volume | PIER Journals

2012-06-15

Fourth Stokes Parameter in Polarimetric Passive Remote Sensing from Two-Layer Rough Surfaces

Peng Xu,

Dr. Peng Xu

Wuhan Univ

China

Homepage

Leung Tsang,

Professor Leung Tsang

Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

University of Michigan

USA

Homepage

Kunshan Chen

Dr. Kunshan Chen

National Central University

Taiwan 32054

Homepage

Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 129, 125-141, 2012

doi:10.2528/PIER12040203

Abstract

It has been demonstrated in previously published results that large fourth Stokes parameter may be generated from a rough surface over multi-layered media, where only the top interface is rough while the others are all flat boundaries. In this paper, we consider the four Stokes parameters in microwave emission from a two-layer rough surface. In this case, there are two rough boundaries. The rough surfaces vary in one horizontal direction so that the azimuthal asymmetry exists in the 3-D problem. Periodic boundary conditions were assumed. The results are compared with the previously published results from a rough surface over multi-layered media. It is shown that the ``two-layer'' periodic rough surfaces can reduce the vertical and horizontal brightness temperatures remarkably; the interactions between the two rough surfaces also enhance the third and fourth Stokes parameters, which disappear in new structure for the large dips in the vertical and horizontal brightness temperatures presented in the former Sastrugi structure. In particular, the fourth Stokes parameter can be larger than that in previous layered structure. In addition, for the case of sinusoidal rough surface without large slope with snow's permittivities, the top boundary rough only layered structure cannot support the large third and fourth Stokes parameters any longer while the two-layer rough surface structure can do still up to -34 K and 15 K, respectively. It is also found that the reason resulting in the large fourth Stokes parameter is caused by relative magnitude of permittivities of the two layers, all cases with large fourth Stokes parameter should satisfy the upper layer's permittivity larger than the lower one due to total internal reflection from the lower layer.

Citation

Copy Export

Peng Xu, Leung Tsang, and Kunshan Chen, "Fourth Stokes Parameter in Polarimetric Passive Remote Sensing from Two-Layer Rough Surfaces," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 129, 125-141, 2012.
doi:10.2528/PIER12040203

References

1. Veysoglu, M. E., H. A. Yueh, R. T. Shin, and J. A. Kong, "Polarimetric passive remote sensing of periodic surfaces," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 5, No. 3, 267-280, 1991.

2. Li, L., C. H. Chan, and L. Tsang, "Numerical simulation of conical diffraction of tapered electromagnetic waves from random rough surfaces and applications to passive remote sensing," Radio Science, Vol. 29, No. 3, 587-598, 1994.
doi:10.1029/94RS00511

3. Johnson, J. T., J. A. Kong, R. T. Shin, D. H. Staelin, K. O'Neill, and and A. W. Lohanick, "Third stokes parameter emission from a periodic water surface," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., Vol. 31, No. 5, 1066-1080, Sep. 1993.
doi:10.1109/36.263778

4. Li, L., P. Gaiser, M. R. Albert, D. G. Long, and E. M. Twarog, "WindSat passive microwave polarimetric signatures of the Greenland ice sheet," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., Vol. 46, No. 9, 2622-2631, Sep. 2008.
doi:10.1109/TGRS.2008.917727

5. Tsang, L., P. Xu, and K. S. Chen, "Third and fourth stokes parameters in polarimetric passive microwave remote sensing of rough surfaces over layered media," Microwave Opt. Technol.Lett., Vol. 50, No. 12, 3063-3069, 2008.
doi:10.1002/mop.23892

6. Petit, R. (ed.), Electromagnetic Theory of Gratings, Vol. 22 of Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg,New York, 1980.
doi:10.1007/978-3-642-81500-3

7. Kuo, C. H. and M. Moghaddam, "Scattering from multilayer rough surfaces based on the extended boundary condition method and truncated singular value decomposition," IEEE Trans. on Antennas Propag., Vol. 54, No. 10, 2917-2929, 2006.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2006.882160