Vol. 112
Latest Volume
All Volumes
PIER 180 [2024] PIER 179 [2024] PIER 178 [2023] PIER 177 [2023] PIER 176 [2023] PIER 175 [2022] PIER 174 [2022] PIER 173 [2022] PIER 172 [2021] PIER 171 [2021] PIER 170 [2021] PIER 169 [2020] PIER 168 [2020] PIER 167 [2020] PIER 166 [2019] PIER 165 [2019] PIER 164 [2019] PIER 163 [2018] PIER 162 [2018] PIER 161 [2018] PIER 160 [2017] PIER 159 [2017] PIER 158 [2017] PIER 157 [2016] PIER 156 [2016] PIER 155 [2016] PIER 154 [2015] PIER 153 [2015] PIER 152 [2015] PIER 151 [2015] PIER 150 [2015] PIER 149 [2014] PIER 148 [2014] PIER 147 [2014] PIER 146 [2014] PIER 145 [2014] PIER 144 [2014] PIER 143 [2013] PIER 142 [2013] PIER 141 [2013] PIER 140 [2013] PIER 139 [2013] PIER 138 [2013] PIER 137 [2013] PIER 136 [2013] PIER 135 [2013] PIER 134 [2013] PIER 133 [2013] PIER 132 [2012] PIER 131 [2012] PIER 130 [2012] PIER 129 [2012] PIER 128 [2012] PIER 127 [2012] PIER 126 [2012] PIER 125 [2012] PIER 124 [2012] PIER 123 [2012] PIER 122 [2012] PIER 121 [2011] PIER 120 [2011] PIER 119 [2011] PIER 118 [2011] PIER 117 [2011] PIER 116 [2011] PIER 115 [2011] PIER 114 [2011] PIER 113 [2011] PIER 112 [2011] PIER 111 [2011] PIER 110 [2010] PIER 109 [2010] PIER 108 [2010] PIER 107 [2010] PIER 106 [2010] PIER 105 [2010] PIER 104 [2010] PIER 103 [2010] PIER 102 [2010] PIER 101 [2010] PIER 100 [2010] PIER 99 [2009] PIER 98 [2009] PIER 97 [2009] PIER 96 [2009] PIER 95 [2009] PIER 94 [2009] PIER 93 [2009] PIER 92 [2009] PIER 91 [2009] PIER 90 [2009] PIER 89 [2009] PIER 88 [2008] PIER 87 [2008] PIER 86 [2008] PIER 85 [2008] PIER 84 [2008] PIER 83 [2008] PIER 82 [2008] PIER 81 [2008] PIER 80 [2008] PIER 79 [2008] PIER 78 [2008] PIER 77 [2007] PIER 76 [2007] PIER 75 [2007] PIER 74 [2007] PIER 73 [2007] PIER 72 [2007] PIER 71 [2007] PIER 70 [2007] PIER 69 [2007] PIER 68 [2007] PIER 67 [2007] PIER 66 [2006] PIER 65 [2006] PIER 64 [2006] PIER 63 [2006] PIER 62 [2006] PIER 61 [2006] PIER 60 [2006] PIER 59 [2006] PIER 58 [2006] PIER 57 [2006] PIER 56 [2006] PIER 55 [2005] PIER 54 [2005] PIER 53 [2005] PIER 52 [2005] PIER 51 [2005] PIER 50 [2005] PIER 49 [2004] PIER 48 [2004] PIER 47 [2004] PIER 46 [2004] PIER 45 [2004] PIER 44 [2004] PIER 43 [2003] PIER 42 [2003] PIER 41 [2003] PIER 40 [2003] PIER 39 [2003] PIER 38 [2002] PIER 37 [2002] PIER 36 [2002] PIER 35 [2002] PIER 34 [2001] PIER 33 [2001] PIER 32 [2001] PIER 31 [2001] PIER 30 [2001] PIER 29 [2000] PIER 28 [2000] PIER 27 [2000] PIER 26 [2000] PIER 25 [2000] PIER 24 [1999] PIER 23 [1999] PIER 22 [1999] PIER 21 [1999] PIER 20 [1998] PIER 19 [1998] PIER 18 [1998] PIER 17 [1997] PIER 16 [1997] PIER 15 [1997] PIER 14 [1996] PIER 13 [1996] PIER 12 [1996] PIER 11 [1995] PIER 10 [1995] PIER 09 [1994] PIER 08 [1994] PIER 07 [1993] PIER 06 [1992] PIER 05 [1991] PIER 04 [1991] PIER 03 [1990] PIER 02 [1990] PIER 01 [1989]
2010-12-24
A New Low SAR Antenna Structure for Wireless Handset Applications
By
Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 112, 23-40, 2011
Abstract
This paper proposes a new mobile handset antenna structure to reduce the value of the specific absorption rate (SAR). The antenna is based on the PIFA structure and operates at dual-bands of 0.9 GHz and 1.8 GHz. The chassis current is reduced using a metallic shim-layer inserted between the patch and chassis. This shim-layer is connected to the handset chassis through posts whose number and positions are determined using optimization techniques. Sidewalls are attached to increase the gain of the antenna and reduce the radiation towards human head. Simulations in the cheek mode show that the SAR reduction factor (SRF) of the proposed structure averaged over 10-g is more than 75% at 0.9 GHz and 46% at 1.8 GHz. The SRF values obtained using simulations and measurements are found to be better than 51% and 76% at 0.9 GHz and 1.8 GHz, respectively.
Citation
Andi Hakim Kusuma, Abdel-Fattah Sheta, Ibrahim Elshafiey, Zeeshan Siddiqui, Majeed Alkanhal, Saeed Aldosari, Saleh A. Alshebeili, and Samir Mahmoud, "A New Low SAR Antenna Structure for Wireless Handset Applications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 112, 23-40, 2011.
doi:10.2528/PIER10101802
References

