Vol. 121
Latest Volume
All Volumes
PIER 180 [2024] PIER 179 [2024] PIER 178 [2023] PIER 177 [2023] PIER 176 [2023] PIER 175 [2022] PIER 174 [2022] PIER 173 [2022] PIER 172 [2021] PIER 171 [2021] PIER 170 [2021] PIER 169 [2020] PIER 168 [2020] PIER 167 [2020] PIER 166 [2019] PIER 165 [2019] PIER 164 [2019] PIER 163 [2018] PIER 162 [2018] PIER 161 [2018] PIER 160 [2017] PIER 159 [2017] PIER 158 [2017] PIER 157 [2016] PIER 156 [2016] PIER 155 [2016] PIER 154 [2015] PIER 153 [2015] PIER 152 [2015] PIER 151 [2015] PIER 150 [2015] PIER 149 [2014] PIER 148 [2014] PIER 147 [2014] PIER 146 [2014] PIER 145 [2014] PIER 144 [2014] PIER 143 [2013] PIER 142 [2013] PIER 141 [2013] PIER 140 [2013] PIER 139 [2013] PIER 138 [2013] PIER 137 [2013] PIER 136 [2013] PIER 135 [2013] PIER 134 [2013] PIER 133 [2013] PIER 132 [2012] PIER 131 [2012] PIER 130 [2012] PIER 129 [2012] PIER 128 [2012] PIER 127 [2012] PIER 126 [2012] PIER 125 [2012] PIER 124 [2012] PIER 123 [2012] PIER 122 [2012] PIER 121 [2011] PIER 120 [2011] PIER 119 [2011] PIER 118 [2011] PIER 117 [2011] PIER 116 [2011] PIER 115 [2011] PIER 114 [2011] PIER 113 [2011] PIER 112 [2011] PIER 111 [2011] PIER 110 [2010] PIER 109 [2010] PIER 108 [2010] PIER 107 [2010] PIER 106 [2010] PIER 105 [2010] PIER 104 [2010] PIER 103 [2010] PIER 102 [2010] PIER 101 [2010] PIER 100 [2010] PIER 99 [2009] PIER 98 [2009] PIER 97 [2009] PIER 96 [2009] PIER 95 [2009] PIER 94 [2009] PIER 93 [2009] PIER 92 [2009] PIER 91 [2009] PIER 90 [2009] PIER 89 [2009] PIER 88 [2008] PIER 87 [2008] PIER 86 [2008] PIER 85 [2008] PIER 84 [2008] PIER 83 [2008] PIER 82 [2008] PIER 81 [2008] PIER 80 [2008] PIER 79 [2008] PIER 78 [2008] PIER 77 [2007] PIER 76 [2007] PIER 75 [2007] PIER 74 [2007] PIER 73 [2007] PIER 72 [2007] PIER 71 [2007] PIER 70 [2007] PIER 69 [2007] PIER 68 [2007] PIER 67 [2007] PIER 66 [2006] PIER 65 [2006] PIER 64 [2006] PIER 63 [2006] PIER 62 [2006] PIER 61 [2006] PIER 60 [2006] PIER 59 [2006] PIER 58 [2006] PIER 57 [2006] PIER 56 [2006] PIER 55 [2005] PIER 54 [2005] PIER 53 [2005] PIER 52 [2005] PIER 51 [2005] PIER 50 [2005] PIER 49 [2004] PIER 48 [2004] PIER 47 [2004] PIER 46 [2004] PIER 45 [2004] PIER 44 [2004] PIER 43 [2003] PIER 42 [2003] PIER 41 [2003] PIER 40 [2003] PIER 39 [2003] PIER 38 [2002] PIER 37 [2002] PIER 36 [2002] PIER 35 [2002] PIER 34 [2001] PIER 33 [2001] PIER 32 [2001] PIER 31 [2001] PIER 30 [2001] PIER 29 [2000] PIER 28 [2000] PIER 27 [2000] PIER 26 [2000] PIER 25 [2000] PIER 24 [1999] PIER 23 [1999] PIER 22 [1999] PIER 21 [1999] PIER 20 [1998] PIER 19 [1998] PIER 18 [1998] PIER 17 [1997] PIER 16 [1997] PIER 15 [1997] PIER 14 [1996] PIER 13 [1996] PIER 12 [1996] PIER 11 [1995] PIER 10 [1995] PIER 09 [1994] PIER 08 [1994] PIER 07 [1993] PIER 06 [1992] PIER 05 [1991] PIER 04 [1991] PIER 03 [1990] PIER 02 [1990] PIER 01 [1989]
2011-11-02
Time-Domain Iterative Physical Optics Method for Analysis of EM Scattering from the Target Half Buried in Rough Surface: PEC Case
By
Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 121, 391-408, 2011
Abstract
In this paper, time-domain physical optics (TDPO) method is extended to its iterative version (TDIPO) to consider the coupling effects between two regions, and the latter is employed to investigate electromagnetic scattering from three dimensional target half-buried by a two dimensional rough surface. By using iterative scheme, more accurate transient response reflected from combinative target with multi-scattering effects would be obtained than that by using TDPO alone. The TDIPO could also be enhanced by time-domain equivalent edge current (TDEEC) to further determine the far-field characteristics of the combinative target with rough surface. An accurate composite geometry model technique which combines 2D perfectly electrically conducting (PEC) rough surface and half-buried 3D PEC target is introduced and employed to assist the meshing work. The validity of the presented method is verified by comparing the scattering results for dihedral targets with those obtained through TDPO and finite difference in time domain (FDTD), as well as multi-level fast multiple algorithm (MLFMA). Then simulations of EM scattering from the target embedded in rough surface for different incidence directions are carried out to test the availability of TDIPO/EEC. Discussions on the effects of incidence direction and the presence of the target on the backscattering in far-zone are also given.
Citation
Jie Li, Bing Wei, Qiong He, Li-Xin Guo, and De-Biao Ge, "Time-Domain Iterative Physical Optics Method for Analysis of EM Scattering from the Target Half Buried in Rough Surface: PEC Case," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 121, 391-408, 2011.
doi:10.2528/PIER11082906
References

