PIER Letters | PIER Journals

2010-11-15

PIER Letters

Vol. 18, 195-203, 2010

download: 339

Dual-Polarized Dielectric Resonator Antenna with High Isolation Using Hybrid Feeding Mechanism for WLAN Applications

Xiao-Ming Wang , Zibin Weng , Yong-Chang Jiao , Zheng Zhang and Fu-Shun Zhang

A dual-feed dual-polarized dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with high isolation is proposed in this paper. The high isolation is achieved by using two hybrid feeding mechanism: one port having an H-shaped aperture coupled feed and the other with two out-of-phase probe feeds. The antenna is designed to operate at around 5.2 GHz for WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) applications and experimental results show that it has more than 35 dB isolation over the entire impedance bandwidth. Good symmetric broadside radiation patterns with low cross polarizations are observed in the two principal planes, and in addition, the front-to-back (F/B) ratios for Port 1 and Port 2 are 10 and 18 dB, respectively.

DUAL-POLARIZED DIELECTRIC RESONATOR ANTENNA WITH HIGH ISOLATION USING HYBRID FEEDING MECHANISM FOR WLAN APPLICATIONS

2010-11-12

PIER Letters

Vol. 18, 187-194, 2010

doi:10.2528/PIERL10092001

download: 297

High Selectivity Dual-Mode Bandpass Filter with Source-Loaded Coupling

Xue-Shun Zhang , Yong-Jiu Zhao , Hong-Wei Deng , Lu Zhang and Wen Chen

In this letter, a novel high selectivity microstrip filter with source-loaded coupling is proposed using the dual-mode resonator. The resonator can generate one odd mode and one even mode in the desired band. The folded stepped-impedance open stub at the central plane can control the even mode resonant frequencies, whereas the odd mode ones are fixed. A transmission zero is created near the lower cut-off frequency due to the main path signal counteraction. Two additional transmission zeros attributed to source-loaded coupling are generated near the upper cut-off frequency and in the upper-stopband. A dual-mode filter prototype is simulated, fabricated and measured. The EM simulated and measured results are presented and excellent agreement is obtained.

HIGH SELECTIVITY DUAL-MODE BANDPASS FILTER WITH SOURCE-LOADED COUPLING

2010-11-07

PIER Letters

Vol. 18, 179-186, 2010

doi:10.2528/PIERL10091201

download: 376

Design of Compact Microstrip Low-Pass Filter with Ultra-Wide Stopband Using SIRs

Lei Wang , Hong-Chun Yang and Yang Li

A novel low-pass filter (LPF) is designed and fabricated based on stepped-impedance resonator (SIR). Semi-circles are used to reduce the size of the filter. The open-circuited stubs are used in the filter, and its simplified equivalent circuit is also proposed. The measured 3 dB cutoff frequency is 5.2 GHz with no more than 0.3 dB ripple level in the pass-band. From 5.5 to 14 GHz, the investigated LPF has a rejection level batter than 20 dB. Measured results show good agreement with simulated ones.

DESIGN OF COMPACT MICROSTRIP LOW-PASS FILTER WITH ULTRA-WIDE STOPBAND USING SIRS

2010-11-06

PIER Letters

Vol. 18, 165-177, 2010

doi:10.2528/PIERL10092011

download: 319

EMC Management: How to Compare Electromagnetic Environmental Measurements and Equipment Immunity Levels

Wilson Valente Junior , Matheus Hammes Amaral and Adroaldo Raizer

The straightforward comparison between electromagnetic environment measurements and immunity levels for industrial, scientific, and medical equipment has been used in the technical literature as an ordinary method to provide electromagnetic compatibility management within critical areas, such as hospital and industrial environments. This paper addresses a theoretical discussion concerning emission and immunity test features to focus the aforementioned problem. Finally, a more reliable comparison method is proposed, the environmental compatibility level definition, using analytical analysis and measurement results.

