Search search
submit Submit
Publication Date
to
Vol. 156
Latest Volume
All Volumes
PIER 179 [2024] PIER 178 [2023] PIER 177 [2023] PIER 176 [2023] PIER 175 [2022] PIER 174 [2022] PIER 173 [2022] PIER 172 [2021] PIER 171 [2021] PIER 170 [2021] PIER 169 [2020] PIER 168 [2020] PIER 167 [2020] PIER 166 [2019] PIER 165 [2019] PIER 164 [2019] PIER 163 [2018] PIER 162 [2018] PIER 161 [2018] PIER 160 [2017] PIER 159 [2017] PIER 158 [2017] PIER 157 [2016] PIER 156 [2016] PIER 155 [2016] PIER 154 [2015] PIER 153 [2015] PIER 152 [2015] PIER 151 [2015] PIER 150 [2015] PIER 149 [2014] PIER 148 [2014] PIER 147 [2014] PIER 146 [2014] PIER 145 [2014] PIER 144 [2014] PIER 143 [2013] PIER 142 [2013] PIER 141 [2013] PIER 140 [2013] PIER 139 [2013] PIER 138 [2013] PIER 137 [2013] PIER 136 [2013] PIER 135 [2013] PIER 134 [2013] PIER 133 [2013] PIER 132 [2012] PIER 131 [2012] PIER 130 [2012] PIER 129 [2012] PIER 128 [2012] PIER 127 [2012] PIER 126 [2012] PIER 125 [2012] PIER 124 [2012] PIER 123 [2012] PIER 122 [2012] PIER 121 [2011] PIER 120 [2011] PIER 119 [2011] PIER 118 [2011] PIER 117 [2011] PIER 116 [2011] PIER 115 [2011] PIER 114 [2011] PIER 113 [2011] PIER 112 [2011] PIER 111 [2011] PIER 110 [2010] PIER 109 [2010] PIER 108 [2010] PIER 107 [2010] PIER 106 [2010] PIER 105 [2010] PIER 104 [2010] PIER 103 [2010] PIER 102 [2010] PIER 101 [2010] PIER 100 [2010] PIER 99 [2009] PIER 98 [2009] PIER 97 [2009] PIER 96 [2009] PIER 95 [2009] PIER 94 [2009] PIER 93 [2009] PIER 92 [2009] PIER 91 [2009] PIER 90 [2009] PIER 89 [2009] PIER 88 [2008] PIER 87 [2008] PIER 86 [2008] PIER 85 [2008] PIER 84 [2008] PIER 83 [2008] PIER 82 [2008] PIER 81 [2008] PIER 80 [2008] PIER 79 [2008] PIER 78 [2008] PIER 77 [2007] PIER 76 [2007] PIER 75 [2007] PIER 74 [2007] PIER 73 [2007] PIER 72 [2007] PIER 71 [2007] PIER 70 [2007] PIER 69 [2007] PIER 68 [2007] PIER 67 [2007] PIER 66 [2006] PIER 65 [2006] PIER 64 [2006] PIER 63 [2006] PIER 62 [2006] PIER 61 [2006] PIER 60 [2006] PIER 59 [2006] PIER 58 [2006] PIER 57 [2006] PIER 56 [2006] PIER 55 [2005] PIER 54 [2005] PIER 53 [2005] PIER 52 [2005] PIER 51 [2005] PIER 50 [2005] PIER 49 [2004] PIER 48 [2004] PIER 47 [2004] PIER 46 [2004] PIER 45 [2004] PIER 44 [2004] PIER 43 [2003] PIER 42 [2003] PIER 41 [2003] PIER 40 [2003] PIER 39 [2003] PIER 38 [2002] PIER 37 [2002] PIER 36 [2002] PIER 35 [2002] PIER 34 [2001] PIER 33 [2001] PIER 32 [2001] PIER 31 [2001] PIER 30 [2001] PIER 29 [2000] PIER 28 [2000] PIER 27 [2000] PIER 26 [2000] PIER 25 [2000] PIER 24 [1999] PIER 23 [1999] PIER 22 [1999] PIER 21 [1999] PIER 20 [1998] PIER 19 [1998] PIER 18 [1998] PIER 17 [1997] PIER 16 [1997] PIER 15 [1997] PIER 14 [1996] PIER 13 [1996] PIER 12 [1996] PIER 11 [1995] PIER 10 [1995] PIER 09 [1994] PIER 08 [1994] PIER 07 [1993] PIER 06 [1992] PIER 05 [1991] PIER 04 [1991] PIER 03 [1990] PIER 02 [1990] PIER 01 [1989]
All Journals
PIER PIER B PIER C PIER M PIER Letters
2016-06-27
Fast, Phase-Only Synthesis of Aperiodic Reflectarrays Using NUFFTs and CUDA
By
Amedeo Capozzoli,

