Vol. 41
Latest Volume
All Volumes
PIERC 150 [2024] PIERC 149 [2024] PIERC 148 [2024] PIERC 147 [2024] PIERC 146 [2024] PIERC 145 [2024] PIERC 144 [2024] PIERC 143 [2024] PIERC 142 [2024] PIERC 141 [2024] PIERC 140 [2024] PIERC 139 [2024] PIERC 138 [2023] PIERC 137 [2023] PIERC 136 [2023] PIERC 135 [2023] PIERC 134 [2023] PIERC 133 [2023] PIERC 132 [2023] PIERC 131 [2023] PIERC 130 [2023] PIERC 129 [2023] PIERC 128 [2023] PIERC 127 [2022] PIERC 126 [2022] PIERC 125 [2022] PIERC 124 [2022] PIERC 123 [2022] PIERC 122 [2022] PIERC 121 [2022] PIERC 120 [2022] PIERC 119 [2022] PIERC 118 [2022] PIERC 117 [2021] PIERC 116 [2021] PIERC 115 [2021] PIERC 114 [2021] PIERC 113 [2021] PIERC 112 [2021] PIERC 111 [2021] PIERC 110 [2021] PIERC 109 [2021] PIERC 108 [2021] PIERC 107 [2021] PIERC 106 [2020] PIERC 105 [2020] PIERC 104 [2020] PIERC 103 [2020] PIERC 102 [2020] PIERC 101 [2020] PIERC 100 [2020] PIERC 99 [2020] PIERC 98 [2020] PIERC 97 [2019] PIERC 96 [2019] PIERC 95 [2019] PIERC 94 [2019] PIERC 93 [2019] PIERC 92 [2019] PIERC 91 [2019] PIERC 90 [2019] PIERC 89 [2019] PIERC 88 [2018] PIERC 87 [2018] PIERC 86 [2018] PIERC 85 [2018] PIERC 84 [2018] PIERC 83 [2018] PIERC 82 [2018] PIERC 81 [2018] PIERC 80 [2018] PIERC 79 [2017] PIERC 78 [2017] PIERC 77 [2017] PIERC 76 [2017] PIERC 75 [2017] PIERC 74 [2017] PIERC 73 [2017] PIERC 72 [2017] PIERC 71 [2017] PIERC 70 [2016] PIERC 69 [2016] PIERC 68 [2016] PIERC 67 [2016] PIERC 66 [2016] PIERC 65 [2016] PIERC 64 [2016] PIERC 63 [2016] PIERC 62 [2016] PIERC 61 [2016] PIERC 60 [2015] PIERC 59 [2015] PIERC 58 [2015] PIERC 57 [2015] PIERC 56 [2015] PIERC 55 [2014] PIERC 54 [2014] PIERC 53 [2014] PIERC 52 [2014] PIERC 51 [2014] PIERC 50 [2014] PIERC 49 [2014] PIERC 48 [2014] PIERC 47 [2014] PIERC 46 [2014] PIERC 45 [2013] PIERC 44 [2013] PIERC 43 [2013] PIERC 42 [2013] PIERC 41 [2013] PIERC 40 [2013] PIERC 39 [2013] PIERC 38 [2013] PIERC 37 [2013] PIERC 36 [2013] PIERC 35 [2013] PIERC 34 [2013] PIERC 33 [2012] PIERC 32 [2012] PIERC 31 [2012] PIERC 30 [2012] PIERC 29 [2012] PIERC 28 [2012] PIERC 27 [2012] PIERC 26 [2012] PIERC 25 [2012] PIERC 24 [2011] PIERC 23 [2011] PIERC 22 [2011] PIERC 21 [2011] PIERC 20 [2011] PIERC 19 [2011] PIERC 18 [2011] PIERC 17 [2010] PIERC 16 [2010] PIERC 15 [2010] PIERC 14 [2010] PIERC 13 [2010] PIERC 12 [2010] PIERC 11 [2009] PIERC 10 [2009] PIERC 9 [2009] PIERC 8 [2009] PIERC 7 [2009] PIERC 6 [2009] PIERC 5 [2008] PIERC 4 [2008] PIERC 3 [2008] PIERC 2 [2008] PIERC 1 [2008]
2013-07-11
Candidate for Tissue Mimicking Material Made of an Epoxy Matrix Loaded with Alginate Microspheres
By
Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 41, 227-238, 2013
Abstract
We present a new composite material containing calcium alginate microspheres incorporated into an epoxy matrix. The new material is mechanically stable and does not degrade over time. Its di-electric properties are extracted by model calculations and compared to the properties of some selected human tissues. Good agreement is observed, which identi es the proposed composite material as a good candidate for the use as a phantom material. The presented material is a two component composite and it is shown how its effective properties can be predicted by using appropriate mixing formulas.
Citation
Irena Zivkovic, Redouan Mahou, Klaus Scheffler, and Christine Wandrey, "Candidate for Tissue Mimicking Material Made of an Epoxy Matrix Loaded with Alginate Microspheres," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 41, 227-238, 2013.
doi:10.2528/PIERC13060908
References