1. Guan, B., J. F. Zhang, X. Y. Zhou, and T. J. Cui, "Electromagnetic scattering from objects above a rough surface using the method of moments with half-space Green's function," IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 47, 3399-3405, 2009.

2. Guo, L.-X., A.-Q. Wang, and J. Ma, "Study on EM scattering from 2-D target above 1-D large scale rough surface with low grazing incidence by parallel MoM based on PC clusters," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 89, 149-166, 2009.

3. Wang, X. and L.-W. Li, "Numerical characterization of bistatic scattering from PEC cylinder partially embedded in a dielectric ough surface interface: Horizontal polarization," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 91, 35-51, 2009.

4. Liu, P. and Y.-Q. Jin, "An FEM approach with FFT accelerated iterative robin boundary condition for electromagnetic scattering of a target with strong or weak coupled underlying randomly rough surface," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 53, 4134-4144, 2005.

5. Colak, D., R. J. Burkholder, and E. H. Newman, "On the convergence properties of the multiple sweep method of moments," Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal, Vol. 22, 207-218, Jul. 2007.

6. Ji, W.-J. and C.-M. Tong, "Bistatic scattering from two-dimensional dielectric ocean rough surface with a PEC object partially embedded by using the G-SMCG method," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 105, 119-139, 2010.

7. Wang, A. Q., L. X. Guo, and C. Chai, "Fast numerical method for electromagnetic scattering from an object above a large-scale layered rough surface at large incident angle: Vertical polarization," Applied Optics, Vol. 50, 500-508, Feb. 2011.

8. Rodriguez Pino, M., L. Landesa, J. L. Rodriguez, F. Obelleiro, and R. J. Burkholder, "The generalized forward-backward method for analyzing the scattering from targets on ocean-like rough surfaces," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 47, 961-969, 1999.

