volume | PIER Journals

2023-09-19

Structural and Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness of Carbon-Coated Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles Prepared via Hydrothermal Method

Nur Amirah Athirah binti Zaini,

Dr. Nur Amirah Athirah binti Zaini

Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology

Universiti Malaysia Pahang

Malaysia

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Iffah Zulaikha binti Azman,

Dr. Iffah Zulaikha binti Azman

Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology

Universiti Malaysia Pahang

Malaysia

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Ling Jin Kiong,

Dr. Ling Jin Kiong

Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology

Universiti Malaysia Pahang

Malaysia

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Jose Rajan,

Dr. Jose Rajan

Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology

Universiti Malaysia Pahang

Malaysia

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Muhammad Hafiz Mazwir,

Dr. Muhammad Hafiz Mazwir

Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology

Universiti Malaysia Pahang

Malaysia

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Mohamad Ashry Jusoh

Dr. Mohamad Ashry Jusoh

Faculty of Industrial Science & Technology

Universiti Malaysia Pahang

Malaysia

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Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 138, 1-12, 2023

doi:10.2528/PIERC23022301

Abstract

The rapid advancement of communication technology has led to an increase in electromagnetic interference (EMI), or electromagnetic (EM) pollution. This is a cause for concern, as EMI can disrupt communication services, damage electronic equipment, and pose health risks. Regulatory bodies are working to develop standards for the safe use of wireless devices, but the problem of EMI is likely to continue to grow as the number of Internet of Thing (IoT) devices continues to increase. To address this issue, this study investigated the effectiveness of carbon-coated cobalt ferrite nanoparticles as a potential material for electromagnetic shielding. The synthesis of cobalt ferrite (CoFe₂O₄) nanoparticles was successfully achieved using the co-precipitation method. Subsequently, a carbon coating was applied to the nanoparticles through a hydrothermal process using a 200 mL autoclave made of teflon-lined stainless steel. This process was carried out at a temperature of 180˚C for a duration of 12 hours, with a heating rate of 8˚C per minute. This study examined both uncoated and carbon-coated CoFe₂O₄ nanoparticles at various ratios of glucose to CoFe₂O₄ (1:1, 2:1, and 3:1) using techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and higher resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analysis. The XRD analysis revealed distinct and well-defined peaks corresponding to CoFe₂O₄, indicating the successful synthesis of the nanoparticles. The crystallite size of the uncoated CoFe₂O₄ nanoparticles was measured to be 11.47 nm, while for the carbon-coated CoFe₂O₄, the average crystallite size was determined to be 14.15 nm through XRD analysis. The results obtained from the FTIR analysis were consistent with previous reports and confirmed the formation of spinel CoFe₂O₄ nanoparticles, as suggested by published data. The morphological and structural properties of the prepared samples were further characterized using FESEM and HRTEM analysis, which demonstrated uniformity in both particle size distribution and morphology. Overall, the research findings indicated that the structure and properties of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles were significantly influenced by the carbon coating process. Notably, the optimum ratio of carbon to CoFe₂O₄ was found to be 2:1, which resulted in the highest carbon thickness. The electromagnetic properties of the samples were evaluated using a vector network analyzer (VNA) and measured S-parameters in the frequency range of 8.2 to 12.4 GHz, known as the x-band region, suitable for radar applications. The sample with a carbon ratio of 2:1 exhibited the highest total shielding effectiveness (SE) of -17 dB at approximately 10 GHz. As a conclusion, the carbon-coated CoFe₂O₄ nanoparticles showed promising potential as an effective material for shielding against electromagnetic wave pollution, particularly when the carbon coating and filler composition reached an optimal point. Additionally, the shielding effectiveness performance of the sample could be further enhanced by incorporating a conductive polymer as an auxiliary material.

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Nur Amirah Athirah binti Zaini, Iffah Zulaikha binti Azman, Ling Jin Kiong, Jose Rajan, Muhammad Hafiz Mazwir, and Mohamad Ashry Jusoh, "Structural and Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness of Carbon-Coated Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles Prepared via Hydrothermal Method," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 138, 1-12, 2023.
doi:10.2528/PIERC23022301

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