Vol. 122
Latest Volume
All Volumes
PIER 180 [2024] PIER 179 [2024] PIER 178 [2023] PIER 177 [2023] PIER 176 [2023] PIER 175 [2022] PIER 174 [2022] PIER 173 [2022] PIER 172 [2021] PIER 171 [2021] PIER 170 [2021] PIER 169 [2020] PIER 168 [2020] PIER 167 [2020] PIER 166 [2019] PIER 165 [2019] PIER 164 [2019] PIER 163 [2018] PIER 162 [2018] PIER 161 [2018] PIER 160 [2017] PIER 159 [2017] PIER 158 [2017] PIER 157 [2016] PIER 156 [2016] PIER 155 [2016] PIER 154 [2015] PIER 153 [2015] PIER 152 [2015] PIER 151 [2015] PIER 150 [2015] PIER 149 [2014] PIER 148 [2014] PIER 147 [2014] PIER 146 [2014] PIER 145 [2014] PIER 144 [2014] PIER 143 [2013] PIER 142 [2013] PIER 141 [2013] PIER 140 [2013] PIER 139 [2013] PIER 138 [2013] PIER 137 [2013] PIER 136 [2013] PIER 135 [2013] PIER 134 [2013] PIER 133 [2013] PIER 132 [2012] PIER 131 [2012] PIER 130 [2012] PIER 129 [2012] PIER 128 [2012] PIER 127 [2012] PIER 126 [2012] PIER 125 [2012] PIER 124 [2012] PIER 123 [2012] PIER 122 [2012] PIER 121 [2011] PIER 120 [2011] PIER 119 [2011] PIER 118 [2011] PIER 117 [2011] PIER 116 [2011] PIER 115 [2011] PIER 114 [2011] PIER 113 [2011] PIER 112 [2011] PIER 111 [2011] PIER 110 [2010] PIER 109 [2010] PIER 108 [2010] PIER 107 [2010] PIER 106 [2010] PIER 105 [2010] PIER 104 [2010] PIER 103 [2010] PIER 102 [2010] PIER 101 [2010] PIER 100 [2010] PIER 99 [2009] PIER 98 [2009] PIER 97 [2009] PIER 96 [2009] PIER 95 [2009] PIER 94 [2009] PIER 93 [2009] PIER 92 [2009] PIER 91 [2009] PIER 90 [2009] PIER 89 [2009] PIER 88 [2008] PIER 87 [2008] PIER 86 [2008] PIER 85 [2008] PIER 84 [2008] PIER 83 [2008] PIER 82 [2008] PIER 81 [2008] PIER 80 [2008] PIER 79 [2008] PIER 78 [2008] PIER 77 [2007] PIER 76 [2007] PIER 75 [2007] PIER 74 [2007] PIER 73 [2007] PIER 72 [2007] PIER 71 [2007] PIER 70 [2007] PIER 69 [2007] PIER 68 [2007] PIER 67 [2007] PIER 66 [2006] PIER 65 [2006] PIER 64 [2006] PIER 63 [2006] PIER 62 [2006] PIER 61 [2006] PIER 60 [2006] PIER 59 [2006] PIER 58 [2006] PIER 57 [2006] PIER 56 [2006] PIER 55 [2005] PIER 54 [2005] PIER 53 [2005] PIER 52 [2005] PIER 51 [2005] PIER 50 [2005] PIER 49 [2004] PIER 48 [2004] PIER 47 [2004] PIER 46 [2004] PIER 45 [2004] PIER 44 [2004] PIER 43 [2003] PIER 42 [2003] PIER 41 [2003] PIER 40 [2003] PIER 39 [2003] PIER 38 [2002] PIER 37 [2002] PIER 36 [2002] PIER 35 [2002] PIER 34 [2001] PIER 33 [2001] PIER 32 [2001] PIER 31 [2001] PIER 30 [2001] PIER 29 [2000] PIER 28 [2000] PIER 27 [2000] PIER 26 [2000] PIER 25 [2000] PIER 24 [1999] PIER 23 [1999] PIER 22 [1999] PIER 21 [1999] PIER 20 [1998] PIER 19 [1998] PIER 18 [1998] PIER 17 [1997] PIER 16 [1997] PIER 15 [1997] PIER 14 [1996] PIER 13 [1996] PIER 12 [1996] PIER 11 [1995] PIER 10 [1995] PIER 09 [1994] PIER 08 [1994] PIER 07 [1993] PIER 06 [1992] PIER 05 [1991] PIER 04 [1991] PIER 03 [1990] PIER 02 [1990] PIER 01 [1989]
2011-11-21
Electrically Tunable Fabry-Perot Resonator Based on Microstructured Si Containing Liquid Crystal
By
Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 122, 293-309, 2012
Abstract
We have built Fabry-Pérot resonators based on microstructured silicon and a liquid crystal. The devices exhibit tuning of the resonance peaks over a wide range, with relative spectral shifts of up to Δλ/λ = 10%. In order to achieve this substantial spectral shift, cavity peaks of high order were used. Under applied voltages of up to 15 V, a variation in the refractive index of the nematic liquid crystal E7 from ΔnLC = 0.12 to ΔnLC = 0.17 was observed. These results may have practical applications in the near-, mid and far-infrared range.
Citation
Vladimir A. Tolmachev, Vasily A. Melnikov, Аnna V. Baldycheva, Kevin Berwick, and Tatiana S. Perova, "Electrically Tunable Fabry-Perot Resonator Based on Microstructured Si Containing Liquid Crystal," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 122, 293-309, 2012.
doi:10.2528/PIER11091506
References