9. Li, Z. and Y.-Q. Jin, "Bistatic scattering and transmitting through a fractal rough surface with high permittivity using the physics-based two-grid method in conjunction with the forward-backward method and spectrum acceleration algorithm," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 50, 1323-1327, 2002.

10. Kubicke, G., C. Bourlier, and J. Saillard, "Scattering by an object above a randomly rough surface from a fast numerical method: Extended PILE method combined with FB-SA," Waves in Random and Complex Media, Vol. 18, 495-519, 2008.

11. Bourlier, C., G. Kubické, and N. Déchamps, "Fast method to compute scattering by a buried object under a randomly rough surface: PILE combined with FB-SA," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, Vol. 25, 891-902, 2008.

12. Jin, Y.-Q. and H. Ye, "Bistatic scattering from a 3D target above randomly rough surface," IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 57-60, 2007.

13. Zhang, X. Y. and X. Q. Sheng, "Highly efficient hybrid method for monostatic scattering by objects on a rough surface," IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, Vol. 4, 1597-1604, 2010.

14. Yang, W., Z. Zhao, C. Qi, W. Liu, and Z.-P. Nie, "Iterative hybrid method for electromagnetic scattering from a 3D object above a 2D random dielectric rough surface," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 117, 435-448, 2011.

15. Johnson, J. T., "A numerical study of scattering from an object above a rough surface," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 50, 1361-1367, 2002.

16. Dai, S.-Y., C. Zhang, and Z.-S. Wu, "Electromagnetic scattering of objects above ground using MRTD/FDTD hybrid method," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 23, No. 16, 2187-2196, 2009.

17. Wang, Y. H., Y. M. Zhang, M. X. He, and L. X. Guo, "Solution of scattering from rough surface with a 2D target above it by a hybrid method based on the reciprocity theorem and the forward-backward method," Chinese Physics B, Vol. 17, 3696-3703, Oct. 2008.

18. Xu, F. and Y.-Q. Jin, "Bidirectional analytic ray tracing for fast computation of composite scattering from electric-large target over a randomly rough surface," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 57, 1495-1505, 2009.

19. Bausssard, A., M. Rochdi, and A. Khenchaf, "PO/MEC-based scattering model for complex objects on a sea surface," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 111, 229-251, 2011.

20. Li, J., L.-X. Guo, and H. Zeng, "FDTD method investigation on the polarimetric scattering from 2-D rough surface," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 101, 173-188, 2010.

21. Li, J., L. X. Guo, Y. C. Jiao, and K. Li, "Investigation on wide-band scattering of a 2D target above 1D randomly rough surface by FDTD method," Optics Express, Vol. 19, 1091-1100, Jan. 2011.

22. Kuang, L. and Y. Q. Jin, "Bistatic scattering from a three-dimensional object over a randomly rough surface using the FDTD algorithm," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 55, 2302-2312, Aug. 2007.

23. Lee, S.-W., A. Ishimaru, and Y. Kuga, "Numerical analysis of scattered waves from rough surfaces with and without an object," Surface Scattering and Di®raction for Advanced Metrology II, Vol. 7-14, Seattle, WA, United States, Jul. 9, 2002.

24. Wang, R., L. X. Guo, J. Li, and X. Y. Liu, "Investigation on transient electromagnetic scattering from a randomly rough surface and the perfect electric conductor target with an arbitrary cross section above it," Science in China Series G --- Physics Mechanics & Astronomy, Vol. 52, 665-675, May 2009.

25. Sun, E.-Y. and W. V. T. Rusch, "Time-domain physical-optics," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 42, 9-15, 1994.

26. Ghaffar, A., A. A. Rizvi, and Q. A. Naqvi, "Fields in the focal space of symmetrical hyperboloidal focusing lens," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 89, 255-273, 2009.