EMC MANAGEMENT: HOW TO COMPARE ELECTROMAGNETIC ENVIRONMENTAL MEASUREMENTS AND EQUIPMENT IMMUNITY LEVELS

2010-11-04

PIER Letters

Vol. 18, 155-163, 2010

doi:10.2528/PIERL10100301

download: 252

Analysis of Focal Region Fields of PEMC Gregorian System Embedded in Homogeneous Chiral Medium

Muhammad Qasim Mehmood and Muhammad Junaid Mughal

This paper presents the high frequency electromagnetic field expressions for perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC) Gregorian system. In this Gregorian system both the reflectors are PEMC and are embedded in homogenous chiral medium. Depending upon the values of chirality parameter (kβ) two cases are analyzed. In the first case, chiral medium supports positive phase velocity (PPV) for both the left circularly polarized (LCP) and right circularly polarized (RCP) modes. In the second case, chiral medium supporting PPV for one mode and negative phase velocity (NPV) for the other mode is taken into account. Since geometrical optics (GO) fails at the focal point, so Maslov's method is used to find the field expressions at the focal point. Field plots for different values of admittance (M) of the PEMC and the chirality parameter (kβ) are given in the paper.

ANALYSIS OF FOCAL REGION FIELDS OF PEMC GREGORIAN SYSTEM EMBEDDED IN HOMOGENEOUS CHIRAL MEDIUM

2010-11-02

PIER Letters

Vol. 18, 145-154, 2010

doi:10.2528/PIERL10091308

download: 321

Highly Integrated Miniature-Sized Single Sideband Subharmonic Ka-Band Up-Converter

Pramod K. Singh , Sarbani Basu , Wei-Chih Chien and Yeong-Her Wang

A highly integrated up-converter MMIC is presented for low cost and high performance Ka-band transmitter module application. The multiple functions of the up-converter, such as local oscillator (LO) amplifier, single sideband subharmonic mixer, LO bandstop filter, and three-stage RF amplifier, are integrated into a single chip. A proper circuit topology for the complete integrated circuit is selected to achieve the miniature chip size. The combination of lumped and microstrip lines are used to realize the compact sub-circuits. The layout of the circuit is optimized using electromagnetic (EM) simulations. The chip is fabricated in WIN 0.15 μm PHEMT technology on 4-mil GaAs substrate with a layout area of only 2.8 mm×0.8 mm (2.24 mm²). Measured conversion gain is 12±1 dB over 28-37 GHz for the LO pumping power of 0 dBm. The sideband and 2×LO suppressions are above 20 dBc. The 1 dB gain compression output power (P-1dB) is 12 dBm. LO to RF isolation is about 35 dB.

HIGHLY INTEGRATED MINIATURE-SIZED SINGLE SIDEBAND SUBHARMONIC KA-BAND UP-CONVERTER

2010-11-02

PIER Letters

Vol. 18, 135-143, 2010

doi:10.2528/PIERL10091307

download: 285

Wide-Band High Isolation Subharmonically Pumped Resistive Mixer with Active Quasi-Circulator

Wei-Chih Chien , Chih-Ming Lin , Chien-Hung Liu , Shih-Han Hung and Yeong-Her Wang

A novel subharmonically pumped resistive mixer (SHPRM) with a chip dimension of 0.8×0.81 mm² is fabricated through a standard 0.18-μm CMOS process. An impedance-transforming active quasi-circulator is monolithically integrated with an nMOS field-effect transistor (FET) to perform up-converter mixing while simultaneously enhancing all port isolation through a broadband operation. The design analysis of impedance-transforming active quasi-circulator is also presented for matching between circulator and resistive transistor. As shown in the measured results, the mixer exhibits a 9-14.5 dB conversion loss. All port-to-port isolations better than 16.5\,dB over a radio frequency (RF) of 10-20 GHz can be achieved.

WIDE-BAND HIGH ISOLATION SUBHARMONICALLY PUMPED RESISTIVE MIXER WITH ACTIVE QUASI-CIRCULATOR

2010-10-27

PIER Letters

Vol. 18, 125-134, 2010

doi:10.2528/PIERL10082202

download: 254

New Dual-Band Bandpass Filter with Compact SIR Structure

Jian-Kang Xiao and Hui-Fen Huang

New dual-band bandpass filters with compact coupling and sizes reduction are proposed by using split ring stepped-impedance resonators and two paths coupling. In the new design, split ring SIR and defected ground structure are applied not only to reduce filter size but also to improve the filter performances. The presented filters have advantages of compact and novel structures, miniaturization and dual-band with nicer performances such as high selectivity, low passband insertion losses and so on, and these performances are demonstrated by measurement. The new design may be quite useful in wireless communication systems.