1. Madsen, E. L., E. Kelly-Fry, and G. R. Frank, "Anthropomorphic phantoms for assessing systems used in ultrasound imaging of the compressed breast," Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology, Vol. 14, 183-201, 1988.
doi:10.1016/0301-5629(88)90061-0

2. Surry, K. J. M., H. J. B. Austin, A. Fenster, and T. M. Peters, "Poly (vinyl alcohol) cryogel phantoms for use in ultrasound and MR imaging," Physics in Medicine and Biology, Vol. 49, 5529-5546, 2004.
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/49/24/009

3. Fong, M. P., D. C. Keil, M. D. Does, and J. C. Gore, "Polymer gels for magnetic resonance imaging of radiation dose distributions at normal room atmosphere," Physics in Medicine and Biology, Vol. 46, 3105-3113, 2001.
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/46/12/303

4. Davis, S. K., H. Tandradinata, S. C. Hagness, and B. D. Van Veen, "Ultrawideband microwave breast cancer detection: A detection-theoretic approach using the generalized likelihood ratio test," IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 52, 1237-1250, 2005.
doi:10.1109/TBME.2005.847528

5. Fukunaga, K., K. S. Watanabe, and Y. Yamanaka, "Dielectric properties of tissue-equivalent liquids and their effects on specific absorption rate," IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 46, 126-129, 2004.

6. Fukunaga, K., S. Watanabe, H. Asou, and K. Sato, "Dielectric properties of non-toxic tissue-equivalent liquids for radiowave safety tests," 2005 IEEE International Conference Dielectric Liquids, Vol. 26, 425-428, 2005.

7. Chang, J. T., M. W. Fanning, P. M. Meaney, and K. D. Paulsen, "A conductive plastic for simulating biological tissue at microwave frequencies," IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Vol. 42, 76-81, 2000.
doi:10.1109/15.831707

8. Youngs, I. J., A. S. Treen, G. Fixter, and S. Holden, "Design of solid broadband human tissue simulant materials," IEE Proceedings Science, Measurements and Technology, Vol. 149, 323-328, 2002.
doi:10.1049/ip-smt:20020647

9. Gabriel, C., "Tissue equivalent material for hand phantoms," Physics in Medicine and Biology, Vol. 52, 4205-4210, 2007.
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/52/14/012

10. Nikawa, Y., M. Chino, and K. Kikuchi, "Soft and dry phantom modeling material using silicone rubber with carbon fiber," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 44, 1949-1953, 1996.
doi:10.1109/22.539954

11. Lazebnik, M., E. L. Madsen, G. R. Frank, and S. C. Hagness, "Tissue-mimicking phantom materials for narrowband and ultrawideband microwave applications," Physics in Medicine and Biology, Vol. 50, 4245-4258, 2005.
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/50/18/001

12. Mazzara, G. P., R. W. Briggs, Z. Wu, and B. G. Steinbach, "Use of a modified polysaccharide gel in developing a realistic breast phantom for MRI," Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Vol. 14, 639-648, 1996.
doi:10.1016/0730-725X(96)00054-9

13. Kato, H., M. Hiraoka, and T. Ishida, "An agar phantom for hyperthermia," Medical Physics, Vol. 13, 396-398, 1986.
doi:10.1118/1.595882

14. Robinson, M. P., M. J. Richardson, J. L. Greent, and A. W. Preece, "New materials for dielectric simulation of tissues," Physics in Medicine and Biology, Vol. 36, 1565-1571, 1991.
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/36/12/002

15. Mitchell, M. D., H. L. Kundel, L. Axel, and P. M. Joseph, "Agarose as a tissue equivalent phantom material for NMR imaging," Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Vol. 4, 263-266, 1986.
doi:10.1016/0730-725X(86)91068-4

16. In, E., H. E. Naguib, and M. Haider, "Fabrication and characterization of polymer gel for MRI phantom with embedded lesion particles," Proceeding of SPIE, Vol. 8348, 2012.