27. Pelosi, G., R. Tiberio, S. Puccini, and S. Maci, "Applying GTD to calculate the RCS of polygonal plates," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 38, 1294-1298, 1990.

28. Hsu, H.-T., F.-Y. Kuo, and H.-T. Chou, "Convergence study of current sampling profiles for antenna design in the presence of electrically large and complex platforms using fit-UTD hybridization approach ," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 99, 195-209, 2009.

29. Lertwiriyaprapa, T., P. H. Pathak, and J. L. Volakis, "An approximate UTD ray solution for the radiation and scattering by antennas near a junction between two different thin planar material slab on ground plane," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 102, 227-248, 2010.

30. Ufimtsev, P. Y., "Method of edge waves in the physical theory of diffraction," Soviet Radio, Moscow, 1962.

31. Clemmow, P., "Edge currents in diffraction theory," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 4, 282-287, 1956.

32. Ryan, Jr., C., L. Peters, and Jr., "Evaluation of edge-diffracted fields including equivalent currents for the caustic regions," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 17, 292-299, 1969.

33. Wu, Z.-S., J.-J. Zhang, and L. Zhao, "Composite electromagnetic scattering from the plate target above a one-dimensional sea surface: Taking the diffraction into account," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 92, 317-331, 2009.

34. Michaeli, A., "Equivalent edge currents for arbitrary aspects of observation," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 32, 252-258, 1984.

35. Obelleiro-Basteiro, F., J. L. Rodriguez, and R. J. Burkholder, "Iterative physical optics approach for analyzing the electromagnetic scattering by large open-ended cavities," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 43, 356-361, 1995.

36. Lim, H. and N.-H. Myung, "A novel hybrid AIPO-MoM technique for jet engine modulation analysis," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 104, 85-97, 2010.

37. Guan, Y., S.-X. Gong, S. Zhang, B. Lu, and T. Hong, "A novel time-domain physical optics for computation of electromagnetic scattering of homogeneous dielectric objects," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 14, 123-134, 2010.

38. Qin, S.-T., S.-X. Gong, R. Wang, and L.-X. Guo, "A TDIE/TDPO hybrid method for the analysis of TM transient scattering from two-dimensional combinative conducting cylinders," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 102, 181-195, 2010.

39. Faghihi, F. and H. Heydari, "A combination of time domain finite element-boundary integral with time domain physical optics for calculation of electromagnetic scattering of 3D structures," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 79, 463-474, 2008.

40. Faghihi, F. and H. Heydari, "Time domain physical optics for the higher-order FDTD modeling in electromagnetic scattering from 3D complex and combined multiple materials objects," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 95, 87-102, 2009.

41. Yang, L.-X., D.-B. Ge, and B. Wei, "FDTD/TDPO hybrid approach for analysis of the EM scattering of combinative objects," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 76, 275-284, 2007.

42. Luo, W., W.-Y. Yin, M.-D. Zhu, and J.-Y Zhao, "Hybrid TDIE-TDPO method for studying on transient responses of some wire and surface structures illuminated by an electromagnetic pulse," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 116, 203-219, 2011.

43. Johansen, P. M., "Time-domain version of the physical theory of diffraction," EEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 47, 261-270, 1999.

44. Altintas, A. and P. Russer, "Time-domain equivalent edge currents for transient scattering," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 49, 602-606, 2001.

45. Sitek, A., R. H. Huesman, and G. T. Gullberg, "Tomographic reconstruction using an adaptive tetrahedral mesh defined by a point cloud," IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, Vol. 25, No. 9, 1172-1179, 2006.

46. Wang, A. Q., L. X. Guo, and C. Chai, "Numerical simulations of electromagnetic scattering from 2D rough surface: Geometric modeling by NURBS surface," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 24, No. 10, 1315-1328, 2010.

47. De Berg, M., O. Cheong, M. van Kreveld, and M. Overmars, "Computational Geometry --- Algorithms and Applications," Springer-Verlag, New York, 2008.