NEW DUAL-BAND BANDPASS FILTER WITH COMPACT SIR STRUCTURE

2010-10-26

PIER Letters

Vol. 18, 115-124, 2010

doi:10.2528/PIERL10072105

download: 281

Tamm States of a Nonlinear Slab Sandwiched Between a Uniform Medium and a One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal

Zahra Eyni , Samad Roshan Entezar , Abdolrahman Namdar and Habib Tajalli

In this paper, the surface states (or so called Tamm states) of a nonlinear self-focusing slab sandwiched between a uniform medium and a one-dimensional photonic crystal has been investigated based on the first integral of nonlinear Helmholtz wave equation. The consider slabs can be a left-handed metamaterial or a conventional material. It is shown that the structure can support the Tamm states with two different transverse electric structure. In one kind, the surface waves has a hump at the surface of photonic crystal, and the other one has two humps. We reveal that in the case of self-focusing left-handed metamaterial slab, there is possibility for change of total flow's direction of surface waves by adjusting of the intensity of exciting electromagnetic field.

TAMM STATES OF A NONLINEAR SLAB SANDWICHED BETWEEN A UNIFORM MEDIUM AND A ONE-DIMENSIONAL PHOTONIC CRYSTAL

2010-10-25

PIER Letters

Vol. 18, 105-113, 2010

doi:10.2528/PIERL10082405

download: 238

Dual-Wideband Box-Shaped Antenna with a U-Shaped Slot

Li Jin , Xiao-Miao Zhang , Zhen Zhang , Rui Guan and Bo Yang

In this paper, a study on the dual-frequency box-shaped antenna is presented. With a 5-branch feeding strip and two plates of shorting strips, the antenna shows broadband and compact property. Then a U-shaped slot is etched for dual-band operation. Simulated and measured results all show that this antenna exhibits dual-wideband characteristic, covering several present wireless communication systems, such as GSM800/900 (824--960 MHz), WLAN11b (2.4--2.5 GHz), WiMax802.16 (2.5--2.7 GHz), and Bluetooth band (2.4--2.8 GHz). The simulated impedance bandwidth (2:1 VSWR) is 21.5% and 37.2% in the lower and higher band, ranging from 790MHz-980MHz and 2.3 GHz--3.35 GHz. Then details of the antenna are described and the prototype is fabricated and tested. A measured bandwidth of 19.8% and 38.9% in the two bands, ranging from 820 MHz--1000 MHz and 2.28 GHz--3.38 GHz, is observed, shown good agreement with simulated results. Moreover, the antenna has a coaxial feed with a compact size of 0.27λ×0.22λ×0.036λ (λ is the wavelength referenced to the lowest edge of the operating band 820 MHz).

DUAL-WIDEBAND BOX-SHAPED ANTENNA WITH A U-SHAPED SLOT

2010-10-22

PIER Letters

Vol. 18, 97-103, 2010

doi:10.2528/PIERL10092705

download: 322

Total Difference Based Partial Sparse Lcmv Beamformer

Yipeng Liu and Qun Wan

Recent research demonstrates that sparse beam pattern constraint can suppress the sidelobe level of the linear constraint minimum variance beamformer. Here we improve the standard beam pattern by replacing it with a combination of a total difference minimization constraint on the mainlobe and a standard C₁ norm minimization constraint on the sidelobe. As the new constraint matches the practical beam pattern better, the sidelobe level is further suppressed, while the robustness against the mismatch between the steering angle and the direction of arrival (DOA) of the desired signal, is maintained.

TOTAL DIFFERENCE BASED PARTIAL SPARSE LCMV BEAMFORMER

2010-10-21

PIER Letters

Vol. 18, 85-95, 2010

doi:10.2528/PIERL10083104

download: 237

Probe-Fed Patch Antenna with an Inclined Patch for on-Wall WLAN Access Point

Yung-Tao Liu

A probe-fed air-substrate patch antenna with an inclined radiating patch for generating a downtilt main beam for WLAN operation in an on-wall access point is presented. The proposed antenna has a simple structure and consists of two major parts: an L-shaped ground plane and an inclined radiating patch, which is easy to implement. Constructed prototypes suitable for operating in the 2.4 GHz WLAN band are demonstrated. Results indicate that, simply by varying the inclination angle of the radiating patch, a downtilt main beam with a wide range of downtilt angles can be achieved. In addition, by selecting the proper inclination angle of the radiating patch, the proposed antenna shows a narrower 3-dB beamwidth in the elevation plane, resulting in an enhanced antenna gain, which is very suitable for on-wall 2.4 GHz WLAN access point applications. Details of the proposed antenna design are described, and experimental and simulation results are presented.