1. Jalali, B. and S. Fathpour, "Silicon photonics," J. of Lightwave Techn., Vol. 24, No. 12, 4600-4615, 2005.
doi:10.1109/JLT.2006.885782

2. Vahala, K. J., "Optical microcavities," Nature, Vol. 424, 839-846, 2003.
doi:10.1038/nature01939

3. Kaklamani, D. I., "Full-wave analysis of a Fabry-Perot type resonator," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 24, 279-310, 1999.
doi:10.2528/PIER99042601

4. Busch, K. and S. John, "Liquid-crystal photonic-band-gap materials: The tunable electromagnetic vacuum," Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 83, No. 5, 967-970, 1999.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.967

5. Ghulinyan, M., C. J. Oton, G. Bonetti, Z. Gaburro, and L. Pavesi, "Free-standing porous silicon single and multiple optical cavities," J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 93, No. 12, 9724, 2003.
doi:10.1063/1.1578170

6. Weiss, S. M. and P. M. Faushet, "Electrically porous silicon active mirrors," Phys. Stat. Sol. (a), Vol. 197, No. 2, 556-560, 2003.
doi:10.1002/pssa.200306562

7. Ozaki, R., T. Matsui, M. Ozaki, and K. Yoshino, "Optical property of electro-tunable defect mode in 1D periodic structure with (liquid) crystal defect layer," Electronics and Communications in Japan, Part 2, Vol. 87, No. 5, 24-31, 2004.

8. Pucker, G., A. Mezzetti, M. Crivellari, P. Belluti, A. Lui, N. Daldosso, and L. Pavesi, "Silicon-based near-infrared tunable ¯lters ¯lled with positive or negative dielectric anisotropic liquid crystals ," J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 95, 767-769, 2004.
doi:10.1063/1.1630692

9. Anderson, S. P., M. Haurylau, J. Zhang, and P. M. Fauchet, "Hybrid photonic crystal microcavity switches on SOI," Proc. SPIE, Vol. 6477, 647712-1-8, 2007.

10. Tolmachev, V. A., V. A. Melnikov, V. Baldycheva, T. S. Perova, and G. I. Fedulova, "Design, fabrication and optical characterization of Fabry-Pérot tunable resonator based on microstructured Si and liquid crystal," Proc. SPIE, Vol. 7713, 771320-1, 2010.

11. Joannopoulos, J. D., R. D. Meade, and R. D. Winn, Photonic Crystals, 184, Princeton University Press, 1995.

12. Joannopoulos, J. D., S. G. Winn, and R. D. Meade, Photonic Crystals. Molding the Flow of Light, 2nd Ed., Princeton University Press, 2008.

13. Azzam, R. M. A. and N. M. Bashara, Ellipsometry and Polarized Light, 334, Amsterdam, North-Holland, 1977.

14. Palik, E. D., Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids, Academic Press, 1998.

15. Khoo, L. C., "The infrared optical nonlinearities of nematic liquid crystals and novel two-wave mixing processes ," J. Mod. Opt., Vol. 37, No. 11, 1801-1813, 1990.
doi:10.1080/09500349014552011

16. Tolmachev, V. A., T. S. Perova, and K. Berwick, "Design criteria and optical characteristics of one-dimensional photonic crystals based on periodically grooved silicon," Appl. Opt., Vol. 42, 56-79, 2003.

