PIER | PIER Journals

2021-06-03

PIER

Vol. 170, 187-197, 2021

download: 1217

Optically Transparent Microwave Shielding Hybrid Film Composited by Metal Mesh and Graphene

Xin-Ran Wang, Xiao-Bai Wang, Hang Ren, Nan-Shu Wu, Jing-Wen Wu, Wen-Ming Su, Yin-Long Han and Su Xu

Transparent conducting materials with the ability of broadband electromagnetic shielding have a widespread range of applications in aerospace, medical equipment and electronic communications. Achieving enhanced electromagnetic shielding effect without sacrificing much optical transparency is the technical trend in both academia and industries. Here, we experimentally propose a flexible hybrid film constructed by nano-printing based metal meshes and a graphene coating for the transparent electromagnetic shielding application. Numerical analysis is carried out to investigate optimal balance between electromagnetic shielding and optical transparency. In the experiment, enhanced shielding ability of hybrid film is observed without excessively sacrificing optical transmittance, compared to the reference group (the case only with metal mesh). Our work provides a hybrid platform for the high-performance optically transparent shielding materials for electromagnetic environment safety protection.

OPTICALLY TRANSPARENT MICROWAVE SHIELDING HYBRID FILM COMPOSITED BY METAL MESH AND GRAPHENE

2021-05-13

PIER

Vol. 170, 169-176, 2021

doi:10.2528/PIER21050101

download: 1057

Directional Polaritonic Excitation of Circular, Huygens and Janus Dipoles in Graphene-Hexagonal Boron Nitride Heterostructures

Yuyu Jiang, Xiao Lin and Hongsheng Chen

Polariton assisted tunable directionality provides an intrinsic ingredient to various micro/nano integrated optical systems. Their capabilities of light manipulation in mesoscopic structures allow numerous beneficial properties in information processing. The realization of active near-field directionality by tuning the input signal of system bias is more preferable than that by reconfiguring the nanostructures. Recent progresses on the multiple hybrid dipole radiations ensure another methodology in realizing tunable directionality. Here we investigate some exotic near-field phenomena in a 5-layer waveguide consisted of graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) illuminated by hybrid dipole sources such as a Circular dipole, a Huygens dipole or a Janus dipole. We demonstrate divergent behaviors of hybrid polariton excitations subject to various source types and the tunability of switching between phonon-like polaritons and plasmon-like polaritons. We also show that the flipping of the group velocity of excited hybrid polaritons can be used to flexibly tune the transportation direction away from the dipolar sources. To be specific, when the group velocity of supported polariton flips its sign, the energy flow will shift to the opposite side accordingly. Such phenomena are promising in the design of reconfigurable and multifunctional nanophotonic devices.

DIRECTIONAL POLARITONIC EXCITATION OF CIRCULAR, HUYGENS AND JANUS DIPOLES IN GRAPHENE-HEXAGONAL BORON NITRIDE HETEROSTRUCTURES

2021-02-02

PIER

Vol. 170, 79-95, 2021

doi:10.2528/PIER20082001

download: 1515

High Efficiency Multi-Functional All-Optical Logic Gates Based on MIM Plasmonic Waveguide Structure with the Kerr-Type Nonlinear Nano-Ring Resonators

Yaw-Dong Wu

In this paper, high efficiency multi-functional all-optical logic gates based on a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) plasmonic waveguide structure with Kerr-type nonlinear nano-ring resonators are proposed. The proposed structure consists of three straight input ports, eight nano-ring resonators filled with the Kerr-type nonlinear medium, and one straight output port. By fixing the input signal power and properly changing the control power, it can be used to design high efficiency multi-functional all-optical logic gates. The numerical results show that the proposed Kerr-type nonlinear plasmonic waveguide structures could really function as all-optical XOR/NXOR, AND/NAND, and OR/NOR logic gates in the optical communication spectral region. The transmission efficiency of the high logic state is higher than 95%, and that of the low logic state is about 0% at the wavelength 1310nm. The performance of the proposed logic gates was analyzed and simulated by the finite element method (FEM).

