volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

This paper proposes a rectifying antenna (rectenna) for operation in the ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) band centered at 2.45 GHz. It consists of a modified circular monopole loaded with a rectangular ring and a half-wave rectifier. Numerical and experimental data are reported and discussed. From measurements, it is demonstrated that, when the power density incident on the monopole is 155 μW/cm², the device here presented exhibits values of the RF-to-DC conversion efficiency higher than 30 % in the frequency range 2.35-2.5 GHz with a maximum of about 50 % at 2.45 GHz.

1. Takhedmit, H., B. Merabet, L. Cirio, B. Allard, F. Costa, C. Vollaire, and O. Picon, "A 2.45-GHz low cost and efficient rectenna," Proc. 4th Europ. Conf. on Antenn. and Propag., EuCAP 2010, Barcelona, Spain, 2010.

2. Monti, G., F. Congedo, D. De Donno, and L. Tarricone, "Monopole-based rectenna for microwave energy harvesting of UHF RFID systems," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 31, 109-121, 2012.

3. Congedo, F., G. Monti, L. Tarricone, and M. Cannarile, "Broad-band bowtie antenna for RF energy scavenging applications," Proc. 5th European Conf. on Antennas and Propag., EUCAP 2011, 335-337, Rome, Italy, 2011.

4. Monti, G. and F. Congedo, "UHF rectenna using a bowtie antenna," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 26, 181-192, 2012.
doi:10.2528/PIERC11102706

5. Riviere, S., F. Alicalapa, A. Douyere, and J.-D. Lan. Sun. Luk, "A compact rectenna device at low power level," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 16, 137-146, 2010.
doi:10.2528/PIERC10071604

6. Takhedmit, H., B. Merabet, L. Cirio, B. Allard, F. Costa, C. Vollaire, and O. Picon, "2.45-GHz dual-diode RF-to-DC rectifier for rectenna applications," Intern. Journ. of Microw. and Wireless Techn., Vol. 3, 251-258, 2011.
doi:10.1017/S1759078711000523

7. Harouni, Z., L. Cirio, L. Osman, A. Gharsallah, and O. Picon, "A dual circularly polarized 2.45-GHz rectenna for wireless power transmission," IEEE Antenn. and Wirel. Propag. Lett., Vol. 10, 306-309, 2011.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2011.2141973

8. Olgun, U., C.-C. Chen, and J. L. Volakis, "Low-profile planar rectenna for batteryless RFID sensors," Proc. IEEE Intern. Symp. on Antenn. and Propag., APSURSI 2010, Toronto, Canada, 2010.

9. Heikkinen, J. and M. Kivikoski, "A novel dual-frequency circularly polarized rectenna," IEEE Antenn. Wireless Propag. Lett., Vol. 2, 330-333, 2003.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2004.824166

10. Andia Vera, G., A. Georgiadis, A. Collado, and S. Via, "Design of a 2.45 GHz rectenna for electromagnetic (EM) energy scavenging," Proc. IEEE Radio and Wireless Symp., RWS 2010, 61-64, Barcelona, Spain, 2010.

11. Monti, G., L. Tarricone, and M. Spartano, "X-band planar rectenna," IEEE Antenn. and Wireless Propag. Lett., Vol. 10, 1116-1119, 2011.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2011.2171029

12. Monti, G., L. Corchia, L. Tarricone, T. Idda, F. Coccetti, and R. Plana, "Broadband compact planar monopole," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 53, No. 12, 2838-2842, 2011.
doi:10.1002/mop.26378

13. De Paolis, R., G. Monti, L. Tarricone, and M. V. De Paolis, "A compact coplanar-fed monopole for broadband applications," Proc. 5th Europ. Conf. on Antenn. and Propag., EuCAP 2011, 354-356, 2011.

14. Monti, G., L. Corchia, L. Valentino, and L. Tarricone, "Compact planar monopole for broad band applications," Proc. 4th Europ. Conf. on Antenn. and Propag., EUCAP 2010, 2010.

15. , , , http://www.cst.com/.

16. De Donno, D., A. Esposito, G. Monti, and L. Tarricone, "Iterative solution of linear systems in electromagnetics (and not only): Experiences with CUDA," Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinforma , 6586 LNCS, 329-337, 2011.

17. De Donno, D., A. Esposito, G. Monti, and L. Tarricone, "Efficient acceleration of sparse MPIE/MoM with graphics processing units," Proc. - 41st European Microw. Conf., European Microw. Week 2011: ''Wave to the Future", 175-178, 2011.

18. De Donno, D., A. Esposito, G. Monti, and L. Tarricone, "GPU-based acceleration of MPIE/MoM matrix calculation for the analysis of microstrip circuits ," Proc. 5th European Conf. on Antennas and Propag., EUCAP 2011, 3921-3924, 2011.
doi:10.1002/mop.25534

19. De Donno, D., A. Esposito, G. Monti, and L. Tarricone, "Parallel efficient method of moments exploiting graphics processing units," Microw. and Optical Techn. Lett., Vol. 52, No. 11, 2568-2572, 2010.
doi:10.1109/APS.2005.1552373

20. Catarinucci, L., G. Monti, and L. Tarricone, "A parallel-grid-enabled variable-mesh FDTD approach for the analysis of slabs of double-negative metamaterials," IEEE Antenn. and Propag. Society, AP-S Intern. Symp. (Digest), 782-785, 2005.
doi:10.1109/TIM.2008.2009199

21. Cataldo, A., G. Monti, E. De Benedetto, G. Cannazza, L. Tarricone, and L. Catarinucci, "Assessment of a TD-based method for characterization of antennas," IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, Vol. 58, No. 5, 1412-1419, May 2009.

