volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

Cognitive radio is the enabling technology for license-exempt access to the TV White Spaces (TVWS). There is ever increasing demand of users in the broadcasting and communication services. Large portions of unused spectrum in the UHF/VHF bands exist in India which can be used on geographical basis. This paper describes a study on path loss variation in UHF/VHF bands in India. The aim of this study is to develop and optimize a path loss model based on Linear minimum mean square error estimation (LMMSE) for India. We propose the LMMSE based Optimized Perez-Vega Zamanillo propagation path loss model. The measured path loss values, collected across India, are compared with proposed Optimized Perez-Vega Zamanillo path loss model and other existing path loss models. It is found that Optimized Perez-Vega Zamanillo propagation path loss model has the least root mean square Error (RMSE) of 13.98 dB. Other existing path loss models have root mean square Error (RMSE) value greater than 24 dB. Therefore, Optimized Perez-Vega Zamanillo propagation path loss model is best suited for predicting coverage area, interference analysis in India for TVWS.

1. Adopted Oct. 18 "First Report and Notice of Rulemaking in the Matter of Unlicensed Operation in TV Broadcast Bands, ET Docket No. 04-186,", 2006.
doi:10.1109/11.664027

2. Prasad, M. V. S. N. and I. Ahmad, "Comparison of some path loss prediction methods with VHF/UHF measurements," IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, Vol. 43, No. 4, 459-486, Dec. 1997.
doi:10.1109/25.820717

3. Prasad, M. V. S. N. and R. Singh, "UHF train radio measurements in northern India," IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 49, No. 1, 239-245, USA, Jan. 2000.
doi:10.1109/TVT.2003.813153

4. Prasad, M. V. S. N. and R. Singh, "Terrestrial mobile communication train measurements in western India," IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 52, No. 3, 671-682, May 2003.

5. Prasad, M. V. S. N., T. Rama Rao, I. Ahmad, and K. M. Paul, "Investigation of VHF signals in bands I and II in southern India and model comparisons," Indian Journal of Radio and Space Physics, Vol. 35, 198-205, Jun. 2006.
doi:10.1109/TBC.2006.879853

6. Prasad, M. V. S. N., "Path loss exponents deduced from VHF amp; UHF measurements over Indian subcontinent and model comparison," IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, Vol. 52, No. 3, 290-298, 2006.

7. Pathania, P., P. Kumar, and B. Shashi Rana, "Performance evaluation of different path loss models for broadcasting applications," American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER), Vol. 3, No. 4, 335-342, 2014.

8. Pathania, P., P. Kumar, and B. Shashi Rana, "A modified formulation of path loss models for broadcasting applications," International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE), Vol. 3, No. 3, 44-54, Jul. 2014.

9. Ying, X., C. W. Kim, and S. Roy, "Revisiting TV coverage estimation with measurement-based statistical interpolation,", http://www.dynamicspectrumalliance.org/assets/Revisiting TV Coverage Estimation with Measurement-based Statistical Interpolation 08202014.pdf.
doi:10.1504/IJWMC.2014.065607

10. Faruk, N., A. A. Ayeni, Y. Adediran, and N. Surajudeen-Bakinde, "Improved pathloss model for predicting TV coverage for secondary access," International Journal of Wireless and Mobile Computing, Vol. 7, No. 6, 565-576, 2014.

11. Mohammed Al Salameh, S. H., "Lateral ITU-R foliage and maximum attenuation models combined with relevant propagation models for forest at the VHF and UHF bands," NNGT Int. J. on Networking and Communication, Vol. 1, Jul. 2014.

12. Sridhar, B. and M. Z. A. Khan, "RMSE comparison of path loss models for UHF/VHF bands in India," 2014 IEEE Region 10 Symposium, 330-335, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Apr. 14–16, 2014.
doi:10.1109/T-VT.1980.23859

13. Hata, M., "Empirical formula for propagation loss in land mobile radio services," IEEE Trans. Vehicular Technology, Vol. 29, 317-325, 1980.

14. Farhoud, M., A. El-Keyi, and A. Sultan, "Empirical correction of the Okumura-Hata model for the 900MHz band in Egypt," International Conference on Communications and Information Technology (ICCIT-2013): IEEE Wireless Communications and Signal Processing, 386-390, Beirut, Lebanon, Jun. 19–21, 2013.
doi:10.1109/TBC.2002.1021273

15. Perez-Vega, C. and J. M. Zamanillo, "Path-loss model for broadcasting applications and outdoor communication systems in the VHF and UHF bands," IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, Vol. 48, No. 2, 91-96, Jun. 2002.
doi:10.2528/PIERC10011804

16. Roslee, M. B. and K. F. Kwan, "Optimization of Hata propagation prediction model in suburban area in Malaysia," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 13, 91-106, 2010.
doi:10.1109/JRPROC.1957.278224

17. Egli, J. J., "Radio propagation above 40 MC over irregular terrain," Proceedings of the IRE, Vol. 45, No. 10, 1383-1391, 1957.

18. Sharma, P. K. and R. K. Singh, "Comparative study of path loss model depends on various parameter," International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, Vol. 3, 4683-4690, Jun. 2011.

19. Dayanand, A., K. Deepak, and P. Tejas, "Statistical tuning of Walfisch-Ikegami model in urban and suburban environments," Fourth Asia International Conference on AMS, 538-543, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia, 2010.

20. ITU-R P.529-3 "VHF/UHF propagation data and prediction methods required for the terrestrial land mobile services,", 1994.

21. Green, D. B. and M. S. Obaidat, "An accurate line of sight propagation performance model for Ad-Hoc 802.11 wireless LAN (WLAN) devices," Proceedings of IEEE ICC 2002, New York, Apr. 2002.

22. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free-space path loss.

23. Rice, P. L., A. G. Longley, K. A. Norton, and A. P. Barsis, "Transmission loss predictions for tropospheric communications circuits,", Technical Note 101, US Department of Commerce NTIAITS, 1967.

24. Rappaport, T. S., Wireless Communications Principles and Practice, Prentice Hall, 2002.

25. Erceg, V., K. V. S. Hari, et al. "Channel models for fixed wireless applications,", Tech. Rep., IEEE 802.16 Broadband Wireless Access Working Group, Jan. 1986.

Mr. Sridhar Bolli

Dr. Mohammed Zafar Ali Khan