17. Tolmachev, V., T. Perova, E. Krutkova, and E. Khokhlova, "Elaboration of the gap map method for the design and analysis of one-dimensional photonic crystal structures ," Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures, Vol. 41, 1122-1126, 2009.
doi:10.1016/j.physe.2008.08.065

18. Baldycheva, A., T. Perova, and V. Tolmachev, "Formation of infrared regions of transparency in one-dimensional silicon photonic crystals," IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, Vol. 23, No. 4, 200-202, 2011.
doi:10.1109/LPT.2010.2096412

19. Tolmachev, V. A., T. S. Perova, and A. Baldycheva, "Transformaion of one-dimensional silicon photonic crystal into Fabry-Pérot resonator," Proc. SPIE, Vol. 7943, 79430E-1, 2011.

20. Tolmachev, V. A., E. V. Astrova, J. A. Pilyugina, T. S. Perova, R. A. Moore, and J. K. Vij, "1D photonic crystal fabricated by wet etching of silicon," Optical Materials, Vol. 27, No. 5, 831-835, 2005.
doi:10.1016/j.optmat.2004.08.019

21. Tolmachev, V. A., T. S. Perova, E. V. Astrova, B. Z. Volchek, and J. K. Vij, "Vertically etched silicon as 1D photonic crystal," Phys. Stat. Solidi (a), Vol. 197, No. 2, 544-549, 2003.
doi:10.1002/pssa.200306561

22. Data Sheet Licristal® E7, Merck KGaA, Germany, 2001.

23. Tolmachev, V. A., S. A. Grudinkin, J. A. Zharova, V. A. Melnikov, E. V. Astrova, and T. S. Perova, "Electro-tuning of the photonic band gap in SOI-based structures infiltrated with liquid crystal," Proc. SPIE, Vol. 6996, 69961Z, 2008.
doi:10.1117/12.786839

24. Wu, S., U. Efron, and L. V. D. Hess, "Infrared birefringence of liquid crystals," App. Phys. Lett., Vol. 44, No. 11, 1033-1035, 1984.
doi:10.1063/1.94635

25. Perova, T. S., V. A. Tolmachev, and E. V. Astrova, "Tunable photonic structures based on silicon and liquid crystals (Invited)," Proc. SPIE, Vol. 6801, 68010W, 2008.

26. Bruggeman, D. A. G., "Berechung verschiedener physikalisher Konstanten von heterogenen Substanzen," Ann. Phys., Vol. 24, 636-664, Leipzig, 1935.

27. Lipson, A. and E. M. Yeatman, "A 1-D photonic band gap tunable optical filter in (110) silicon," J. of Microelectromechanical Systems, Vol. 16, No. 3, 521-527, 2007.
doi:10.1109/JMEMS.2007.892894

28. Soref, R., "Mid-infrared photonics in silicon and germanium," Nature Photonics, Vol. 4, 495-497, 20101.

29. Smolyakov, A. I., E. A. Fourkal, S. I. Krasheninnikov, and N. Sternberg, "Resonant modes and resonant transmission in multi-layer structures," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 107, 293-314, 2010.
doi:10.2528/PIER10032706

30. Ni, J., B. Chen, S. L. Zheng, X.-M. Zhang, X.-F. Jin, and N. Chi, "Ultra-wideband on electrooptic phase modulator and phase-shift fiber Bragg grating," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 24, No. 5-6, 795-802, 2010.
doi:10.1163/156939310791036395

31. Manzanares-Martinez, J., R. Archuleta-Garcia, P. Castro-Garay, D. Moctezuma-Enriquez, and E. Urrutia-Banuelos, "One-dimensional photonic heterostructure with broadband omnidirectional reflection," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 111, 105-117, 2011.
doi:10.2528/PIER10110404

32. Wu, C.-J., Y.-C. Hsieh, and H.-T. Hsu, "Tunable photonic band gap in a doped semiconductor photonic crystal in near infrared region," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 114, 271-283, 2011.

33. Khalaj-Amirhosseini, M. and S. M. J. Razavi, "Wide-angle reflection wave polarizers using inhomogeneous planar layers," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 9, 9-20, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIERM09070301

34. Liu, Y. and Z. Lu, "Phase shift defect modes in one-dimensional asymmetrical photonic structures consisting of two rugate segments with different periodicities," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 112, 257-272, 2011.

35. Wu, C.-J., J.-J. Liao, and T.-W. Chang, "Tunable multilayer Fabry-Perot resonator using electro-optical defect layer," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 24, No. 4, 531-542, 2010.

36. Shchegolkov, D. Y., C. E. Heath, and E. I. Simakov, "Low loss metal diplexer and combiner based on a photonic band gap channel-drop filter at 109 GHz," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 111, 197-212, 2011.
doi:10.2528/PIER10110808

37. Hsu, H.-T., M.-H. Lee, T.-J. Yang, Y.-C. Wang, and C.-J. Wu, "A multichanneled filter in a photonic crystal containing coupled defects," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 117, 379-392, 2011.