Vol. 114
Latest Volume
All Volumes
PIERM 128 [2024] PIERM 127 [2024] PIERM 126 [2024] PIERM 125 [2024] PIERM 124 [2024] PIERM 123 [2024] PIERM 122 [2023] PIERM 121 [2023] PIERM 120 [2023] PIERM 119 [2023] PIERM 118 [2023] PIERM 117 [2023] PIERM 116 [2023] PIERM 115 [2023] PIERM 114 [2022] PIERM 113 [2022] PIERM 112 [2022] PIERM 111 [2022] PIERM 110 [2022] PIERM 109 [2022] PIERM 108 [2022] PIERM 107 [2022] PIERM 106 [2021] PIERM 105 [2021] PIERM 104 [2021] PIERM 103 [2021] PIERM 102 [2021] PIERM 101 [2021] PIERM 100 [2021] PIERM 99 [2021] PIERM 98 [2020] PIERM 97 [2020] PIERM 96 [2020] PIERM 95 [2020] PIERM 94 [2020] PIERM 93 [2020] PIERM 92 [2020] PIERM 91 [2020] PIERM 90 [2020] PIERM 89 [2020] PIERM 88 [2020] PIERM 87 [2019] PIERM 86 [2019] PIERM 85 [2019] PIERM 84 [2019] PIERM 83 [2019] PIERM 82 [2019] PIERM 81 [2019] PIERM 80 [2019] PIERM 79 [2019] PIERM 78 [2019] PIERM 77 [2019] PIERM 76 [2018] PIERM 75 [2018] PIERM 74 [2018] PIERM 73 [2018] PIERM 72 [2018] PIERM 71 [2018] PIERM 70 [2018] PIERM 69 [2018] PIERM 68 [2018] PIERM 67 [2018] PIERM 66 [2018] PIERM 65 [2018] PIERM 64 [2018] PIERM 63 [2018] PIERM 62 [2017] PIERM 61 [2017] PIERM 60 [2017] PIERM 59 [2017] PIERM 58 [2017] PIERM 57 [2017] PIERM 56 [2017] PIERM 55 [2017] PIERM 54 [2017] PIERM 53 [2017] PIERM 52 [2016] PIERM 51 [2016] PIERM 50 [2016] PIERM 49 [2016] PIERM 48 [2016] PIERM 47 [2016] PIERM 46 [2016] PIERM 45 [2016] PIERM 44 [2015] PIERM 43 [2015] PIERM 42 [2015] PIERM 41 [2015] PIERM 40 [2014] PIERM 39 [2014] PIERM 38 [2014] PIERM 37 [2014] PIERM 36 [2014] PIERM 35 [2014] PIERM 34 [2014] PIERM 33 [2013] PIERM 32 [2013] PIERM 31 [2013] PIERM 30 [2013] PIERM 29 [2013] PIERM 28 [2013] PIERM 27 [2012] PIERM 26 [2012] PIERM 25 [2012] PIERM 24 [2012] PIERM 23 [2012] PIERM 22 [2012] PIERM 21 [2011] PIERM 20 [2011] PIERM 19 [2011] PIERM 18 [2011] PIERM 17 [2011] PIERM 16 [2011] PIERM 14 [2010] PIERM 13 [2010] PIERM 12 [2010] PIERM 11 [2010] PIERM 10 [2009] PIERM 9 [2009] PIERM 8 [2009] PIERM 7 [2009] PIERM 6 [2009] PIERM 5 [2008] PIERM 4 [2008] PIERM 3 [2008] PIERM 2 [2008] PIERM 1 [2008]
2022-10-18
Robust Slow Light Enhancement Based on Flat Band States in the Continuum
By
Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 114, 59-67, 2022
Abstract
Flat band systems have attracted considerable interest in different branches of physics, providing a flexible platform for exploring the fundamental properties of flat bands. Flat band states in the continuum (FBICs) can be derived from a one-dimensional lattice loaded with electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) medium. The appearance of the strong slow light phenomena has been found under the conditions of EIT and flat band. Flat bands provide a key ingredient in designing dispersionless wave excitations. Different from the conventional flat band states, the FBIC is delocalized state and has robustness, providing us an efficient way to achieve large delay slow light. These results may provide inspiration for exploring fundamental phenomena arising from FBICs.
Citation
Yan Hong Liu, Kai Sun, Mina Ren, Lijuan Dong, Fusheng Deng, Xiaoqiang Su, and Yun Long Shi, "Robust Slow Light Enhancement Based on Flat Band States in the Continuum," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 114, 59-67, 2022.
doi:10.2528/PIERM22082101
References

1. White, S. and L. Sham, "Electronic properties of flat-band semiconductor heterostructures," Physical Review Letters, Vol. 47, 879, 1981.