1. Christopoulou, M., S. Koulouridis and K. S. Nikita, "Parametric study of power absorption patterns induced in adult and child head models by small helical antennas," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 94, 49-67, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIER09031305

2. Hirata, A., K. Shirai and O. Fujiwara, "On averaging mass of SAR correlating with temperature elevation due to a dipole antenna," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 84, 221-237, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIER08072704

3. Mahmoud, K. R., M. El-Adawy, S. M. M. Ibrahem, R. Bansal and S. H. Zainud-Deen, "Investigating the interaction between a human head and a smart handset for 4G mobile communication systems," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 2, 169-188, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIERC08032405

4. Kouveliotis, N. K. and C. N. Capsalis, "Prediction of the SAR level induced in a dielectric sphere by a thin wire dipole antenna," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 80, 321-336, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIER07112804

5. Ebrahimi-Ganjeh, M. A. and A. R. Attari, "Interaction of dual band helical and PIFA handset antennas with human head and hand ," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 77, 225-242, 2007.
doi:10.2528/PIER07081804

6. IEEE Std C95.1-2005 "Safety levels with respect to human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz," IEEE Standard, 2006.

7. ICNIRP Guidelines "Guidelines for limiting exposure to time varying electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields up to 300 GHz," Health Phys., Vol. 74, No. 4, 1998.

8. Lazzi, G., J. Johnson, S. S. Pattnaik and O. P. Gandhi, "Experimental study on compact, high-gain, low SAR single- and dual-band patch antenna for cellular telephones," IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, Vol. 1, 130-133, 1998.

9. Park, J. D., B. C. Kim and H. D. Choi, "A low SAR design of folder type handset with dual antennas," IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, Vol. 2, 1005-1008, 2003.