    Prof. Amedeo Capozzoli

    Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e delle Tecnologie dell'Informazione (DIETI)

    Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II

    Italy

    Homepage

Claudio Curcio,

    Dr. Claudio Curcio

    Dip. Ingegneria Elettrica e delle Tecnologie dell'Informazione

    Universita di Napoli Federico II

    Italy

    Homepage

Angelo Liseno,

    Dr. Angelo Liseno

    Dipartimento di Ingegneria Biomedica, Elettronica e delle Tlc

    Università di Napoli Federico II

    Italy

    Homepage

Giovanni Toso

    Dr. Giovanni Toso

    Electromagnetic Division, TEC-EEA

    European Space Agency, ESA ESTEC,

    The Netherlands

    Homepage

Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 156, 83-103, 2016
doi:10.2528/PIER16021904
Abstract
We deal with one of the computationally most critical steps of the Phase-Only synthesis of aperiodic reflectarrays, namely the fast evaluation of the radiation operator. We present an approach exploiting the use of a fast numerical algorithm using 2D Non-Uniform FFTs (NUFFTs) of NED (Non-Equispaced Data) and NER (non equispaced results) type and of parallel processing on Graphic Processing Units (GPUs). We extend the approach in K. Fourmont, J. Fourier Anal. Appl., vol. 9, n. 5, pp. 431-540, 2013 for implementing NUFFT routines to the 2D case and illustrate the parallel strategies to accelerate the approach. In particular, we show how the two levels of parallelism intrinsic in the interpolation step of the 2D NED-NUFFT can be fruitfully exploited by adopting dynamic parallelism, a feature made available in one of the latest architecture of NVIDIA cards. The presented synthesis results show that the introduction of further degrees of freedom (positions) allows improving the performance with respect to periodic reflectarrays. Also, the possibility of adopting aperiodic reflectarrays of reduced number of elements for fixed performance is demonstrated.
Citation
Amedeo Capozzoli, Claudio Curcio, Angelo Liseno, and Giovanni Toso, "Fast, Phase-Only Synthesis of Aperiodic Reflectarrays Using NUFFTs and CUDA," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 156, 83-103, 2016.
doi:10.2528/PIER16021904
References

1. Itoh, T., Numerical Techniques for Microwave and Millimeter-wave Passive Structures, J. Wiley & Sons, New York, 1989.

2. Tao, Y., H. Lin, and H. Bao, "GPU-based shooting and bouncing ray method for fast RCS prediction," IEEE Trans. Antennas Prop., Vol. 58, No. 2, 494-502, Feb. 2010.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2009.2037694

3. Guan, J., S. Yan, and J.-M. Jin, "An OpenMP-CUDA implementation of multilevel fast multipole algorithm for electromagnetic simulation on multi-GPU computing systems," IEEE Trans. Antennas Prop., Vol. 61, No. 7, 3607-3616, Jul. 2013.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2013.2258882

4. Peng, S. and C.-F. Wang, "Precorrected-FFT method on Graphics Processing Units," IEEE Trans. Antennas Prop., Vol. 61, No. 4, 2099-2107, Apr. 2013.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2012.2232892

