volume | PIER Journals

2014-08-18

Design and Implementation of a 3 X 3 Orthogonal Beam-Forming Network for Pattern-Diversity Applications

Guanxi Zhang,

Dr. Guanxi Zhang

National Key Laboratory of Antennas and Microwave Technology

Xidian University

China

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Bao-Hua Sun,

Dr. Bao-Hua Sun

Xidian University

China

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Li Sun,

Dr. Li Sun

National Laboratory of Science and Technology on Antennas and Microwaves

Xidian University

China

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Jian-Ping Zhao,

Dr. Jian-Ping Zhao

System Technology Research Dept., WN [Carrier Network BG]

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd

China

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Yang Geng,

Dr. Yang Geng

System Technology Research Dept., WN [Carrier Network BG]

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd

China

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Ruina Lian

Dr. Ruina Lian

National Laboratory of Science and Technology on Antennas and Microwaves

Xidian University

China

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Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 53, 19-26, 2014

doi:10.2528/PIERC14052801

Abstract

An orthogonal beam-forming network (BFN) is proposed for 4G pattern-diversity applications. Different from the traditional Butler beam-forming networks with 2^N orthogonal beams, the orthogonal BFN, composed of three 180° hybrids and a 90° phase shifter, provides three orthogonal beams. Design procedure of the orthogonal BFN based on the factorization of its transmission matrix is derived. Moreover, in order to implement the proposed orthogonal BFN with low insertion loss, a rat-race has been used to realize unequal power distribution between its two output ports. The measured scattering parameters of the orthogonal BFN are compared with the analytical and the simulated scattering parameters, validating the expected behavior. In addition, by varying the output power ratio of the non-equi-amplitude 180° hybrid, the performance of the orthogonal BFN is improved when the proposed orthogonal BFN is used in an antenna array.

Citation

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Guanxi Zhang, Bao-Hua Sun, Li Sun, Jian-Ping Zhao, Yang Geng, and Ruina Lian, "Design and Implementation of a 3 X 3 Orthogonal Beam-Forming Network for Pattern-Diversity Applications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 53, 19-26, 2014.
doi:10.2528/PIERC14052801

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