volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

The Bateman-Whittaker theory, which was developed a century ago, is shown to be a comprehensive basis for deriving a large class of null spatiotemporally localized electromagneticwaves characterized by intriguing vortical structures. In addition, it provides the modeling for studying topological structures dealing with linked and knotted electromagnetic waves.

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Professor Ioannis Besieris

Prof. Peeter Saari

Dr. Amr Shaarawi