volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

In wireless communication systems, a control signal (CS) plays a vital role in managing the connection between transmitters (Txs) and the user equipment (UEs). This work presents CSs for non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)-based on visible light communication (VLC) systems. Moreover, pairing schemes, successive interference cancellation (SIC), and load balancing are considered with the NOMA-VLC technique for enhancing the entire performance. The CSs, which are single tones or can be described as unmodulated signals, are exploited to estimate the channel between Txs and UEs, and to evaluate the amount of interference at each UE. Thus, a controller, which is employed to manage the connections between Txs and UEs, can balance the load between Txs based on the level of interference at each UE. Each Tx is allocated a unique CS, i.e. a single-tone frequency. A power measurement unit (PMU) is utilized at each UE for measuring the power of each CS. Therefore, the controller divides the UEs into small groups based on the feedback signals from the PMU, then each group is connected to one Tx. Besides, CSs are used to find the optimum number of UEs that can be served by each Tx with a particular data rate of 50 Mbps and with an acceptable error probability of 10^-6, by utilizing on-off keying (OOK) modulation scheme.

1. Yin, Liang, Wasiu O. Popoola, Xiping Wu, and Harald Haas, "Performance evaluation of non-orthogonal multiple access in visible light communication," IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. 64, No. 12, 5162-5175, 2016.

2. Sünnetci, Kubilay Muhammed and Mehmet Sönmez, "Variable pulse position modulation receivers for visible light communication systems without the knowledge of dimming level," Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, Vol. 33, No. 5, e4445, 2022.

3. Ali, Zain, Guftaar Ahmad Sardar Sidhu, Muhammad Waqas, and Feifei Gao, "On fair power optimization in nonorthogonal multiple access multiuser networks," Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, Vol. 29, No. 12, e3540, 2018.

4. Qian, Jiajia, Lisu Yu, Chaoliang Liu, Xinxin Lv, Yuhao Wang, and Zhenghai Wang, "Optimization design of RIS-assisted high-capacity visible light communications based on HDMA," Physical Communication, Vol. 58, 102056, 2023.

5. Aljohani, Mansourah K., Osama Zwaid Aletri, Khulood D. Alazwary, Mohamed O. I. Musa, Taisir E. H. El-Gorashi, Mohammed T. Alresheedi, and Jaafar M. H. Elmirghani, "NOMA visible light communication system with angle diversity receivers," 2020 22nd International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON), 1-5, IEEE, 2020.

6. Sadat, Hesham, Mohamed Abaza, Safa M. Gasser, and Hesham ElBadawy, "Performance analysis of cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access in visible light communication," Applied Sciences, Vol. 9, No. 19, 4004, 2019.

7. Kizilirmak, Refik Caglar, Corbett Ray Rowell, and Murat Uysal, "Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) for indoor visible light communications," 2015 4th International Workshop on Optical Wireless Communications (IWOW), 98-101, IEEE, 2015.

8. Dogra, Tanuja and Manoranjan Rai Bharti, "User pairing and power allocation strategies for downlink NOMA-based VLC systems: An overview," AEU --- International Journal of Electronics and Communications, Vol. 149, 154184, 2022.

9. Younus, Safwan Hafeedh, "Collaborative Transmitters management for multi‐user indoor VLC systems," Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, Vol. 32, No. 10, e4319, 2021.

10. Younus, Safwan Hafeedh, "Interference mitigation in multiuser WDM VLC systems using differential receiver," Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, Vol. 33, No. 9, e4512, 2022.

11. Ho, K.-P. and Joseph M. Kahn, "Methods for crosstalk measurement and reduction in dense WDM systems," Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 14, No. 6, 1127-1135, 1996.

12. Chatterjee, Sourish, Deblina Sabui, Gufran S. Khan, and Biswanath Roy, "Signal to interference plus noise ratio improvement of a multi-cell indoor visible light communication system through optimal parameter selection complying lighting constraints," Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, Vol. 32, No. 10, e4291, 2021.

13. Gu, Wenjun, Mohammadreza Aminikashani, Peng Deng, and Mohsen Kavehrad, "Impact of multipath reflections on the performance of indoor visible light positioning systems," Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 34, No. 10, 2578-2587, 2016.

14. Kahn, Joseph M. and John R. Barry, "Wireless infrared communications," Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 85, No. 2, 265-298, 1997.

15. Neumann, Alexander, Jonathan J. Wierer, Wendy Davis, Yoshi Ohno, Steve R. J. Brueck, and Jeffrey Y. Tsao, "Four-color laser white illuminant demonstrating high color-rendering quality," Optics Express, Vol. 19, No. 104, A982-A990, 2011.

16. Lee, Kwonhyung, Hyuncheol Park, and John R. Barry, "Indoor channel characteristics for visible light communications," IEEE Communications Letters, Vol. 15, No. 2, 217-219, 2011.

17. Chun, Hyunchae, Sujan Rajbhandari, Grahame Faulkner, Dobroslav Tsonev, Enyuan Xie, Jonathan James Donald McKendry, Erdan Gu, Martin D. Dawson, Dominic C. O'Brien, and Harald Haas, "LED based wavelength division multiplexed 10 Gb/s visible light communications," Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 34, No. 13, 3047-3052, 2016.

18. Younus, Safwan Hafeedh, Aubida A. Al-Hameed, Ahmed Taha Hussein, Mohammed Thamer Alresheedi, and Jaafar M. H. Elmirghani, "Parallel data transmission in indoor visible light communication systems," IEEE Access, Vol. 7, 1126-1138, 2018.

19. Leskovar, Branko, "Optical receivers for wide band data transmission systems," IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. 36, No. 1, 787-793, 1989.

20. Gfeller, F. and U. Bapst, "Wireless in-house data communication via diffuse infrared radiation, RZ 941 (32513)," Information Systems, Vol. 5, No. 3, 248, 1980.

21. Almohimmah, Esam M., Mohammed T. Alresheedi, Ahmad F. Abas, and Jaafar Elmirghani, "A simple user grouping and pairing scheme for non-orthogonal multiple access in VLC system," 2018 20th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON), 1-4, IEEE, 2018.

22. Al-Hameed, Aubida A., Safwan Hafeedh Younus, Ahmed Taha Hussein, Mohammed Thamer Alresheed, and Jaafar M. H. Elmirghani, "LiDAL: Light detection and localization," IEEE Access, Vol. 7, 85645-85687, 2019.

Dr. Safwan Hafeedh Younu

Dr. Mohamad A. Ahmed