2. Bergholtz, E. J. and Z. Liu, "Topological flat band models and fractional Chern insulators," International Journal of Modern Physics B, Vol. 27, 1330017, 2013.

3. Derzhko, O., J. Richter, and M. Maksymenko, "Strongly correlated flat-band systems: The route from Heisenberg spins to Hubbard electrons," International Journal of Modern Physics B, Vol. 29, 1530007, 2015.

4. Mukherjee, S., A. Spracklen, D. Choudhury, et al. "Observation of a localized flat-band state in a photonic Lieb lattice," Physical Review Letters, Vol. 114, 245504, 2015.

5. Mukherjee, S. and R. R. Thomson, "Observation of localized flat-band modes in a quasi-one-dimensional photonic rhombic lattice," Optics Letters, Vol. 40, 5443-5446, 2015.

6. Zong, Y., S. Xia, L. Tang, et al. "Observation of localized flat-band states in Kagome photonic lattices," Optics Express, Vol. 24, 8877-8885, 2016.

7. Leykam, D., S. Flach, and Y. Chong, "Flat bands in lattices with non-Hermitian coupling," Physical Review B, Vol. 96, 064305, 2017.

8. Leykam, D., A. Andreanov, and S. Flach, "Artificial flat band systems: From lattice models to experiments," Advances in Physics: X, Vol. 3, 1473052, 2018.

9. Longhi, S., "Photonic flat-band laser," Optics Letters, Vol. 44, 287-290, 2019.

10. Xia, S.-Q., L.-Q. Tang, S.-Q. Xia, et al. "Novel phenomena in flatband photonic structures: From localized states to real-space topology," Acta Physica Sinica, Vol. 69, No. 15, 154207, 2020.

11. Tang, L., D. Song, S. Xia, et al. "Photonic flat-band lattices and unconventional light localization," Nanophotonics, Vol. 9, 1161-1176, 2020.

12. Maimaiti, W., A. Andreanov, and S. Flach, "Flat-band generator in two dimensions," Physical Review B, Vol. 103, 165116, 2021.

13. Poblete, R. A. V., "Photonic flat band dynamics," Advances in Physics: X, Vol. 6, No. 1, 1878057, 2021.

14. Han, C.-D. and Y.-C. Lai, "Optical response of two-dimensional Dirac materials with a flat band," Physical Review B, Vol. 105, 155405, 2022.

15. Hanafi, H., P. Menz, and C. Denz, "Localized states emerging from singular and nonsingular flat bands in a frustrated fractal-like photonic lattice," Advanced Optical Materials, Vol. 10, 2102523, 2022.

16. Hanafi, H., P. Menz, A. McWilliam, et al. "Localized dynamics arising from multiple flat bands in a decorated photonic Lieb lattice,", arXiv e-prints, 2022, arXiv: 2207.01480.

17. Li, G., L. Wang, R. Ye, et al. "Observation of flat-band and band transition in the synthetic space," Advanced Photonics, Vol. 4, 036002, 2022.

18. Shen, Y.-X., Y.-G. Peng, P.-C. Cao, et al. "Observing localization and delocalization of the flat-band states in an acoustic cubic lattice," Physical Review B, Vol. 105, 104102, 2022.

19. Zhang, R.-H., H.-Y. Ren, and L. He, "Flat bands and related novel quantum states in two-dimensional systems," Acta Physica Sinica, Vol. 71, 127302-127301, 2022.

20. Sutherland, B., "Localization of electronic wave functions due to local topology," Physical Review B, Vol. 34, 5208, 1986.

21. Vicencio, R. A., C. Cantillano, L. Morales-Inostroza, et al. "Observation of localized states in Lieb photonic lattices," Physical Review Letters, Vol. 114, 245503, 2015.

22. Masumoto, N., N. Y. Kim, T. Byrnes, et al. "Exciton-polariton condensates with flat bands in a two-dimensional kagome lattice," New Journal of Physics, Vol. 14, 065002, 2012.

23. Shen, R., L. Shao, B. Wang, et al. "Single Dirac cone with a flat band touching on line-centered-square optical lattices," Physical Review B, Vol. 81, 041410, 2010.