5. Ricciardi, G. F., J. R. Connelly, H. A. Krichene, and M. T. Ho, "A fast-performing error simulation of wideband radiation patterns for large planar phased arrays with overlapped subarray architecture," IEEE Trans. Antennas Prop., Vol. 62, No. 4, 1779-1788, Apr. 2014.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2013.2255576

6. Meng, H.-T. and J.-M. Jin, "Acceleration of the dual-field domain decomposition algorithm using MPI-CUDA on large-scale computing systems," IEEE Trans. Antennas Prop., Vol. 62, No. 9, 4706-4715, Sep. 2014.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2014.2330608

7. Mu, X., H.-X. Zhou, K. Chen, and W. Hong, "Higher order method of moments with a parallel out-of-core LU solver on GPU/CPU platform," IEEE Trans. Antennas Prop., Vol. 62, No. 11, 5634-5646, Nov. 2014.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2014.2350536

8. Kirk, D. B. and W.-M. W. Hwu, Programming Massively Parallel Processors, 2nd Ed., Moargan Kaufmann, Waltham, Morgan Kaufmann, 2013.

9. Owens, J. D., M. Houston, D. Luebke, S. Green, J. E. Stone, and J. C. Phillips, "GPU computing," Proc. of the IEEE, Vol. 96, No. 5, 879-899, May 2008.
doi:10.1109/JPROC.2008.917757

10. Rossi, F. V., P. P. M. So, N. Fichtner, and P. Russer, "Massively parallel two-dimensional TLM algorithm on Graphics Processing Units," Proc. of the IEEE Microw. Theory Tech. Symp., 153-156, Atlanta, GA, Jun. 15–20 2008.

11. De Donno, D., A. Esposito, G. Monti, and L. Tarricone, "MPIE/MOM with a general purpose Graphics Processing Unit," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol. 60, No. 9, 2693-2701, Sep. 2012.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2012.2203924

12. Capozzoli, A., C. Curcio, G. D’Elia, A. Liseno, and P. Vinetti, "Fast CPU/GPU pattern evaluation of irregular arrays," Applied Comput. Electromagn. Soc. J., Vol. 25, No. 4, 355-372, Apr. 2010.

13. Capozzoli, A., C. Curcio, and A. Liseno, "GPU-based ω-k tomographic processing by 1D nonuniform FFTs," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 23, 279-298, 2012.
doi:10.2528/PIERM11083003

14. Breglia, A., A. Capozzoli, C. Curcio, and A. Liseno, "CUDA expression templates for electromagnetic applications on GPUs," IEEE Antennas Prop. Mag., Vol. 55, No. 5, Oct. 2013.

15. Lezar, E. and D. B. Davidson, "GPU-accelerated method of moments by example: Monostatic scattering," IEEE Antennas Prop. Mag., Vol. 52, No. 6, 120-135, Dec. 2010.
doi:10.1109/MAP.2010.5723240

16. Topa, T., A. Karwowski, and A. Noga, "Using GPU with CUDA to accelerate MoM-based electromagnetic simulation of wire-grid models," IEEE Antennas Wireless Prop. Lett., Vol. 10, 342-345, 2011.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2011.2144557

17. Topa, T., A. Noga, and A. Karwowski, "Adapting MoM with RWG basis functions to GPU technology using CUDA," IEEE Antennas Wireless Prop. Lett., Vol. 10, 480-483, 2011.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2011.2154373

18. Huang, J. and J. A. Encinar, Reflectarray Antennas, J. Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ, 2008.

19. Bialkowski, M. E. and J. A. Encinar, "Reflectarrays: Potentials and challenges," Proc. of the Int. Conf. on Electromagn. in Adv. Appl., 1050-1053, Turin, Italy, Sep. 17–21 2007.

20. Encinar, J. A., M. Arrebola, and G. Toso, "A parabolic reflectarray for a bandwidth improved contoured beam coverage," Proc. of the Europ. Conf. on Antennas Prop., 1-5, Edinburgh, UK, Nov. 11–16 2007.

