Vol. 20
Latest Volume
All Volumes
PIERC 150 [2024] PIERC 149 [2024] PIERC 148 [2024] PIERC 147 [2024] PIERC 146 [2024] PIERC 145 [2024] PIERC 144 [2024] PIERC 143 [2024] PIERC 142 [2024] PIERC 141 [2024] PIERC 140 [2024] PIERC 139 [2024] PIERC 138 [2023] PIERC 137 [2023] PIERC 136 [2023] PIERC 135 [2023] PIERC 134 [2023] PIERC 133 [2023] PIERC 132 [2023] PIERC 131 [2023] PIERC 130 [2023] PIERC 129 [2023] PIERC 128 [2023] PIERC 127 [2022] PIERC 126 [2022] PIERC 125 [2022] PIERC 124 [2022] PIERC 123 [2022] PIERC 122 [2022] PIERC 121 [2022] PIERC 120 [2022] PIERC 119 [2022] PIERC 118 [2022] PIERC 117 [2021] PIERC 116 [2021] PIERC 115 [2021] PIERC 114 [2021] PIERC 113 [2021] PIERC 112 [2021] PIERC 111 [2021] PIERC 110 [2021] PIERC 109 [2021] PIERC 108 [2021] PIERC 107 [2021] PIERC 106 [2020] PIERC 105 [2020] PIERC 104 [2020] PIERC 103 [2020] PIERC 102 [2020] PIERC 101 [2020] PIERC 100 [2020] PIERC 99 [2020] PIERC 98 [2020] PIERC 97 [2019] PIERC 96 [2019] PIERC 95 [2019] PIERC 94 [2019] PIERC 93 [2019] PIERC 92 [2019] PIERC 91 [2019] PIERC 90 [2019] PIERC 89 [2019] PIERC 88 [2018] PIERC 87 [2018] PIERC 86 [2018] PIERC 85 [2018] PIERC 84 [2018] PIERC 83 [2018] PIERC 82 [2018] PIERC 81 [2018] PIERC 80 [2018] PIERC 79 [2017] PIERC 78 [2017] PIERC 77 [2017] PIERC 76 [2017] PIERC 75 [2017] PIERC 74 [2017] PIERC 73 [2017] PIERC 72 [2017] PIERC 71 [2017] PIERC 70 [2016] PIERC 69 [2016] PIERC 68 [2016] PIERC 67 [2016] PIERC 66 [2016] PIERC 65 [2016] PIERC 64 [2016] PIERC 63 [2016] PIERC 62 [2016] PIERC 61 [2016] PIERC 60 [2015] PIERC 59 [2015] PIERC 58 [2015] PIERC 57 [2015] PIERC 56 [2015] PIERC 55 [2014] PIERC 54 [2014] PIERC 53 [2014] PIERC 52 [2014] PIERC 51 [2014] PIERC 50 [2014] PIERC 49 [2014] PIERC 48 [2014] PIERC 47 [2014] PIERC 46 [2014] PIERC 45 [2013] PIERC 44 [2013] PIERC 43 [2013] PIERC 42 [2013] PIERC 41 [2013] PIERC 40 [2013] PIERC 39 [2013] PIERC 38 [2013] PIERC 37 [2013] PIERC 36 [2013] PIERC 35 [2013] PIERC 34 [2013] PIERC 33 [2012] PIERC 32 [2012] PIERC 31 [2012] PIERC 30 [2012] PIERC 29 [2012] PIERC 28 [2012] PIERC 27 [2012] PIERC 26 [2012] PIERC 25 [2012] PIERC 24 [2011] PIERC 23 [2011] PIERC 22 [2011] PIERC 21 [2011] PIERC 20 [2011] PIERC 19 [2011] PIERC 18 [2011] PIERC 17 [2010] PIERC 16 [2010] PIERC 15 [2010] PIERC 14 [2010] PIERC 13 [2010] PIERC 12 [2010] PIERC 11 [2009] PIERC 10 [2009] PIERC 9 [2009] PIERC 8 [2009] PIERC 7 [2009] PIERC 6 [2009] PIERC 5 [2008] PIERC 4 [2008] PIERC 3 [2008] PIERC 2 [2008] PIERC 1 [2008]
2011-03-28
Measurement Method for Sensitivity Analysis of Proximity Sensor and Sensor Antenna Integration in a Handheld Device
By
Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 20, 255-268, 2011
Abstract
A method for measuring the sensitivity of a capacitive proximity sensor and an application using the sensor as a proximity detector in mobile phone antennas is presented. 2D sensor data plots were physically more exact for tuning sensor placement. 3D sensor data plots were suitable for sensor intensity comparison, highlighting sensor differences in multiple sensor applications and effects in sensor`s output due to shadowing mechanical objects. The antenna proximity sensor was measured and optimised with sensitivity measurements. In a PIFA application the antenna load could be detected from both sides and from above the antenna on a scale o 4.03•10-14 F to 4.33•10-14 F. The cases present all possible positions of holding a phone used in either the ``calling'' or ``browsing'' mode. The method and the application emphasise the physical sensitivity and electrical fields of the sensor. The characteristics can be further improved by using other sensor types, sensor data fusion and advanced imitation of multisensory spatial interaction by humans and animals.
Citation
Sami Myllymaki, Arttu Huttunen, Heli Jantunen, Markus Berg, and Erkki T. Salonen, "Measurement Method for Sensitivity Analysis of Proximity Sensor and Sensor Antenna Integration in a Handheld Device," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 20, 255-268, 2011.
doi:10.2528/PIERC11030404
References

