Vol. 43
Latest Volume
All Volumes
PIERC 150 [2024] PIERC 149 [2024] PIERC 148 [2024] PIERC 147 [2024] PIERC 146 [2024] PIERC 145 [2024] PIERC 144 [2024] PIERC 143 [2024] PIERC 142 [2024] PIERC 141 [2024] PIERC 140 [2024] PIERC 139 [2024] PIERC 138 [2023] PIERC 137 [2023] PIERC 136 [2023] PIERC 135 [2023] PIERC 134 [2023] PIERC 133 [2023] PIERC 132 [2023] PIERC 131 [2023] PIERC 130 [2023] PIERC 129 [2023] PIERC 128 [2023] PIERC 127 [2022] PIERC 126 [2022] PIERC 125 [2022] PIERC 124 [2022] PIERC 123 [2022] PIERC 122 [2022] PIERC 121 [2022] PIERC 120 [2022] PIERC 119 [2022] PIERC 118 [2022] PIERC 117 [2021] PIERC 116 [2021] PIERC 115 [2021] PIERC 114 [2021] PIERC 113 [2021] PIERC 112 [2021] PIERC 111 [2021] PIERC 110 [2021] PIERC 109 [2021] PIERC 108 [2021] PIERC 107 [2021] PIERC 106 [2020] PIERC 105 [2020] PIERC 104 [2020] PIERC 103 [2020] PIERC 102 [2020] PIERC 101 [2020] PIERC 100 [2020] PIERC 99 [2020] PIERC 98 [2020] PIERC 97 [2019] PIERC 96 [2019] PIERC 95 [2019] PIERC 94 [2019] PIERC 93 [2019] PIERC 92 [2019] PIERC 91 [2019] PIERC 90 [2019] PIERC 89 [2019] PIERC 88 [2018] PIERC 87 [2018] PIERC 86 [2018] PIERC 85 [2018] PIERC 84 [2018] PIERC 83 [2018] PIERC 82 [2018] PIERC 81 [2018] PIERC 80 [2018] PIERC 79 [2017] PIERC 78 [2017] PIERC 77 [2017] PIERC 76 [2017] PIERC 75 [2017] PIERC 74 [2017] PIERC 73 [2017] PIERC 72 [2017] PIERC 71 [2017] PIERC 70 [2016] PIERC 69 [2016] PIERC 68 [2016] PIERC 67 [2016] PIERC 66 [2016] PIERC 65 [2016] PIERC 64 [2016] PIERC 63 [2016] PIERC 62 [2016] PIERC 61 [2016] PIERC 60 [2015] PIERC 59 [2015] PIERC 58 [2015] PIERC 57 [2015] PIERC 56 [2015] PIERC 55 [2014] PIERC 54 [2014] PIERC 53 [2014] PIERC 52 [2014] PIERC 51 [2014] PIERC 50 [2014] PIERC 49 [2014] PIERC 48 [2014] PIERC 47 [2014] PIERC 46 [2014] PIERC 45 [2013] PIERC 44 [2013] PIERC 43 [2013] PIERC 42 [2013] PIERC 41 [2013] PIERC 40 [2013] PIERC 39 [2013] PIERC 38 [2013] PIERC 37 [2013] PIERC 36 [2013] PIERC 35 [2013] PIERC 34 [2013] PIERC 33 [2012] PIERC 32 [2012] PIERC 31 [2012] PIERC 30 [2012] PIERC 29 [2012] PIERC 28 [2012] PIERC 27 [2012] PIERC 26 [2012] PIERC 25 [2012] PIERC 24 [2011] PIERC 23 [2011] PIERC 22 [2011] PIERC 21 [2011] PIERC 20 [2011] PIERC 19 [2011] PIERC 18 [2011] PIERC 17 [2010] PIERC 16 [2010] PIERC 15 [2010] PIERC 14 [2010] PIERC 13 [2010] PIERC 12 [2010] PIERC 11 [2009] PIERC 10 [2009] PIERC 9 [2009] PIERC 8 [2009] PIERC 7 [2009] PIERC 6 [2009] PIERC 5 [2008] PIERC 4 [2008] PIERC 3 [2008] PIERC 2 [2008] PIERC 1 [2008]
2013-08-23
A Robust Direct Data Domain Least Squares Beamforming with Sparse Constraint
By
Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 43, 53-65, 2013
Abstract
A robust direct data domain least squares (D3LS) beamforming algorithm that is capable of reducing the sidelobe level of the beam pattern is presented. By exploiting the sparsity of the desired beam pattern, the proposed method can enhance the performance with its lower sidelobe level and deeper null for interference while the robustness against steering vector mismatch is increased when a proper regularization parameter is selected. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Citation
Ping Zhang, Jun Li, Ai Zhi Zhou, Hong Bo Xu, and Jian Bi, "A Robust Direct Data Domain Least Squares Beamforming with Sparse Constraint," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 43, 53-65, 2013.
doi:10.2528/PIERC13052605
References