24. Taie, S., H. Ozawa, T. Ichinose, et al. "Coherent driving and freezing of bosonic matter wave in an optical Lieb lattice," Science Advances, Vol. 1, e1500854, 2015.

25. Baboux, F., L. Ge, T. Jacqmin, et al. "Bosonic condensation and disorder-induced localization in a flat band," Physical Review Letters, Vol. 116, 066402, 2016.

26. He, S., F. Ding, L. Mo, et al. "Light absorber with an ultra-broad flat band based on multi-sized slow-wave hyperbolic metamaterial thin-films," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 147, 69-79, 2014.

27. Lazarides, N. and G. Tsironis, "SQUID metamaterials on a Lieb lattice: From flat-band to nonlinear localization," Physical Review B, Vol. 96, 054305, 2017.

28. Lazarides, N. and G. Tsironis, "Compact localized states in engineered flat-band PT metamaterials," Scientific Reports, Vol. 9, 1-9, 2019.

29. Qian, K., L. Zhu, K. H. Ahn, et al. "Observation of flat frequency bands at open edges and antiphase boundary seams in topological mechanical metamaterials," Physical Review Letters, Vol. 125, 225501, 2020.

30. Sun, M., I. Savenko, S. Flach, et al. "Excitation of localized condensates in the flat band of the exciton-polariton Lieb lattice," Physical Review B, Vol. 98, 161204, 2018.

31. Scafirimuto, F., D. Urbonas, M. A. Becker, et al. "Tunable exciton-polariton condensation in a two-dimensional Lieb lattice at room temperature," Communications Physics, Vol. 4, 1-6, 2021.

32. Klembt, S., T. H. Harder, O. A. Egorov, et al. "Polariton condensation in S- and P-flatbands in a two-dimensional Lieb lattice," Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 111, 231102, 2017.

33. Li, J., T. P. White, L. O'Faolain, et al. "Systematic design of flat band slow light in photonic crystal waveguides," Optics Express, Vol. 16, 6227-6232, 2008.

34. Vicencio Poblete, R. A., "Photonic flat band dynamics," Advances in Physics: X, Vol. 6, 1878057, 2021.

35. Hou, J., D. Gao, H. Wu, et al. "Flat band slow light in symmetric line defect photonic crystal waveguides," IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, Vol. 21, 1571-1573, 2009.

36. Endo, S., T. Oka, and H. Aoki, "Tight-binding photonic bands in metallophotonic waveguide networks and flat bands in kagome lattices," Physical Review B, Vol. 81, 113104, 2010.

37. Bergman, D. L., C. Wu, and L. Balents, "Band touching from real-space topology in frustrated hopping models," Physical Review B, Vol. 78, 125104, 2008.

38. Peres, N., F. Guinea, and A. C. Neto, "Electronic properties of disordered two-dimensional carbon," Physical Review B, Vol. 73, 125411, 2006.

39. Peres, N., A. C. Neto, and F. Guinea, "Conductance quantization in mesoscopic graphene," Physical Review B, Vol. 73, 195411, 2006.

40. Guinea, F., M. Katsnelson, and A. Geim, "Energy gaps and a zero-field quantum Hall effect in graphene by strain engineering," Nature Physics, Vol. 6, 30-33, 2010.

41. Levy, N., S. Burke, K. Meaker, et al. "Strain-induced pseudo-magnetic fields greater than 300 tesla in graphene nanobubbles," Science, Vol. 329, 544-547, 2010.

42. Rechtsman, M. C., J. M. Zeuner, A. Tünermann, et al. "Strain-induced pseudomagnetic field and photonic Landau levels in dielectric structures," Nature Photonics, Vol. 7, 153-158, 2013.

43. Wen, X., C. Qiu, Y. Qi, et al. "Acoustic Landau quantization and quantum-Hall-like edge states," Nature Physics, Vol. 15, 352-356, 2019.

44. Yin, L.-J., J.-B. Qiao, W.-J. Zuo, et al. "Experimental evidence for non-Abelian gauge potentials in twisted graphene bilayers," Physical Review B, Vol. 92, 081406, 2015.

45. Cao, Y., V. Fatemi, A. Demir, et al. "Correlated insulator behaviour at half-filling in magic-angle graphene superlattices," Nature, Vol. 556, 80-84, 2018.

46. Hao, Z., A. Zimmerman, P. Ledwith, et al. "Electric field-tunable superconductivity in alternating-twist magic-angle trilayer graphene," Science, Vol. 371, 1133-1138, 2021.

