volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

A cylindrical wave expansion method is used to obtain the scattering field for a two dimensional cylindrical invisibility cloak incorporating perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC) at perturbed void region. A near-ideal model of the invisibility cloak is set up to solve the boundary-value problem at the inner boundary of the cloak shell. It is confirmed that a cloak with the ideal material is a perfect cloak by observing the change of the scattering coefficients from the near-ideal case to the ideal one. However, because of the slow convergence of the zeroth-order scattering coefficients, a tiny perturbation on the cloak would induce a noticeable field scattering. A better convergence rate of the scattering coefficients has been observed for decreasing δ in PEMC case.

1. Smith, , D. R., J. B. Pendry, and M. C. K. Wiltshire, "Metamaterials and negative reflection index," Science, Vol. 305, No. 5685, 788-792, 2004.
doi:10.1126/science.1096796

2. Shalaev, V. M., "Optical negative-index metamaterials," Nature Photonics, Vol. 1, 41-48, 2006.

3. Shelby, R. A., D. R. Smith, and S. Schults, "Experimental verification of a negative index of refraction," Science, Vol. 292, No. 5514, 77-79, 2001.
doi:10.1126/science.1058847

4. Pendry, J. B., "Negative refraction makes a perfect lens," Physical Review Letters, Vol. 85, No. 18, 3966-3969, 2000.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.3966

5. Pendry, J. B. and D. R. Schuring, "Controlling electromagnetic fields," Science, Vol. 312, No. 5781, 1780-1782, 2006.
doi:10.1126/science.1125907

6. Cummer, S. A., B. I. Popa, D. Schuring, D. R. Smith, and J. B. Pendry, "Full-wave simulations of electromagnetic cloaking structures," Physical Review E, Vol. 74, No. 3, 036621, 2006.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.74.036621

7. Schuring, D., J. J. Mock, B. J. Justice, S. A. Cummer, J. B. Pendry, A. F. Starr, and D. R. Smith, "Metamaterial electromagnetic cloak at microwave frequencies," Science, Vol. 314, No. 5801, 977-980, 2006.
doi:10.1126/science.1133628

8. Cai, W., U. K. Chettiar, A. V. Kildishev, and V. M. Shaleaev, "Optical cloaking with metamaterials," Nature Photonics, Vol. 1, 224-227, 2007.
doi:10.1038/nphoton.2007.28

9. Ruan, Z., M. Yan, C. W. Neff, and M. Qiu, "Ideal cylindrical cloak: Perfect but sensitive to tiny perturbations," Physical Review Letters, Vol. 99, No. 11, 113903, 2007.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.113903

10. Yan, M., Z. Ruan, and M. Qiu, "Cylindracal invisibility cloak with simplified material parameters is inherently visible," Physical Review Letters, Vol. 99, No. 23, 233901, 2007.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.233901

11. Greenleaf, A., Y. Kurylev, M. Lassas, and G. Uhlmann, "Improvement of cylindrical cloaking with the SHS lining," Optics Express, Vol. 15, No. 20, 12717-12734, 2008.
doi:10.1364/OE.15.012717

12. Yan, M., Z. Ruan, and M. Qiu, "Scattering characteristics of simplified cylindrical invisibility cloaks," Optics Express, Vol. 15, No. 26, 17770-17782, 2007.
doi:10.1364/OE.15.017772

13. Zhang, B., H. Chen, B. I. Wu, Y. Luo, L. Ran, and J. A. Kong, "Response of a cylindrical invisibility cloak to electromagnetic waves," Physical Review B (Condensed Matter and Materials Physics), Vol. 76, No. 12, 121101, 2007.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.76.121101

14. Cai, W., U. K. Chettiar, A. V. Kildishev, V. M. Shaleaev, and G. W. Milton, "Nonmagnetic cloak with minimized scattering," Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 91, No. 11, 111105, 2007.
doi:10.1063/1.2783266

15. Yan, W., M. Yan, Z. Ruan, and M. Qiu, "Coordinate transformation make perfect invisibility cloaks with arbitrary shape," New Journal of Physics, Vol. 10, No. 4, 043040, 13, 2008.
doi:10.1088/1367-2630/10/4/043040

16. Yan, W., M. Yan, Z. Ruan, and M. Qiu, "Influence of geometrical perturbation at inner boundaries of invisibility cloaks," Journal of the Optical Society of Amercia, Series A, Vol. 25, No. 4, 968-973, 2008.
doi:10.1364/JOSAA.25.000968

17. Zolla, F., S. Guenneau, A. Nicolet, and J. B. Pendry, "Electromagnetic analysis of cylindrical invisibility cloaks and the mirage effect," Optics Letters, Vol. 32, No. 9, 1069-1071, 2007.
doi:10.1364/OL.32.001069

18. Leonhardt, U. and T. G. Philbin, "General relativity in electrical engineering," New Journal of Physics, Vol. 8, 247, 2006.
doi:10.1088/1367-2630/8/10/247

19. Yan, W., M. Yan, and M. Qiu, "Necessary and sufficient conditions for reflectionless transformation media in an isotropic and homogenous background,", arxiv: 0806. 3231 v1, 2008.

