Vol. 115
Latest Volume
All Volumes
PIERM 127 [2024] PIERM 126 [2024] PIERM 125 [2024] PIERM 124 [2024] PIERM 123 [2024] PIERM 122 [2023] PIERM 121 [2023] PIERM 120 [2023] PIERM 119 [2023] PIERM 118 [2023] PIERM 117 [2023] PIERM 116 [2023] PIERM 115 [2023] PIERM 114 [2022] PIERM 113 [2022] PIERM 112 [2022] PIERM 111 [2022] PIERM 110 [2022] PIERM 109 [2022] PIERM 108 [2022] PIERM 107 [2022] PIERM 106 [2021] PIERM 105 [2021] PIERM 104 [2021] PIERM 103 [2021] PIERM 102 [2021] PIERM 101 [2021] PIERM 100 [2021] PIERM 99 [2021] PIERM 98 [2020] PIERM 97 [2020] PIERM 96 [2020] PIERM 95 [2020] PIERM 94 [2020] PIERM 93 [2020] PIERM 92 [2020] PIERM 91 [2020] PIERM 90 [2020] PIERM 89 [2020] PIERM 88 [2020] PIERM 87 [2019] PIERM 86 [2019] PIERM 85 [2019] PIERM 84 [2019] PIERM 83 [2019] PIERM 82 [2019] PIERM 81 [2019] PIERM 80 [2019] PIERM 79 [2019] PIERM 78 [2019] PIERM 77 [2019] PIERM 76 [2018] PIERM 75 [2018] PIERM 74 [2018] PIERM 73 [2018] PIERM 72 [2018] PIERM 71 [2018] PIERM 70 [2018] PIERM 69 [2018] PIERM 68 [2018] PIERM 67 [2018] PIERM 66 [2018] PIERM 65 [2018] PIERM 64 [2018] PIERM 63 [2018] PIERM 62 [2017] PIERM 61 [2017] PIERM 60 [2017] PIERM 59 [2017] PIERM 58 [2017] PIERM 57 [2017] PIERM 56 [2017] PIERM 55 [2017] PIERM 54 [2017] PIERM 53 [2017] PIERM 52 [2016] PIERM 51 [2016] PIERM 50 [2016] PIERM 49 [2016] PIERM 48 [2016] PIERM 47 [2016] PIERM 46 [2016] PIERM 45 [2016] PIERM 44 [2015] PIERM 43 [2015] PIERM 42 [2015] PIERM 41 [2015] PIERM 40 [2014] PIERM 39 [2014] PIERM 38 [2014] PIERM 37 [2014] PIERM 36 [2014] PIERM 35 [2014] PIERM 34 [2014] PIERM 33 [2013] PIERM 32 [2013] PIERM 31 [2013] PIERM 30 [2013] PIERM 29 [2013] PIERM 28 [2013] PIERM 27 [2012] PIERM 26 [2012] PIERM 25 [2012] PIERM 24 [2012] PIERM 23 [2012] PIERM 22 [2012] PIERM 21 [2011] PIERM 20 [2011] PIERM 19 [2011] PIERM 18 [2011] PIERM 17 [2011] PIERM 16 [2011] PIERM 14 [2010] PIERM 13 [2010] PIERM 12 [2010] PIERM 11 [2010] PIERM 10 [2009] PIERM 9 [2009] PIERM 8 [2009] PIERM 7 [2009] PIERM 6 [2009] PIERM 5 [2008] PIERM 4 [2008] PIERM 3 [2008] PIERM 2 [2008] PIERM 1 [2008]
2023-02-18
Tripartite Correlations in Quantum Radar and Communication Systems
By
Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 115, 83-92, 2023
Abstract
Quantum-based systems are an emerging topic of research due to their potential for increasing performance in a variety of classical systems. In radar and communication systems, quantum technologies have been explored in an effort to increase the correlation performance in the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime. While this increase has been shown both mathematically and in the laboratory using bipartite states, systems utilizing multi-partite squeezing and entanglement may lead to an even further performance increase. We investigate this by analyzing the correlation coefficient for a tripartite system electric field measurement to determine how it compares to the bipartite systems in the current literature for the same transmit powers. This is done by defining a tripartite wave function in terms of the mean photon number per mode then determining the covariance matrix from this wave function. This work is important in understanding how alternative states of light can be used for quantum radar applications.
Citation
Rory A. Bowell, Matthew J. Brandsema, Ram M. Narayanan, Stephen W. Howell, and Jonathan M. Dilger, "Tripartite Correlations in Quantum Radar and Communication Systems," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 115, 83-92, 2023.
doi:10.2528/PIERM23011003
References

1. Bowell, R. A., M. J. Brandsema, B. M. Ahmed, R. M. Narayanan, S. W. Howell, and J. M. Dilger, "Electric field correlations in quantum radar and the quantum advantage," Proc. SPIE Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XXIV, On-line, Vol. 11408, Apr. 2020.

2. Brandsema, M. J., R. M. Narayanan, and M. Lanzagorta, "Correlation properties of single photon binary waveforms used in quantum radar/lidar," Proc. SPIE Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XXIV, On-line, Vol. 11408, Apr. 2020.