21. Capozzoli, A., C. Curcio, G. D’Elia, A. Liseno, G. Toso, and P. Vinetti, Aperiodic and non-planar array of electromagnetic scatterers, and reflectarray antenna comprising the same, World Patent Nr. WO/2011/033388.

22. Willey, R., "Space tapering of linear and planar arrays," IEEE Trans. on Antennas Prop., Vol. 10, No. 4, 369-377, Jul. 1962.
doi:10.1109/TAP.1962.1137887

23. Skolnik, M. I., "Nonuniform arrays," Antenna Theory, R. E. Colin and F. J. Zucker, Capter 6, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1969.

24. Morabito, A. F., T. Isernia, and L. Di Donato, "Optimal synthesis of Phase-Only reconfigurable linear sparse arrays having uniform-amplitude excitations," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 124, 405-423, 2012.
doi:10.2528/PIER11112210

25. Capozzoli, A., C. Curcio, G. D’Elia, A. Liseno, and P. Vinetti, "FFT & aperiodic arrays with phaseonly control and constraints due to super-directivity, mutual coupling and overall size," Proc. of the 30th ESA Antenna Workshop on Antennas for Earth Observ., Science, Telecomm. and Navig. Space Missions, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, CD ROM, May 27-30, 2008.

26. Capozzoli, A., C. Curcio, G. D’Elia, A. Liseno, and P. Vinetti, "FFT & equivalently tapered aperiodic arrays," Proc. of the XXIX General Assembly of the Int. Union of Radio Sci., Chicago, IL, CD ROM, Aug. 7-16, 2008.

27. Capozzoli, A., C. Curcio, A. Liseno, and G. Toso, "Phase-only synthesis of flat aperiodic reflectarrays," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 133, 53-89, 2013.
doi:10.2528/PIER12080109

28. Fourmont, K., "Non-equispaced fast Fourier transforms with applications to tomography," J. Fourier Anal. Appl., Vol. 9, No. 5, 431-450, 2003.
doi:10.1007/s00041-003-0021-1

29. Capozzoli, A. and A. Liseno, "Fast reflectarray antenna analysis and synthesis on GPUs," The GPU Technology Conference, San Jose, California, Mar. 18-21, 2013.

30. Capozzoli, A., C. Curcio, A. Liseno, and G. Toso, "Dynamic parallelism in reflectarray antenna analysis and synthesis on GPU," PIERS Abstracts, 1003, Stockholm, Sweden, Aug. 12-15, 2013.

31. Dynamic Parallelism in CUDA, , NVIDIA White Paper, 2012, http://developer.download.nvidia.com/assets/cuda/docs/TechBrief Dynamic Parallelism in CUDA v2.pdf.

32. Bucci, O. M., G. Franceschetti, G. Mazzarella, and G. Panariello, "Intersection approach to array pattern synthesis," IEE Proc. Pt. H, Vol. 137, No. 6, 349-357, Dec. 1990.

33. Fatica, M. and W.-K. Jeong, "Accelerating Matlab with CUDA," Proc. of the High Performance Embedded Comput. Workshop, Lexington, MA, Sep. 18-20, 2007.

34. Suh, J. W. and Y. Kim, Accelerating Matlab with GPU Computing: A Primer with Examples, Waltham, MA, Morgan Kaufmann, 2014.

35. Advanced reflectarray antennas, , ESA LET-SME 2009 Project, Technical Report Nr. 1, Jul. 2010(Available on Request to the European Space Agency).

36. Advanced reflectarray antennas "ESA LET-SME 2009 Project," Technical Report Nr. 2, Mar. 2011(Available on Request to the European Space Agency).

37. Capozzoli, A., C. Curcio, A. Liseno, M. Migliorelli, and G. Toso, "Power pattern synthesis of advanced flat aperiodic reflectarrays," Proc. of the 33rd ESA Workshop on Challenges for Space Antenna Systems, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, Oct. 18-21 2011.