1. Sarkar, T. K., M. Wicks, M. Salazar-Palma, and R. Bonneau, Smart Antennas, Wiley, New York, 2003.
doi:10.1002/0471722839

2. Burintramart, S., T. K. Sarkar, Y. Zhang, and M. C. Wicks, "Performance comparison between statistical-based and direct data domain STAPs," IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 1421-1424, Jul. 2006.

3. Sarkar, T. K. and J. Koh, "A pragmatic approach to adaptive antennas," IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Vol. 42, No. 2, 39-55, Apr. 2000.
doi:10.1109/74.842124

4. Sarkar, T. K., H. Schwarzlander, S. Choi, M. S. Palma, and M. C. Wicks, "Stochastic versus deterministic models in the analysis of communication systems," IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Vol. 44, No. 4, 40-50, Aug. 2002.
doi:10.1109/MAP.2002.1043146

5. Capon, J., "High-resolution frequency-wavenumber spectrum analysis," Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 57, No. 8, 1408-1418, Aug. 1969.
doi:10.1109/PROC.1969.7278

6. Sarkar, T. K. and N. Sangruji, "An adaptive nulling system for a narrow-band signal with a look-direction constraint utilizing the conjugate gradient method," IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 37, No. 7, 940-944, Jul. 1989.
doi:10.1109/8.29389

7. Sarkar, T. K., S. Park, J. Koh, and R. A. Schneible, "A deterministic least squares approach to adaptive antennas," Digital Signal Processing, Vol. 6, No. 3, 185-194, Jul. 1996.
doi:10.1006/dspr.1996.0020

8. Adve, R. S. and T. K. Sarkar, "Compensation for the effects of mutual coupling on direct data domain adaptive algorithms," IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 48, No. 1, 86-94, Jan. 2000.
doi:10.1109/8.827389

9. Sarkar, T. K., H. Wang, S. Park, R. Adve, J. Koh, K. Kim, Y. Zhang, M. C. Wicks, and R. D. Brown, "A deterministic least-squares approach to space-time adaptive processing (STAP)," IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 49, No. 1, 91-103, Jan. 2001.
doi:10.1109/8.910535

10. Madurasinghe, D. and P. E. Berry, "Pre-Doppler direct data domain approach to STAP," Signal Processing, Vol. 85, No. 10, 1907-1920, Oct. 2005.
doi:10.1016/j.sigpro.2005.01.014

11. Choi, W.-S. and T. K. Sarkar, "Phase-only adaptive processing based on a direct data domain least squares approach using the conjugate method," IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 52, No. 12, 3265-3272, Dec. 2004.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2004.836410

12. Choi, W., T. K. Sarkar, H. Wang, and E. L. Mokole, "Adaptive processing using real weights based on a direct data domain least squares approach," IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 54, No. 1, 182-190, Jan. 2006.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2005.859753

13. Yilmaz, M., N. Yilmazer, S. Bhumkar, and H. Liu, "A two-step optimization of the centro-hermitian form in direct data domain least squares approach," 2010 IEEE International Conference on SMC, 3801-3806, Oct. 2010, ISSN.1062-922X.

