volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

In this paper, dielectric characteristics of female breast tissues were measured. Breast Tissues were mainly composed of fat, fibro-glandular and tumor. Measured tissues were directly extracted from mice and a rat just before the measurements to maintain the tissues as fresh as living ones before degeneration. This makes the measured results more accurate. Because the extracted tissues were very thin, they were measured by two methods using HP probe and a newly designed two-port sample holder. Numerical results for the two-port sample holder were obtained for both the forward and inverse problems. Dielectric properties of breast tissues were measured in the frequency range between 50 MHz and 5 GHz. We calculated the electrical constant with the measured data from the two-port sample holder. As a result of the measurement, the dispersion characteristics of the female breast tissues were fitted into the first Cole-Cole model.

1. Gabriel, S., R. W. Law, and C. Gabriel, "The dielectric properties of biological tissue: III. Parametric models for the dielectric spectrum of tissues," Phys. Med. Biol., Vol. 14, 2271-2293, 1996.
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/41/11/003

2. Vorst, V., A. Rosen, and Y. Kotsuka, RF/Microwave Interaction with Biological Tissues, Wiley, Hoboken, NJ, 2006.

3. Joines, W. T., Y. Zhang, C. Li, and L. Jirtle, "The measured electrical properties of normal and malignant human tissues from 50 to 900 MHz," Med. Phys., Vol. 21, No. 4, 547-550, 1994.
doi:10.1118/1.597312

4. Surowiec, A. J., S. S. Stuchly, J. R. Barr, and A. Swarup, "Dielectric properties of breast carcinoma and the surrounding tissues," IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., Vol. 35, No. 4, 257-263, 1988.
doi:10.1109/10.1374

5. Forster, K. R. and J. L. Schepps, "Dielectric properties of tumor and normal tissues at radio through microwave frequencies," J. Microwave Power, Vol. 16, No. 2, 47-54, 2001.

6. Chen, Y., I. J. Craddock, and P. Kosmas, "Feasibility study of lesion classification via contrast-agent-aided UWB breast imaging," IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., Vol. 57, No. 5, 1003-1007, May 2010.
doi:10.1109/TBME.2009.2038788

7. Mashal, A., B. Sitharaman, L. Xu, P. K. Avti, A. V. Sahakian, J. H. Booske, and S. C. Hagness, "Toward carbon-nanotube-based theranostic agents for microwave detection and treatment of breast cancer: Enhanced dielectric and heating response of tissue mimicking materials," IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., Vol. 57, No. 8, 1831-1834, Aug. 2010.
doi:10.1109/TBME.2010.2042597

8. Meaney, P. M., M. W. Fanning, T. Raynolds, C. J. Fox, Q. Fang, C. A. Kogel, S. P. Poplack, and K. D. Paulsen, "Initial clinical experience with microwave breast imaging in women with normal mammography," Acad. Radiol., Vol. 14, No. 2, 207-218, Feb. 2007.
doi:10.1016/j.acra.2006.10.016

9. Pedersen, P. C., C. C. Johnson, C. H. Durney, and D. G. Bragg, "Microwave re°ection and transmission measurements for pul-monary diagnosis and monitoring," IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., Vol. 25, No. 1, 40-48, Jan. 1978.
doi:10.1109/TBME.1978.326376

10. Blackham, D. V. and R. D. Pollard, "An improved technique for permittivity measurements using a coaxial probe," IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., Vol. 46, No. 5, 1093-1099, 1997.
doi:10.1109/19.676718

11., http://cp.literature.agilent.com/litweb/pdf/5091-6247EUS.pdf.
doi:10.1109/19.676718

12. Misra, D., "A quasistatic analysis of open-ended coaxial lines," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 35, No. 10, 925-928, 1987.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.1987.1133782

13. McLaughlin, B. L., et al. "Miniature open-ended coaxial probes for dielectric spectroscopy applications," J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., Vol. 40, 45-53, 2007.
doi:10.1088/0022-3727/40/1/S08

14. Xu, Y., et al. "Some calculation methods and universal diagrams for measurement of dielectric constants using open-ended coaxial probes," IEE Proc.-H, Vol. 138, No. 4, 1991.

15. Levine, H. R., et al. "Theory of the circular diffraction antenna," J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 22, 29-43, 1951.
doi:10.1063/1.1699816

16. Jarvis, J. B. and M. D. Janezic, "Analysis of a two-port °anged coaxial holder for shielding effectiveness and dielectric measurements of thin films and thin materials," IEEE Trans. Electromag. Compat., Vol. 38, No. 1, 67-70, 1996.
doi:10.1109/15.485697

Dr. Tae-Hong Kim

Dr. Jeong-Ki Pack