47. Shen, C., Y. Chu, Q. Wu, et al. "Correlated states in twisted double bilayer graphene," Nature Physics, Vol. 16, 520-525, 2020.

48. Amin, M., R. Ramzan, and O. Siddiqui, "Slow wave applications of electromagnetically induced transparency in microstrip resonator," Scientific Reports, Vol. 8, 2357, 2018.

49. Zeng, A. W. and B. Guo, "Characteristics of slow light in a magnetized plasma hyperbolic metamaterial waveguide," Optical and Quantum Electronics, Vol. 49, 200, 2017.

50. Keshavarz, A. and A. Zakery, "A novel terahertz semiconductor metamaterial for slow light device and dual-band modulator applications," Plasmonics, Vol. 13, 459-466, 2018.

51. Lee, M.-J., J. Ruseckas, C.-Y. Lee, et al. "Experimental demonstration of spinor slow light," Nature Communications, Vol. 5, 5542, 2014.

52. Sun, Y., H. Jiang, Y. Yang, et al. "Electromagnetically induced transparency in metamaterials: Influence of intrinsic loss and dynamic evolution," Physical Review B, Vol. 83, 195140, 2011.

53. Liu, N., T. Weiss, M. Mesch, et al. "Planar metamaterial analogue of electromagnetically induced transparency for plasmonic sensing," Nano Letters, Vol. 10, 1103-1107, 2010.

54. Alipour, A., A. Farmani, and A. Mir, "High sensitivity and tunable nanoscale sensor based on plasmon-induced transparency in plasmonic metasurface," IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol. 18, 7047-7054, 2018.

55. Hayashi, S., D. V. Nesterenko, and Z. Sekkat, "Waveguide-coupled surface plasmon resonance sensor structures: Fano lineshape engineering for ultrahigh-resolution sensing," Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 48, 325303, 2015.

56. Tassin, P., L. Zhang, R. Zhao, et al. "Electromagnetically induced transparency and absorption in metamaterials: The radiating two-oscillator model and its experimental confirmation," Physical Review Letters, Vol. 109, 187401, 2012.

57. He, J., P. Ding, J. Wang, et al. "Ultra-narrow band perfect absorbers based on plasmonic analog of electromagnetically induced absorption," Optics Express, Vol. 23, 6083-6091, 2015.

58. Bhattarai, M., V. Bharti, and V. Natarajan, "Tuning of the Hanle effect from EIT to EIA using spatially separated probe and control beams," Scientific Reports, Vol. 8, 7525, 2018.

59. Ning, R., Z. Jiao, and J. Bao, "Multi-band and wide-band electromagnetically induced transparency in graphene metasurface of composite structure," IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, Vol. 12, 380-384, 2018.

60. Fan, Y., T. Qiao, F. Zhang, et al. "An electromagnetic modulator based on electrically controllable metamaterial analogue to electromagnetically induced transparency," Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, 40441, 2017.

61. Zhou, X., L. Zhang, A. M. Armani, et al. "Power enhancement and phase regimes in embedded microring resonators in analogy with electromagnetically induced transparency," Optics Express, Vol. 21, 20179-20186, 2013.

62. Wu, Y., J. Saldana, and Y. Zhu, "Large enhancement of four-wave mixing by suppression of photon absorption from electromagnetically induced transparency," Physical Review A, Vol. 67, 013811, 2003.

63. Tsakmakidis, K., M. Wartak, J. Cook, et al. "Negative-permeability electromagnetically induced transparent and magnetically active metamaterials," Physical Review B, Vol. 81, 195128, 2010.

64. Zhang, J., Z. Li, L. Shao, et al. "Active modulation of electromagnetically induced transparency analog in graphene-based microwave metamaterial," Carbon, Vol. 183, 850-857, 2021.

65. Zhang, L., P. Tassin, T. Koschny, et al. "Large group delay in a microwave metamaterial analog of electromagnetically induced transparency," Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 97, 241904, 2010.

66. Hu, Y., W. Liu, Y. Sun, et al. "Electromagnetically-induced-transparency-like phenomenon with resonant meta-atoms in a cavity," Physical Review A, Vol. 92, 053824, 2015.

67. Zhang, J., Y. Shi, and S. He, "Realizing flexible ultra-flat-band slow light in hybrid photonic crystal waveguides for efficient out-of-plane coupling," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 149, 281-289, 2014.