38. Blaser, M., "Lower bounds for the multiplicative complexity of matrix multiplication," Comput. Complex., Vol. 8, No. 3, 203-226, Dec. 1999.
doi:10.1007/s000370050028

39. Atkinson, K. and D. D. K. Chien, "A fast matrix-vector multiplication method for solving the radiosity equation," Adv. in Comput. Math., Vol. 12, No. 2–3, 151-174, Feb. 2000.
doi:10.1023/A:1018961001209

40. Blair, J. M., "Rational Chebyshev approximations for the modified Bessel functions I0 and I1," Math. Comp., Vol. 28, No. 126, 581-583, Apr. 1974.

41. Frigo, M. and S. G. Johson, "The design and implementation of FFTW3," Proc. of the IEEE, Vol. 93, No. 2, 216-231, Feb. 2005.
doi:10.1109/JPROC.2004.840301

42. Bulatsyk, O. O., B. Z. Katsenelenbaum, Y. P. Topolyuk, and N. N. Voitovich, Phase Optimization Problems, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, 2010.

43. Capozzoli, A., C. Curcio, E. Iavazzo, A. Liseno, M. Migliorelli, and G. Toso, "Phase-only synthesis of a-periodic reflectarrays," Proc. of the Europ. Conf. on Antennas Prop., 1031-1035, Rome, Italy, Apr. 11-15, 2011.

44. Bucci, O. M., G. D’Elia, G. Mazzarella, and G. Panariello, "Antenna pattern synthesis: A new general approach," Proc. of the IEEE, Vol. 82, No. 3, 358-371, Mar. 1994.
doi:10.1109/5.272140

45. Capozzoli, A. and G. D’Elia, "Global optimization and antennas synthesis and diagnosis, Part I: Concepts, tools, strategies and performances," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 56, 195-232, 2006.
doi:10.2528/PIER04123001

46. Capozzoli, A. and G. D’Elia, "Global optimization and antennas synthesis and diagnosis, Part II: Applications to advanced reflector antenna synthesis and diagnosis techniques," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 56, 233-261, 2006.
doi:10.2528/PIER05032503

47. Wolpert, D. H. and W. G. Macready, "No free lunch theorems for optimization," IEEE Trans. Evolutionary Comput., Vol. 1, No. 1, 67-82, Apr. 1997.
doi:10.1109/4235.585893

48. Rinnooy Kan, A. G. H. and G. T. Timmer, "Stochastic global optimization methods, Part I: Clustering methods," Math. Progr., Vol. 39, No. 1, 27-56, Sep. 1987.
doi:10.1007/BF02592070

49. Rinnooy Kan, A. G. H. and G. T. Timmer, "Stochastic global optimization methods, Part II: Multi level methods," Math. Progr., Vol. 39, No. 1, 57-78, Sep. 1987.
doi:10.1007/BF02592071

50. Capozzoli, A., C. Curcio, and A. Liseno, "Fast GPU-based interpolation for SAR backprojection," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 133, 259-283, 2013.
doi:10.2528/PIER12071909

51. Zornoza, J. A. and J. A. Encinar, "Efficient phase-only synthesis of contoured-beam patterns for very large reflectarrays," Int. J. of RF Microw. Comp.-Aided Design, Vol. 14, No. 5, 415-423, Sep. 2004.
doi:10.1002/mmce.20028

52. Capozzoli, A., C. Curcio, A. Liseno, M. Migliorelli, and G. Toso, "Aperiodic conformal reflectarrays," Proc. of the Antennas Prop. Soc. Int. Symp., 361-364, Spokane, WA, Jul. 3-8, 2011.

53. Capozzoli, A., C. Curcio, A. Liseno, and A. Riccardi, "Parameter selection and accuracy in type-3 non-uniform FFTs based on Gaussian gridding," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 142, 743-770, 2013.
doi:10.2528/PIER13072402

Download Full Article (347) View Full Article volume
The EM Academy piers.org jpier.org Who's Who in EM
Copyright © 2022 The Electromagnetics Academy. All Rights Reserved.