HIGH EFFICIENCY MULTI-FUNCTIONAL ALL-OPTICAL LOGIC GATES BASED ON MIM PLASMONIC WAVEGUIDE STRUCTURE WITH THE KERR-TYPE NONLINEAR NANO-RING RESONATORS

2021-01-15

PIER

Vol. 170, 17-62, 2021

doi:10.2528/PIER20122108

download: 1508

Advanced Progress on Χ⁽³⁾ Nonlinearity in Chip-Scale Photonic Platforms (Invited Review)

Zhe Kang, Chao Mei, Luqi Zhang, Zhichao Zhang, Julian Evans, Yunjun Cheng, Kun Zhu, Xianting Zhang, Dongmei Huang, Yuhua Li, Jijun He, Qiang Wu, Binbin Yan, Kuiru Wang, Xian Zhou, Keping Long, Feng Li, Qian Li, Shaokang Wang, Jinhui Yuan, Ping-Kong Alexander Wai and Sailing He

χ⁽³⁾ nonlinearity enables ultrafast femtosecond scale light-to-light coupling and manipulation of intensity, phase, and frequency. χ⁽³⁾ nonlinear functionality in micro- and nano-scale photonic waveguides can potentially replace bulky fiber platforms for many applications. In this review, we summarize and comment on the progress on χ⁽³⁾ nonlinearity in chip-scale photonic platforms, including several focused hot topics such as broadband and coherent sources in the new bands, nonlinear pulse shaping, and all-optical signal processing. An outlook of challenges and prospects on this hot research field is given at the end.

ADVANCED PROGRESS ON Χ<SUP>(3)</SUP> NONLINEARITY IN CHIP-SCALE PHOTONIC PLATFORMS (INVITED REVIEW)

2021-01-21

PIER

Vol. 170, 63-78, 2021

doi:10.2528/PIER20122201

download: 1582

Computational Investigation of Nanoscale Semiconductor Devices and Optoelectronic Devices from the Electromagnetics and Quantum Perspectives by the Finite Difference Time Domain Method (Invited Review)

Huali Duan, Wenxiao Fang, Wen-Yan Yin, Erping Li and Wenchao Chen

In the simulation of high frequency nanoscale semiconductor devices in which electromagnetic (EM) fields and carrier transport are coupled, and optoelectronic devices in which strong interactions between EM fields and charged particles exist, both the Maxwell's equations and the time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE) need to be solved to capture the interactions between EM and quantum mechanics (QM). One of the numerical simulation methods for solving these equations is the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. In this review paper, the development of FDTD method applied in EM and QM simulation is discussed. Several widely used FDTD techniques, i.e., explicit, implicit, explicit staggered-time, and Chebyshev methods, for solving the TDSE are introduced and compared. The hybrid approaches based on FDTD method, which are used to solve the Poisson-TDSE and Maxwell-TDSE coupled equations for EM-QM simulation, are also discussed. Furthermore, the applications of these simulation methods for nanoscale semiconductor devices and optoelectronic devices are introduced. Finally, a conclusion is given.

COMPUTATIONAL INVESTIGATION OF NANOSCALE SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AND OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES FROM THE ELECTROMAGNETICS AND QUANTUM PERSPECTIVES BY THE FINITE DIFFERENCE TIME DOMAIN METHOD (INVITED REVIEW)

2021-01-14

PIER

Vol. 170, 1-15, 2021

doi:10.2528/PIER20112306

download: 1212

Designing Nanoinclusions for Quantum Sensing Based on Electromagnetic Scattering Formalism (Invited Paper)

Constantinos Valagiannopoulos

Quantum interactions between a single particle and nanoinclusions of spherical or cylindrical shape are optimized to produce scattering lineshapes of high selectivity with respect to impinging energies, excitation directions and cavity sizes. The optimization uses a rigorous solution derived via electromagnetic scattering formalism while the adopted scheme rejects boundary extrema corresponding to resonances that occur outside of the permissible parametric domains. The reported effects may inspire experimental efforts towards designing quantum sensing systems employed in applications spanning from quantum switching and filtering to single-photon detection and quantum memory.

DESIGNING NANOINCLUSIONS FOR QUANTUM SENSING BASED ON ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING FORMALISM (INVITED PAPER)

Featured Article

2021-06-03

PIER

Vol. 170, 177-186, 2021

doi:10.2528/PIER21043006

download: 1071

Surface Electromagnetic Waves at Gradual Interfaces Between Lossy Media

Igor I. Smolyaninov

A low loss propagating electromagnetic wave is shown to exist at a gradual interface between two lossy conductive media. Such a surface wave may be guided by a seafloor-seawater interface and it may be used in radio communication and imaging underwater. It should allow communication distances of the order of 500 m at 10 kHz along a sandy seabed. Similar surface waves may also be guided by various tissue boundaries inside a human body. For example, such surface wave solutions may exist at planar interfaces between skull bones and grey matter inside a human head at 6 GHz.

