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PIER PIER B PIER C PIER M PIER Letters
2023-12-31
SWE Retrieval Algorithms Based on the Parameterized BI-Continuous DMRT Model Without Priors on Grain Size OR Scattering Albedo
By
Firoz Kanti Borah,

    Mr. Firoz Kanti Borah

    Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

    University of Michigan

    USA

    Homepage

Leung Tsang,

    Professor Leung Tsang

    Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

    University of Michigan

    USA

    Homepage

Edward J. Kim

    Dr. Edward J. Kim

    NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

    USA

    Homepage

Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 178, 129-147, 2023
doi:10.2528/PIER23071101
Abstract
In this paper, we develop two new algorithms for snow water equivalent (SWE) retrieval based on the volume scattering snow at X (9.6 GHz) and Ku (17.2 GHz). Significantly, neither algorithm requires a prior on grain size or on scattering albedo. The two algorithms are based on modifications of the previous algorithm published in our previous two papers (Zhu et al. 2018, 2021). The physical model is the bi-continuous DMRT model, and a parametrization is carried out over a look-up table of DMRT results. The parameterized model gives the X and Ku band co-polarization backscatter as a pair of equations in terms of two parameters SWE and scattering albedo at X band (ωX). By directly inverting the pair of equations for, σX (SWE, ωX) and σKu (SWE, ωX), we show that there are at most a pair of solutions which have SWE values that are far apart in most cases, facilitating identification of the correct solution. The first algorithm described in this paper, labelled an algebraic algorithm, uses inversion alone and does not employ a cost function. The proposed algebraic algorithm is validated with multiple airborne data sets and three years of tower-based snow observations. The robustness of the no-prior approach was validated with the airborne observations, by using a prior SWE value that is intentionally far (75% different) from the true SWE. For the validation using tower-based data, three years of observations from the NoSREx experiment in Sodankyla, Finland were used in which the previous SWE result helps to correctly choose between the two solutions. The second cost function-based algorithm finds the SWE and ωX pair which minimizes the difference between the observed volume scattering σX,obs and σKu,obs and the model-predicted volume scattering σX,mod and σKu,mod. The cost function uses prior information on SWE, also based on a time series starting with zero/low SWE. NoSREx data is used to show results from this approach. The new algorithm combined with time series eliminates needs of ancillary information of SWE and grain sizes, making the algorithm useful for level-2 products of a satellite mission.
Citation
Firoz Kanti Borah, Leung Tsang, and Edward J. Kim, "SWE Retrieval Algorithms Based on the Parameterized BI-Continuous DMRT Model Without Priors on Grain Size OR Scattering Albedo," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 178, 129-147, 2023.
doi:10.2528/PIER23071101
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