17. Freed, M., J. A. de Zwart, J. T. Loud, R. H. E. Khouli, K. J. Myers, M. H. Greene, J. H. Duyn, and A. Badano, "An anthropomorphic phantom for quantitative evaluation of breast MRI," Medical Physics, Vol. 38, 743-753, 2011.
doi:10.1118/1.3533899

18. Sunaga, T., H. Ikehira, S. Furukawa, M. Tamura, E. Yoshitome, T. Obata, H. Shinkai, S. Tanada, H. Murata, and Y. Sasaki, "Development of a dielectric equivalent gel for better impedance matching for human skin," Bioelectromagnetics, Vol. 24, 214-217, 2003.
doi:10.1002/bem.10080

19. Zivkovic, I., C. Wandrey, and B. Bogicevic, "Alginate beads and epoxy resin composites as candidates for microwave absorbers," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 28, 127-142, 2012.
doi:10.2528/PIERC12021308

20. Zivkovic, I. and A. Murk, "Free-space transmission method for the characterization of dielectric and magnetic materials at microwave frequencies," Microwave Materials Characterization, 73-90, InTech, Rijeka, Croatia, 2012.

21. Leonard, J. B., K. R. Foster, and T. W. Athey, "Thermal properties of tissue equivalent phantom materials," IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 31, 533-536, 1984.
doi:10.1109/TBME.1984.325296

22. Bini, M., A. Ignesti, L. Millanta, R. Olmi, N. Rubino, and R. Vanni, "The polyacrylamide as a phantom material for electromagnetic hyperthermia studies," IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 31, 317-322, 1984.
doi:10.1109/TBME.1984.325271

23. Hartsgrove, G., A. Kraszewski, and A. Surowiec, "Simulated biological materials for electromagnetic radiation absorption studies," Bioelectromagnetics, Vol. 8, 29-36, 1987.
doi:10.1002/bem.2250080105

24. Kanda, M. Y., M. Ballen, S. Salins, C. K. Chou, and Q. Balzano, "Formulation and characterisation of tissue equivalent liquids used for RF densitometry and dosimetry measurements," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 52, 2046-2056, 2004.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2004.832001

25. Lopresto, V., R. Pinto, R. Lodato, G. A. Lovisolo, and M. Cavagnaro, "Design and realization of tissue-equivalent ielectric simulators for dosimetric studies on microwave antennas for interstitial ablation," Physica Medica, Vol. 28, 245-253, 2012.
doi:10.1016/j.ejmp.2011.09.001

26. Kiley, E. M., V. V. Yakovlev, K. Ishizaki, and S. Vaucher, "Applicability study of classical and contemporary models for effective complex permittivity of metal powders," Journal of Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy, Vol. 46, 2012.

27. Sihvola, A., Electromagnetic Mixing Formulas and Applications, IEE Electromagnetic Waves Series, Vol. 47, TJ International, UK, 1999.
doi:10.1049/PBEW047E

28. Merrill, W. M., R. E. Diaz, M. M. Lore, M. C. Squires, and N. G. Alexopoulos, "Effective medium theories for artificial materials composed of multiple sizes of spherical inclusions in a host continuum," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 47, 142-148, 1999.
doi:10.1109/8.753004

29. Yang, R. B., S. D. Hsu, and C. K. Lin, "Frequency-dependent complex permittivity and permeability of iron-based powders in 2-18 GHz," Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 105, 2009.

30. Gabriel, S., R. W. Lau, and C. Gabriel, "The dielectric properties of biological tissues: III. Parametric models for the dielectric spectrum of tissues," Physics in Medicine and Biology, Vol. 41, 2271-2293, 1996.
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/41/11/003