SURFACE ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AT GRADUAL INTERFACES BETWEEN LOSSY MEDIA

2021-05-11

PIER

Vol. 170, 153-167, 2021

doi:10.2528/PIER21031903

download: 955

An Efficient Method for Dimensioning Magnetic Shielding for an Induction Electric Vehicle Charging System

Karim Kadem, Fethi Benyoubi, Mohamed Bensetti, Yann Le Bihan, Eric Labouré and Mustapha Debbou

Recently, the number of electric vehicles (EVs) is increasing due to the declining of oil resources and rising of greenhouse gas emission. However, EVs have not received wide acceptance by consumers due to the limitations of the stored energy and charging problems in batteries. The dynamic or in motion charging solution becomes a suitable choice to solve the battery related issues. Many researchers and vehicle manufacturers are working to develop an efficient charging system for EVs which is based on magnetic emissions to transfer power. These emissions must be evaluated and compared to limits specified by standards (in and outside the vehicle) in order to not cause harmful effects on their environment (humans, pets, electronic devices...). This paper presents an efficient method for modeling electromagnetic emission in near field and sizing a magnetic shield for a wireless power transfer (WPT) system for EVs. A model based on elementary magnetic dipoles is developed in order to obtain the same radiation as the real WPT coil. This model is used to size a magnetic shield which will be placed under the vehicle to protect human body from magnetic emissions. The obtained shielding plate allows to respect the standards of magnetic emission by bringing a decrease of 43 dB to the levels of magnetic fields. This approach is experimentally validated.

AN EFFICIENT METHOD FOR DIMENSIONING MAGNETIC SHIELDING FOR AN INDUCTION ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING SYSTEM

2021-04-03

PIER

Vol. 170, 129-152, 2021

doi:10.2528/PIER21020702

download: 1066

L-Band Radar Scattering and Soil Moisture Retrieval of Wheat, Canola and Pasture Fields for SMAP Active Algorithms

Huanting Huang, Tien-Hao Liao, Seung Bum Kim, Xiaolan Xu, Leung Tsang, Thomas J. Jackson and Simon Yueh

Wheat, canola, and pasture are three of the major vegetation types studied during the Soil Moisture Active Passive Validation Experiment 2012 (SMAPVEX12) conducted to support NASA's Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission. The utilized model structure is integrated in the SMAP baseline active retrieval algorithm. Forward lookup tables (data-cubes) for VV and HH backscatters at L-band are developed for wheat and canola fields. The data-cubes have three axes: vegetation water content (VWC), root mean square (RMS) height of rough soil surface and soil permittivity. The volume scattering and doublebounce scattering of the fields are calculated using the distorted Born approximation and the coherent reflectivity in the double-bounce scattering. The surface scattering is determined by the numerical solutions of Maxwell equations (NMM3D). The results of the data-cubes are validated with airborne radar measurements collected during SMAPVEX12 for ten wheat fields, five canola fields, and three pasture fields. The results show good agreement between the data-cube simulation and the airborne data. The root mean squared errors (RMSE) were 0.82 dB, 0.78 dB, and 1.62 dB for HH, and 0.97 dB, 1.30 dB, and 1.82 dB for VV of wheat, canola, and pasture fields, respectively. The data-cubes are next used to perform the time-series retrieval of the soil moisture. The RMSEs of the soil moisture retrieval are 0.043 cm³/cm³, 0.082 cm³/cm³, and 0.082 cm³/cm³ for wheat, canola, and pasture fields, respectively. The results of this paper expand the scope of the SMAP baseline radar algorithm for wheat, canola, and pastures formed and provide a quantitative validation of its performance. It will also have applications for the upcoming NISAR (NASA-ISRO SAR Mission).

L-BAND RADAR SCATTERING AND SOIL MOISTURE RETRIEVAL OF WHEAT, CANOLA AND PASTURE FIELDS FOR SMAP ACTIVE ALGORITHMS

2021-02-05

PIER

Vol. 170, 97-128, 2021

doi:10.2528/PIER20121201

download: 1250

A Fine Scale Partially Coherent Patch Model Including Topographical Effects for GNSS-R DDM Simulations

Haokui Xu, Jiyue Zhu, Leung Tsang and Seung Bum Kim

In this paper, we propose a fine scale partially coherent patch model (FPCP) for GNSS-R land applications for soil moisture retrieval. The land surface is divided into coherent planar patches on which microwave roughness is superimposed. The scattered waves of the coherent patch are decomposed into the coherent specular reflection and diffuse incoherent scattering. A fine scale of 2 meter patch size is chosen for the coherent patch to be applicable to complex terrain with large varieties of topographical elevations and with small to large topographical slopes. The summation of scattered fields over patches is carried out using physical optics. The phase term of the scattered wave of each patch is kept so that correlation scattering effects among patches are accounted for. Results are illustrated for power ratio for areas near the specular point and areas far away from the specular point. Comparisons are made with the radiative transfer geometric optics model. DDM simulations are performed with good agreement with CYGNSS data.