22. Cataldo, A., E. De Benedetto, G. Cannazza, and G. Monti, "A reliable low-cost method for accurate characterization of antennas in time domain," Metrology and Measurement Systems, Vol. 15, No. 4, 571-583, 2008.

23. Cataldo, A., G. Monti, E. De Benedetto, G. Cannazza, L. Tarricone, and L. Catarinucci, "A comparative analysis of reflectometry methods for characterization of antennas," Proc. IEEE Instrum. Meas. Technol. Conf., 240-243, 2008.
doi:10.1109/TIM.2009.2014513

24. Cataldo, A., G. Monti, E. De Benedetto, G. Cannazza, and L. Tarricone, "A noninvasive resonance-based method for moisture content evaluation through microstrip antennas," IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, Vol. 58, No. 5, 1420-1426, 2009.

25. Cataldo, A., G. Monti, G. Cannazza, E. De Benedetto, L. Tarricone, and L. M. Cipressa, "A non-invasive approach for moisture measurements through patch antennas," Proc. of IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, 1012-1015, 2008.

26. , , , http://www.atceramics.com/.

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29. Mbombolo, S. E. F. and C. W. Park, "An improved detector topology for a rectenna," Microw. Workshop Series on Innovat. Wireless Power Transmission: Technologies, Systems, and Applicat. (IMWS), IEEE MTT-S Intern., 23-26, May 12-13, 2011.

30. De Donno, D., F. Ricciato, L. Catarinucci, and L. Tarricone, "Design and applications of a software-defined listener for UHF RFID systems," IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, Baltimore, MD, USA, June 2011.
doi:10.1109/TIM.2011.2174899

31. De Donno, D., L. Tarricone, L. Catarinucci, V. Lakafosis, and M. M. Tentzeris, "Performance enhancement of the RFID epc gen2 protocol by exploiting collision recovery," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 43, 53-72, 2012.

32. Catarinucci, L., D. De Donno, M. Guadalupi, F. Ricciato, and L. Tarricone , "Performance analysis of passive UHF RFID tags with GNU-radio," Proc. IEEE Intern. Symp. on Antennas and Propagation, APSURSI, 541-544, Spokane, WA, 2011.
doi:10.1002/mop.26777

33. De Donno, D., L. Catarinucci, R. Colella, F. Ricciato, and L. Tarricone, "Differential RCS and sensitivity calculation of RFID tags with software-defined radio," Proc. IEEE Radio and Wireless Symp., RWS, 9-12, Santa Clara, CA, 2012.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2009.2017296

34. Catarinucci, L., D. De Donno, R. Colella, F. Ricciato, and L. Tarricone, "A cost-effective SDR platform for performance characterization of RFID tags," IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, Vol. 61, No. 4, 903-911, 2012.
doi:10.2528/PIERL09042803

35. De Donno, D., F. Ricciato, L. Catarinucci, A. Coluccia, and L. Tarricone, "Challenge: Towards distributed RFID sensing with software-defined radio," Proc. Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, MOBICOM, 97-104, Chicago, IL, 2010.
doi:10.2528/PIERC10012606

36. , , , Ettus Research LLC, http://www.ettus.com.

37. Catarinucci, L., R. Colella, and L. Tarricone, "Design, development, and performance evaluation of a compact and long-range passive UHF RFID tag," Microw. and Optical Techn. Lett., Vol. 54, No. 5, 1335-1339, 2012.
doi:10.2528/PIERC12021104

38. Catarinucci, L., R. Colella, and L. Tarricone, "A cost-effective UHF RFID tag for transmission of generic sensor data in wireless sensor networks," IEEE Trans. on Microw. Theory and Techniques, Vol. 57, No. 5, 1291-1296, 2009.

39. Monti, G., L. Catarinucci, and L. Tarricone, "Compact microstrip antenna for RFID applications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 8, 191-199, 2009.
doi:10.1002/mop.24688

40. Monti, G., L. Catarinucci, and L. Tarricone, "Broad-band dipole for RFID applications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 12, 163-172, 2010.
doi:10.2528/PIER09052801

41. Congedo, F., G. Monti, and L. Tarricone, "Modified bowtie antenna for GPR applications," Proc. of the 13th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar, GPR 2010, 2010.

42. Monti, G., L. Corchia, and L. Tarricone, "Planar bowtie antenna with a reconfigurable radiation pattern," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 28, 61-70, 2012.

43. Monti, G., L. Catarinucci, and L. Tarricone, "Experimental validation of a plasma model for electromagnetic metal foam shields," IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, 145-148, 2009.

44. Monti, G. and L. Tarricone, "Signal reshaping in a transmission line with negative group velocity behavior," Microw. and Optical Techn. Lett., Vol. 51, No. 11, 2627-2633, 2009.

45. Monti, G. and L. Tarricone, "Negative group velocity in a split ring resonator-coupled microstrip line," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 94, 33-47, 2009.

46. Monti, G., L. Catarinucci, and L. Tarricone, "Metal foams for electromagnetic shielding: A plasma model," Proc. of Europ. Conf. on Antenn. and Propag., EuCAP 2009, 2123-2126, 2009.

47. Monti, G. and L. Tarricone, "Dispersion analysis of a negative group velocity medium with MATLAB," Applied Comput. Electromagnet. Society Journ., Vol. 24, No. 5, 478-486, 2009.

Dr. Giuseppina Monti

Dr. Laura Corchia

Dr. Luciano Tarricone