14. Choi, W. and T. K. Sarkar, "Minimum norm property for the sum of the adaptive weights for a direct data domain least squares algorithm," IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 54, No. 3, 1045-1050, Mar. 2006.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2005.863150

15. Cristallini, D. and W. Burger, "A robust direct data domain approach for STAP," IEEE Trans. Signal Processing, Vol. 60, No. 3, 1283-1294, Mar. 2012.
doi:10.1109/TSP.2011.2176335

16. Madurasinghe, D., "Data domain beamforming with flexible adaptation," Electronics Letters, Vol. 40, No. 11, 697-698, May 2004.
doi:10.1049/el:20040457

17. Madurasinghe, D., "Adaptive multiple snapshot beamforming for the rejection of nonstationary and coherent interferers," Signal Processing and Its Applications, Vol. 2, 634-637, Aug. 1996.

18. Dai, L., R. Li, and Y. Wang, "A modified direct data domain least squares approach using a single snapshot," Image and Signal Frocessing, Vol. 1, 37-40, May 2008.

19. Sun, K., H. Meng, Y. Wang, and X. Wang, "Direct data domain STAP using sparse representation of clutter spectrum," Signal Processing, Vol. 91, No. 9, 2222-2236, Sep. 2011.
doi:10.1016/j.sigpro.2011.04.006

20. Gao, X. and M. Zhi, "An integrated direct data domain beamforming algorithm," Image and Signal Processing, Vol. 7, 3304-3307, Oct. 2010.

21. Grant, M., S. Boyd, and Y. Ye, "CVX users' guide for CVX version 2.0,", [online] accessible at: http://cvxr.com/cvx/doc/.

22. Zhang, Y., B. P. Ng, and Q. Wan, "Sidelobe suppression for adaptive beamforming with sparse constraint on beam pattern," Electronics Letters, Vol. 44, No. 10, 615-616, May 2008.
doi:10.1049/el:20080415

23. Li, J., H. Xu, H. Xia, F. Liu, and B. Li, "Least squares constant modulus blind adaptive beamforming with sparse constraint," IEICE Transactions on Communications, Vol. E95-B, No. 1, 313-316, Nov. 2012.
doi:10.1587/transcom.E95.B.313

24. Li, J., H. B. Xu, F. Liu, and Q. B. Zhao, "Robust least squares constant modulus beamforming with sparse constraint," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 26, No. 4, 459-467, 2012.
doi:10.1163/156939312800030677

25. Liu, Y. and Q. Wan, "Total difference based partial sparse LCMV beamforming," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 18, 97-103, 2010.
doi:10.2528/PIERL10092705

26. Liu, Y. and Q. Wan, "A robust beamforming based on weighted sparse constraint," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 16, 53-66, 2010.
doi:10.2528/PIERL10062308

27. Rao, B. D., K. Engan, S. F. Cotter, J. Palmer, and K. Kreutz-Delgado, "Subset selection in noise based on diversity measure minimization," IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Vol. 51, No. 3, 760-770, Mar. 2003.
doi:10.1109/TSP.2002.808076

28. Gorodnitsky, I. F. and B. D. Rao, "Sparse signal reconstruction from limited data using FOCUSS: A re-weighted minimum norm algorithm," IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Vol. 45, No. 3, 600-616, Mar. 1997.
doi:10.1109/78.558475

29. Sturma, J. F., "Using SeDuMi 1.02, a matlab toolbox for optimization over symmetric cones," Optimization Methods and Software, Vol. 11, No. 1-4, 625-653, 1999.
doi:10.1080/10556789908805766