10. Cheng, P.-C., C.-Y.-D. Sim and C.-H. Lee, "Multi-band printed internal monopole antenna for mobile handset applications," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 23, No. 13, 1733-1744, 2009.
doi:10.1163/156939309789566978

11. Zuo, S. L., Z. Y. Zhang and Y. Z. Yin, "A planar meander monopole antenna for DVB-H/GSM/DCS mobile handsets," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 23, No. 17-18, 2331-2337, 2009.
doi:10.1163/156939309790416107

12. Kivekas, O., J. Ollikainen, T. Lehtiniemi and P. Vainikainen, "Bandwidth, SAR, and efficiency of internal mobile phone antennas," IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., Vol. 46, No. 1, 71-86, 2004.
doi:10.1109/TEMC.2004.823613

13. Saraereh, O. A., M. Jayawardene, P. McEvoy and J. C. Vardax-oglou, "Simulation and experimental SAR and efficiency study for a dual-band PIFA handset antenna (GSM 900/DCS 1800) at var-ied distance from a phantom head," IEE Antenna Measurements and SAR, 5-8, 2004.
doi:10.1049/ic:20040066

14. Amos, S. V., M. S. Smith and D. Kitchmer, "Modeling of handset antenna interactions with the user and SAR reduction techniques," IEE National Conference on Antennas and Propagation, 12-15, York, UK, 1999.

15. Kitra, M. I., C. J. Panagamuwa, P. McEvoy, J. C. Vardaxoglou and J. R. James, "Low SAR ferrite handset antenna design," IEEE International Workshop on Antenna Technology Small Antennas and Novel Metamaterials, 144-147, 2006.
doi:10.1109/IWAT.2006.1608996

16. Kitra, M. I., C. J. Panagamuwa, P. McEvoy, J. C. Vardaxoglou and J. R. James, "Low SAR ferrite handset antenna design," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 55, No. 4, 1155-1164, 2007.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2007.893370

17. Wang, J., O. Fujiwara and T. Takagi, "Effect of ferrite sheet attachment to portable telephone in reducing electromagnetic absorption in human head," IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Vol. 2, 822-825, 1999.

18. Islam, M. T., M. R. I. Faruque and N. Misran, "Design analysis of ferrite sheet attachment for SAR reduction in human head," Progress In Electromagnetic Research, Vol. 98, 191-205, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIER09082902

19. Chou, H. H., H. T. Hsu, H. T. Chou, K. H. Liu and F. Y. Kuo, "Reduction of peak SAR in human head for handset applications with resistive sheets (R-Cards)," Progress In Electromagnetic Research, Vol. 94, 281-296, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIER09062702

20. Chan, K. H., L. C. Fung, S. W. Leung and Y. M. Siu, "Effect of internal patch antenna ground plane on SAR," 17th International Zurich Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 513-516, 2006.
doi:10.1109/EMCZUR.2006.214984

21. SEMCAD. SEMCAD Manual, Available online at http://www.semcad.com..

22. DASY5 Documentation, manufactured by SPEAG, http://www.speag.com..

23. Kusuma, A. H., "Antenna design for mobile terminals based on interactions with the human body ," MS Thesis, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 2010.

24. Elshafiey, I., A.-F. Sheta, S. Aldosari, M. A. Alkanhal and S. A. Alshebeili, "Multiobjective optimization for low SAR antenna design," IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology (ISSPIT), 213-218, 2009.
doi:10.1109/ISSPIT.2009.5407578

25. IEEE Std 1528-2003 "IEEE Recommended practice for determin-ing the peak spatial-average specific absorption rate (SAR) in the human head from wireless communications devices: Measurement techniques," IEEE Standard, 2003.

26. Du, Z., K. Gong and J. S. Fu, "A novel compact wide-band planar antenna for mobile handsets," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 54, No. 2, 613-619, 2006.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2005.863088

27. Ali, M., G. J. Hayes, H.-S. Hwang and R. A. Sadler, "Design of a multiband internal antenna for third generation mobile phone handsets,", Vol. 51, No. 7, 1452-1461, 2003.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2003.812282