1. Macaluso, E. and J. Driver, "Multisensory spatial interactions: A window onto functional integration in the human brain," Trends in Neurosciences, Vol. 28, 263-271, 2005.
doi:10.1016/j.tins.2005.03.008

2. Laschi, C., G. Asuni, E. Guglielmelli, G. Teti, R. Johansson, H. Konosu, Z. Wasik, M. C. Carrozza, and P. Dario, "A bioinspired predictive sensory-motor coordination scheme for robot reaching and preshaping ," Autonomous Robots, Vol. 25, No. 1-2, 85-101, 2008.
doi:10.1007/s10514-007-9065-4

3. Yamada, Y., T. Morizono, and Y. Umetani, "Highly soft viscoelastic robot skin with a contact object-location-sensing capability," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., Vol. 52, No. 4, 960-968, Aug. 2005.
doi:10.1109/TIE.2005.851654

4. Ohashi, E., T. Aiko, T. Tsuji, H. Nishi, and K. Ohnishi, "Collision avoidance method of humanoid robot with arm force," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., Vol. 54, No. 3, 1632-1641, Jun. 2007.
doi:10.1109/TIE.2007.894728

5. Tsuji, T., K. Ohnishi, and A. Sabanovic, "A controller design method based on functionality," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., Vol. 54, No. 6, 3335-3343, Dec. 2007.
doi:10.1109/TIE.2007.906175

6. Iwata, H. and S. Sugano, "Human-robot-contact-state identification based on tactile recognition," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., Vol. 52, No. 6, 1468-1477, Dec. 2005.
doi:10.1109/TIE.2005.858739

7. Norgia, M. and C. Svelto, "RF-capacitive proximity sensor for safety applications," IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, 1-4, May 2007.

8. Lee, H.-K., S.-I. Chang, and E. Yoon, "Dual-mode capacitive proximity sensor for robot application: Implementation of tactile and proximity sensing capability on a single polymer platform using shared electrodes," IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol. 9, No. 12, 1748-1755, Dec. 2009.
doi:10.1109/JSEN.2009.2030660

9. George, B., H. Zangl, T. Bretterklieber, and G. Brasseur, "A combined inductive-capacitive proximity sensor and its application to seat occupancy sensing ," IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, 13-17, May 2009.

10. Pelosi, M., O. Franek, M. B. Knudsen, M. Christensen, and G. F. Pedersen, "A grip study for talk and data modes in mobile phones," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 57, No. 4, 856-865, Apr. 2009.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2009.2014590

11. Krogerus, J., J. Toivanen, C. Icheln, and P. Vainikainen, "Effect of the human body on total radiated power and the 3-D radiation element of mobile handsets," IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, Vol. 56, 2375-2385, Dec. 2007.
doi:10.1109/TIM.2007.903591

12. Berg, M., M. Sonkki, and E. Salonen, "Experimental study of hand and head effects to mobile antenna radiation properties," Proc. 3rd Eur. Conf. on Antennas and Propagation, 437-440, Berlin, Germany, Mar. 23-27, 2009.

13. Li, C.-H., E. Ofli, N. Chavannes, E. Cherubini, H. U. Gerber, and N. Kuster, "Effects of hand phantom and different use elements on mobile phone antenna radiation performance," IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 1-4, Jul. 2008.

14. Ofli, E., C.-H. Li, N. Chavannes, and N. Custer, "Analysis and optimization of mobile phone antenna radiation performance in the presence of head and hand phantoms," Turk. J. Elec. Engin., Vol. 16, No. 1, 67-77, 2008.

15. Ranta, T. and R. Novak, "Antenna tuning approach aids cellular handsets," Microwaves & RF, Vol. 82, No. 92, Nov. 2008.

16. Komulainen, M., M. Berg, H. Jantunen, E. T. Salonen, and C. Free, "A frequency tuning method for a planar inverted-F antenna," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 56, 944-950, 2008.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2008.919200

17. Myllymaki, S., A. Huttunen, M. Berg, M. Komulainen, and H. Jantunen, "Method for measuring user-induced load on mobile terminal antenna," Electronics Letters, Vol. 45, No. 21, 1065-1066, Oct. 2009.
doi:10.1049/el.2009.1728

18. Myllymaki, S., A. Huttunen, V. K. Palukuru, H. Jantunen, M. Berg, and E. T. Salonen, "Capacitive recognition of the user's hand grip position in mobile handsets," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 22, 203-220, 2010.
doi:10.2528/PIERB10042007

19. Abu-Abed, A. S. and R. G. Lindquist, "Capacitive interdigital sensor with inhomogeneous nematic liquid crystal film," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 7, 75-87, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIERB08022901

20. García, J. G., J. G. Ortega, A. S. García, and S. S. Martínez, "Robotic software architecture for multisensor fusion system," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., Vol. 56, No. 3, 2009.