3. Chang, C. W. S., A. M. Vadiraj, J. Bourassa, B. Balaji, and C. M. Wilson, "Quantum-enhanced noise radar," Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 114, No. 11, 112601, Mar. 2019.
doi:10.1063/1.5085002

4. Lanzagorta, M., Quantum Radar, Morgan & Claypool, San Rafael, CA, USA, 2011.

5. Guha, S. and B. I. Erkmen, "Gaussian-state quantum illumination receivers for target detection," Physical Review A, Vol. 80, No. 5, 052310, Nov. 2009.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.80.052310

6. Shapiro, J. H., "The quantum illumination story," IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, Vol. 35, No. 4, 8-20, Apr. 2020.
doi:10.1109/MAES.2019.2957870

7. Lanzagorta, M., "Low-brightness quantum radar," Proc. SPIE Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XIX and Active and Passive Signatures VI, Vol. 9461, Baltimore, MD, Apr. 2015.

8. Luong, D., C. S. Chang, A. Vadiraj, A. Damini, C. Wilson, and B. Balaji, "Receiver operating characteristics for a prototype quantum two-mode squeezing radar," IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. 56, No. 3, 2041-2060, Jun. 2020.
doi:10.1109/TAES.2019.2951213

9. Lopaeva, E. D., I. Ruo Berchera, I. Degiovanni, S. Olivares, G. Brida, and M. Genovese, "Experimental realization of quantum illumination," Physical Review Letters, Vol. 110, No. 15, 153603, Apr. 2013.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.153603

10. Barzanjeh, S., S. Guha, C. Weedbrook, D. Vitali, J. H. Shapiro, and S. Pirandola, "Microwave quantum illumination," Physical Review Letters, Vol. 114, No. 8, 080503, Feb. 2015.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.080503

11. Zhang, Z., S. Mouradian, F. N. Wong, and J. H. Shapiro, "Entanglement-enhanced sensing in a lossy and noisy environment," Physical Review Letters, Vol. 114, No. 11, 110506, Mar. 2015.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.110506

12. Luong, D., S. Rajan, and B. Balaji, "Quantum two-mode squeezing radar and noise radar: Correlation coefficients for target detection," IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol. 20, No. 10, 5221-5228, May 2020.
doi:10.1109/JSEN.2020.2971851

13. Luong, D., B. Balaji, and S. Rajan, "Biomedical sensing using quantum radars based on Josephson parametric amplifiers," Proc. 2021 International Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Symposium (ACES), Hamilton, ON, Aug. 2021.

14. Liu, H., B. Balaji, and A. S. Helmy, "Target detection aided by quantum temporal correlations: Theoretical analysis and experimental validation," IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. 56, No. 5, 3529-3544, Oct. 2020.
doi:10.1109/TAES.2020.2974054

15. Yang, H., W. Roga, J. D. Pritchard, and J. Jeffers, "Gaussian state-based quantum illumination with simple photodetection," Optics Express, Vol. 29, No. 6, 8199-8215, Mar. 2021.
doi:10.1364/OE.416151

16. England, D. G., B. Balaji, and B. J. Sussman, "Quantum-enhanced standoff detection using correlated photon pairs," Physical Review A, Vol. 99, 023828, Feb. 2019.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.99.023828

17. Guha, S., "Receiver design to harness the quantum illumination advantage," Proc. 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT), 963-967, Seoul, Korea, Jun.-Jul. 2009.

18. Zhuang, Q. and J. H. Shapiro, "Ultimate accuracy limit of quantum pulse-compression ranging,", arXiv:2109.11079v1, Sep. 2021.

19. Blakely, J. N., "Bounds on probability of detection error in quantum-enhanced noise radar," Quantum Reports, Vol. 2, No. 3, 400-413, Jul. 2020.
doi:10.3390/quantum2030028

20. Tan, S.-H., B. I. Erkmen, V. Giovannetti, S. Guha, S. Lloyd, L. Maccone, S. Pirandola, and J. H. Shapiro, "Quantum illumination with Gaussian states," Physical Review Letters, Vol. 101, No. 25, 253601, Dec. 2008.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.253601

21. Dawood, M. and R. M. Narayanan, "Receiver operating characteristics for the coherent UWB random noise radar," IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. 37, No. 2, 586-594, Apr. 2001.
doi:10.1109/7.937470

22. Russer, J. A., M. Wurth, W. Utschick, F. Bischeltsrieder, and M. Peichl, "Performance considerations for quantum radar," Proc. 2021 International Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Symposium (ACES), Hamilton, ON, Aug. 2021.

23. Bowell, R. A., M. J. Brandsema, R. M. Narayanan, S. W. Howell, and J. M. Dilger, "Tripartite correlation performance for use in quantum radar systems," Proc. SPIE Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XV, On-line, Vol. 11742, Apr. 2021.

24. Bowell, R. A., M. J. Brandsema, R. M. Narayanan, S. W. Howell, and J. M. Dilger, "Comparison of correlation performance for various measurement schemes in quantum bipartite radar and communication systems," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 174, 43-53, 2022.
doi:10.2528/PIER22022506

25. Zhang, W. and R. T. Glasser, "Coupled three-mode squeezed vacuum,", arXiv:2002.00323v1, 2020.

26. Scully, M. O. and M. S. Zubairy, Quantum Optics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1997.
doi:10.1017/CBO9780511813993

27. Vourdas, A., "Optical signals with thermal noise," Physical Review A, Vol. 39, No. 1, 206-213, Jan. 1989.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.39.206

28. Helstrom, C. W., Quantum Detection and Estimation Theory, Academic Press, New York, NY, USA, 1976.