20. Chen, H., B. I. Wu, B. Zhang, and J. A. Kong, "Electromagnetic waves interactions with a metamaterials cloak," Physical Review Letters, Vol. 99, No. 6, 063903, 2007.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.063903

21. Greenleaf, A., Y. Kurylev, M. Lassas, and G. Uhlmann, "Full-wave invisibility of active devices at all frequencies," Communications in Mathematical Physics, Vol. 275, 749-789, 2008.

22. Lindell , I. V. and A. H. Sihvola, "Perfect electromagnetic conductor," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 19, No. 7, 861-869, 2005.
doi:10.1163/156939305775468741

23. Lindell, I. V., Differential Forms in Electromagnetics, Wiley and IEEE Press, 2004.
doi:10.1002/0471723096

24. Lindell, I. V. and A. H. Sihvola, "Realization of the PEMC boundary," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 53, No. 9, 3012-3018, 2005.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2005.854524

25. Lindell, I. V. and A. H. Sihvola, "Transformation method for problems involving perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC) structures," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 53, No. 9, 3005-3011, 2005.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2005.854519

26. Ruppin, R., "Scattering of electromagnetic radiation by a perfect electromagnetic conductor cylinder," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 20, No. 13, 1853-1860, 2006.
doi:10.1163/156939306779292219

27. Lindell, I. V. and A. H. Sihvola, "Losses in PEMC boundary," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 54, No. 9, 2553-2558, 2006.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2006.880740

28. Sihvola, A. and I. V. Lindell, "Possible applications of perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC) media," Proc. EuCAP 2006, Nice, France, Nov. 6-10, 2006 (ESA SP-626, Oct. 2006).

29. Lindell, I. V. and A. H. Sihvola, "The PEMC resonator," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 20, No. 7, 849-859, 2006.
doi:10.1163/156939306776149824

30. Jancewicz, B., "Plane electromagnetic wave in PEMC," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 20, No. 5, 647-659, 2006.
doi:10.1163/156939306776137746

31. Ahmed, S. and Q. A. Naqvi, "Electromagnetic scattering from a perfect electromagnetic conductor cylinder buried in a dielectric half-space," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 78, 25-38, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIER07081601

32. Ahmed, S. and Q. A. Naqvi, "Electromagnetic scattering form parallel perfect electromagnetic conductor cylinders of circular cross-sections using iterative procedure," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 22, No. 7, 987-1003, 2008.
doi:10.1163/156939308784150209

33. Ahmed, S. and Q. A. Naqvi, "Electromagnetic scattering from a two dimensional perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC) strip and PEMC strip grating simulated by circular cylinders," Optics Communications, Vol. 281, 4211-4218, 2008.
doi:10.1016/j.optcom.2008.05.022

34. Ahmed, S. and Q. A. Naqvi, "Electromagnetic scattering from a perfect electromagnetic conductor cylinder coated with a metamaterial having negative permittivity and/or permeability," Optics Communications, Vol. 281, 5664-5670, 2008.
doi:10.1016/j.optcom.2008.09.011

35. Ahmed, S. and Q. A. Naqvi, "Electromagnetic scattering of two or more incident plane waves by a perfect electromagnetic conductor cylinder coated with a metamaterial," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 10, 75-90, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIERB08083101

36. Fiaz, M. A., A. Ghaffar, and Q. A. Naqvi, "High frequency expressions for the field in the caustic region of a PEMC cylindrical re°ector using Maslov's method," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 22, No. 2-3, 358-397, 2008.
doi:10.1163/156939308784160794

37. Fiaz, M. A., A. Aziz, A. Ghaffar, and Q. A. Naqvi, "High frequency expression for the field in the caustic region of a PEMC Gregorian system using Maslov's method," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 81, 135-148, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIER08010901

38. Illahi, A. and Q. A. Naqvi, "Scattering of an arbitrarily oriented dipole field by an infinite and a finite length PEMC circular cylinder," CEJP, in print, 2009.

39. Illahi, A., M. Afzaal, and Q. A. Naqvi, "Scattering of dipole field by a perfect electromagnetic conductor cylinder," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 4, 43-53, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIERL08051601

40. Shahzad, A., S. Ahmed, and Q. A. Naqvi, "Analysis of electromagnetic field due to a buried coated PEMC circular cylinder," Optics Communications, Vol. 283, 4563-4571, 2010.
doi:10.1016/j.optcom.2010.06.086

41. Ahmed, S., F. Mannan, A. Shahzad, and Q. A. Naqvi, "Electromagnetic scattering from a chiral-coated PEMC cylinder," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 19, 239-250, 2011.
doi:10.2528/PIERM11062901

Mr. Anjum Shahzad

Dr. Faheem Qasim

Dr. Shakeel Ahmed

Dr. Qaisar Naqvi