PROBE-FED PATCH ANTENNA WITH AN INCLINED PATCH FOR ON-WALL WLAN ACCESS POINT

2010-10-21

PIER Letters

Vol. 18, 71-84, 2010

doi:10.2528/PIERL10061301

download: 314

Nucleation and Growth Behaviors of Primary Phase in Al-Cu Hypereutectic Alloy in High Magnetic Fields

Chuanjun Li , Zhongming Ren , Weili Ren , Yuqin Wu , Yunbo Zhong and Kang Deng

The nucleation and growth of primary Al₂Cu phase in the Al-34.3wt%Cu hypereutectic alloy without and with a 12 T magnetic fields have been investigated by differential thermal analysis (DTA). The DTA curves indicated that the nucleation temperature of primary phase was significantly reduced in a magnetic field. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed that the c-axes of primary Al₂Cu crystals oriented along the direction parallel to a magnetic field. The microstructures showed that primary crystals aligned along a magnetic field and that their number distinctly increased with increasing a magnetic field as well. The suppression of nucleation in a magnetic could be caused by the increase of the interfacial energy between the liquid and nucleus and the reduction of atom diffusion rates while the orientation of primary crystals were mainly attributed to both of the magnetic toque and the thermoelectric magnetohydrodynamic (TEMHD) flows.

NUCLEATION AND GROWTH BEHAVIORS OF PRIMARY PHASE IN AL-CU HYPEREUTECTIC ALLOY IN HIGH MAGNETIC FIELDS

2010-10-12

PIER Letters

Vol. 18, 61-69, 2010

doi:10.2528/PIERL10080101

download: 270

CPW-Fed Square Slot Antenna with Lightening-Shaped Feedline for Broadband Circularly Polarized Radiation

Wen Liao and Qing-Xin Chu

A new broadband circularly polarized (CP) square slot antenna is evaluated numerically and verified experimentally. The proposed antenna uses a lightening-shaped feedline protruded from the signal line of the feeding coplanar waveguide (CPW). Two symmetrical F-shaped slits embedded in opposite corners of ground plane are designed to obtain an excellent CP bandwidth. By adjusting the dimensions of the lightening-shaped feedline, the CP bandwidth can be further enhanced. Measured results show that the 3-dB axial-ratio bandwidth of the proposed antenna can reach 51.7% (2150 MHz-3650 MHz), and the impedance bandwidth is as large as 60.2% (2150 MHz--4000 MHz) with VSWR ≤ 2. Measured results are in good agreement with the simulation. The proposed antenna can be easily fabricated because of the simple coplanar geometry.

CPW-FED SQUARE SLOT ANTENNA WITH LIGHTENING-SHAPED FEEDLINE FOR BROADBAND CIRCULARLY POLARIZED RADIATION

2021-10-12

PIER Letters

Vol. 18, 51-59, 2010

doi:10.2528/PIERL10070601

download: 287

A RFID Tag Metal Antenna on a Compact HIS Substrate

Yan Liu , Kwai-Man Luk and Hong-Cheng Yin

Utilizing the special physical characteristic of a high impedance surface, a radio frequency identification tag antenna working at 920 MHz for metallic ground is proposed. The antenna not only overcomes the problem of impedance mismatching when placing on a metallic object, but also exhibits a low-profile antenna structure.

A RFID TAG METAL ANTENNA ON A COMPACT HIS SUBSTRATE

2010-09-30

PIER Letters

Vol. 18, 41-50, 2010

doi:10.2528/PIERL10072807

download: 280

Electromagnetic Scattering from a Chiral-Coated Nihility Cylinder

Shakeel Ahmed and Qaisar Naqvi

Scattering of electromagnetic plane waves from an infinitely long nihility cylinder, coated with a chiral layer of uniform thickness, is presented. Cylindrical vector wave functions have been used to express the fields in different regions. The solution is determined by solving the wave equation for different regions and applying the appropriate boundary conditions at the discontinuities. Both TM and TE polarizations as incident plane wave have been considered in the analysis. Obtained Numerical results for the chiral-coated nihility cylinder are compared with a chiral-coated PEC cylinder.

ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING FROM A CHIRAL-COATED NIHILITY CYLINDER

2010-09-29

PIER Letters

Vol. 18, 29-39, 2010

doi:10.2528/PIERL10080102

download: 349

Wideband SSN Suppression in High-Speed PCB Using Novel Planar EBG

Hui-Sen He , Xin-Quan Lai , Qiang Ye , Qiang Wang , Wen-Dan Xu , Jian-Guo Jiang and Ming-Xiang Zang

Simultaneous switching noise (SSN) is a significant problem in high-speed circuits. To minimize its effect and improve the electrical characteristics of circuits such as signal integrity (SI) and power integrity (PI), a novel power plane with planar electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure is proposed for SSN suppression in printed circuit boards (PCB) in this paper. In which a kind of improved long bridge is used and the equivalent parallel inductance can be increased significantly. Compared to the typical spiral bridge EBG structure with the same parameters, the long bridge EBG structure will change bandgap into dual-band, with lower center frequency and wider bandwith. The effectiveness and accuracy of this structure are verified by both simulations and measurements.

WIDEBAND SSN SUPPRESSION IN HIGH-SPEED PCB USING NOVEL PLANAR EBG

2010-09-28

PIER Letters

Vol. 18, 19-28, 2010

doi:10.2528/PIERL10072607

download: 319

Electric Charges That Behave as Magnetic Monopoles

Yusuf Ziya Umul

The memristor theory of Chua [1] provides a connection with the charge and magnetic flux in an electric circuit. We define a similar relation for the electric and magnetic flux densities in electromagnetism. Such an attempt puts forward interesting results. For example, the magnetic charges do not exist in nature however the electric charges behave as the magnetic monopoles in special media. We support our theory with results of the recent experiments on materials named as spin ice.

2010-09-27

PIER Letters

Vol. 18, 9-18, 2010

doi:10.2528/PIERL10081601

download: 395

Compact Wide-Slot Tri-Band Antenna for WLAN/WiMAX Applications

Qing Zhao , Shu-Xi Gong , Wen Jiang , Bin Yang and Jun Xie

In this paper, a wide-slot triple band antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide (CPW) for WLAN/WiMAX applications is proposed. The antenna mainly comprises a ground with a wide square slot in the center, a rectangular feeding strip and two pairs of planar inverted L strips (PIL) connecting with the slotted ground. By introducing the two pairs of PIL's, three resonant frequencies, 2.4/5.5 GHz for WLAN, and 3.5 GHz for WiMAX, are excited. Prototypes of the antenna are fabricated and tested. The simulated and measured results show that the proposed antenna has three good impedance bandwidths (S11 better than -10 dB) of 300 MHz (about 12.6% centered at 2.39 GHz), 280 MHz (about 8% centered at 3.49 GHz) and 790 MHz (about 14.5% centered at 5.43 GHz), which make it easily cover the required bandwidths for WLAN band (2.4--2.48 GHz, 5.15--5.35 GHz, and 5.725--5.825 GHz) and WiMAX (3.4--3.6 GHz) applications. Moreover, the obtained radiation patterns demonstrate that the proposed antenna has figure-eight patterns in E-plane, and is omni-directional in H-plane. The gains of the antenna at operation bands are stable.

COMPACT WIDE-SLOT TRI-BAND ANTENNA FOR WLAN/WIMAX APPLICATIONS

2010-09-24

PIER Letters

Vol. 18, 1-8, 2010

doi:10.2528/PIERL10061713

download: 263

Quadruple-Mode Stub-Loaded Resonator and Broadband BPF

Hong-Wei Deng , Yong-Jiu Zhao , Lu Zhang , Xue-Shun Zhang and Wei Zhao

Novel compact microstrip quadruple-mode stub-loaded resonator and broadband bandpass filter (BPF) are proposed in this letter. As a starting part of designing a quadruple-mode broadband BPF, the initial novel triple-mode open impedance-stepped stub loaded resonator characteristic is investigated to choose its proper dimensions. Based on these pre-determined dimensions of the triple-mode resonator, two identical short-circuited stubs are loaded against the impedance-stepped open stubs in the resonator to generate a tuned resonant mode and a transmission zero in lower stopband which leads to a high rejection skirt. A compact broadband BPF with the quadruple-mode resonator is simulated, fabricated and measured. The measured results agree well with the EM simulations.