.com/ALPHA/PINdiode6355-datasheet.html.

40. Kumar, Y. and S. Singh, "A compact multiband hybrid fractal antenna for multistandard mobile wireless application," Wireless Personal Communications, Vol. 84, 57-67, 2015.

41. Chen, H., J. Zhang, Y. Bai, Y. Luo, L. Ran, Q. Jiang, et al. "Experimental retrieval of the effective parameters of metamaterials based on a waveguide method," Opt. Express, Vol. 14, No. 26, 12944-12949, 2006.

42. Saha, C. and J. Y. Siddiqui, "Versatile CAD formulation for estimation of the resonant frequency and magnetic polarizability of circular split ring resonators," International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, Vol. 21, 432-438, 2011.

43. Smith, D. R., S. Schultz, P. Markos, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Determination of negative permittivity and permeability of metamaterials from reflection and transmission coefficients," Phys. Rev. B, Vol. 65, 195104-195109, 2002.

44. Saha, C. and J. Y. Siddiqui, "Versatile CAD formulation for estimation of the resonant frequency and magnetic polarizability of circular split ring resonators," International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, Vol. 21, 432-438, 2011.

45. Dwivedi, S. K., M. Kumar, and L. Tharani, "A rectangular SRR switched slotted microstrip patch for frequency diversity application," Wireless Personal Communications, Vol. 103, No. 4, 2863-2875, 2018.

Dr. Santosh Kumar Dwivedi

Prof. Mithilesh Kumar

Dr. Lokesh Tharani