Vol. 86
Latest Volume
All Volumes
PIER 180 [2024] PIER 179 [2024] PIER 178 [2023] PIER 177 [2023] PIER 176 [2023] PIER 175 [2022] PIER 174 [2022] PIER 173 [2022] PIER 172 [2021] PIER 171 [2021] PIER 170 [2021] PIER 169 [2020] PIER 168 [2020] PIER 167 [2020] PIER 166 [2019] PIER 165 [2019] PIER 164 [2019] PIER 163 [2018] PIER 162 [2018] PIER 161 [2018] PIER 160 [2017] PIER 159 [2017] PIER 158 [2017] PIER 157 [2016] PIER 156 [2016] PIER 155 [2016] PIER 154 [2015] PIER 153 [2015] PIER 152 [2015] PIER 151 [2015] PIER 150 [2015] PIER 149 [2014] PIER 148 [2014] PIER 147 [2014] PIER 146 [2014] PIER 145 [2014] PIER 144 [2014] PIER 143 [2013] PIER 142 [2013] PIER 141 [2013] PIER 140 [2013] PIER 139 [2013] PIER 138 [2013] PIER 137 [2013] PIER 136 [2013] PIER 135 [2013] PIER 134 [2013] PIER 133 [2013] PIER 132 [2012] PIER 131 [2012] PIER 130 [2012] PIER 129 [2012] PIER 128 [2012] PIER 127 [2012] PIER 126 [2012] PIER 125 [2012] PIER 124 [2012] PIER 123 [2012] PIER 122 [2012] PIER 121 [2011] PIER 120 [2011] PIER 119 [2011] PIER 118 [2011] PIER 117 [2011] PIER 116 [2011] PIER 115 [2011] PIER 114 [2011] PIER 113 [2011] PIER 112 [2011] PIER 111 [2011] PIER 110 [2010] PIER 109 [2010] PIER 108 [2010] PIER 107 [2010] PIER 106 [2010] PIER 105 [2010] PIER 104 [2010] PIER 103 [2010] PIER 102 [2010] PIER 101 [2010] PIER 100 [2010] PIER 99 [2009] PIER 98 [2009] PIER 97 [2009] PIER 96 [2009] PIER 95 [2009] PIER 94 [2009] PIER 93 [2009] PIER 92 [2009] PIER 91 [2009] PIER 90 [2009] PIER 89 [2009] PIER 88 [2008] PIER 87 [2008] PIER 86 [2008] PIER 85 [2008] PIER 84 [2008] PIER 83 [2008] PIER 82 [2008] PIER 81 [2008] PIER 80 [2008] PIER 79 [2008] PIER 78 [2008] PIER 77 [2007] PIER 76 [2007] PIER 75 [2007] PIER 74 [2007] PIER 73 [2007] PIER 72 [2007] PIER 71 [2007] PIER 70 [2007] PIER 69 [2007] PIER 68 [2007] PIER 67 [2007] PIER 66 [2006] PIER 65 [2006] PIER 64 [2006] PIER 63 [2006] PIER 62 [2006] PIER 61 [2006] PIER 60 [2006] PIER 59 [2006] PIER 58 [2006] PIER 57 [2006] PIER 56 [2006] PIER 55 [2005] PIER 54 [2005] PIER 53 [2005] PIER 52 [2005] PIER 51 [2005] PIER 50 [2005] PIER 49 [2004] PIER 48 [2004] PIER 47 [2004] PIER 46 [2004] PIER 45 [2004] PIER 44 [2004] PIER 43 [2003] PIER 42 [2003] PIER 41 [2003] PIER 40 [2003] PIER 39 [2003] PIER 38 [2002] PIER 37 [2002] PIER 36 [2002] PIER 35 [2002] PIER 34 [2001] PIER 33 [2001] PIER 32 [2001] PIER 31 [2001] PIER 30 [2001] PIER 29 [2000] PIER 28 [2000] PIER 27 [2000] PIER 26 [2000] PIER 25 [2000] PIER 24 [1999] PIER 23 [1999] PIER 22 [1999] PIER 21 [1999] PIER 20 [1998] PIER 19 [1998] PIER 18 [1998] PIER 17 [1997] PIER 16 [1997] PIER 15 [1997] PIER 14 [1996] PIER 13 [1996] PIER 12 [1996] PIER 11 [1995] PIER 10 [1995] PIER 09 [1994] PIER 08 [1994] PIER 07 [1993] PIER 06 [1992] PIER 05 [1991] PIER 04 [1991] PIER 03 [1990] PIER 02 [1990] PIER 01 [1989]
2008-10-16
Singular Integral Method for the Pulse-Modulated Microwave Electric Field Computations in a 3D Heart Model
By
Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 86, 217-228, 2008
Abstract
The electrodynamical rigorous solution of Maxwell's equations related to the microwave pulse propagation inside a threedimension heart model is presented here. The boundary problem was solved by using the singular integral equations' method. The carrier microwave frequency is 2.45 GHz. The pulse durations were always equal to 20 ms. The modulating signals are triangular video pulses with the on-off time ratio equal to 5 and 100. The model heart was limited by a non-coordinate shape surface and it consisted of two different size cavities. The heart cavities were schematic images of the left and right atriums and ventricles. In our calculations the cavities were filled with blood with the permittivity ε2 = 58 − i19 and the walls of the heart consisted of myocardium tissue with the permittivity ε1 = 55 − i17. Microwave electric field distributions were analysed at four longitudinal cross-sections of the heart model.
Citation
Liudmila Nickelson, Steponas Asmontas, Romanas Martavicius, and Vadim Engelson, "Singular Integral Method for the Pulse-Modulated Microwave Electric Field Computations in a 3D Heart Model," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 86, 217-228, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIER08091703
References

1. Rosen, A., A. J. Greenspon, and P. Walinsky, "Microwaves treat heart disease," IEEE Microwave Magazine, Vol. 8, No. 1, 70-75, 2007.

2. Barker, A. T., P. R. Jackson, H. Rarry, L. A. Coulton, G. G. Cook, and S. M. Wood, "The effect of GSM and TETRA mobile handset signals on blood pressure, catechol levels and heart rate variability," Bioelectromagnetics, Vol. 28, No. 6, 433-438, 2007.
doi:10.1002/bem.20333

3. Moore, S. K., "Electronic implants and electromagnetic pulses," IEEE Spectrum, Vol. 43, No. 3, 19-25, 2006.

4. Sanders, A. P., W. T. Joines, and J. W. Allis, "Effects of continuous-wave, pulsed, and sinusoidal-amplitude-modulated microwaves on brain energy metabolism," Bioelectromagnetics, Vol. 6, No. 1, 89-97, 1985.
doi:10.1002/bem.2250060109

5. Huber, R., V. Treyer, J. Schuderer, T. Berthold, A. Buck, N. Kuster, H. P. Landolt, and P. Achermann, "Exposure to pulse-modulated radio frequency electromagnetic fields affects regional cerebral blood flow," European Journal of Neuroscience, Vol. 21, No. 4, 1000-1006, 2005.
doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.03929.x

6. Maier, R., S. E. Greter, and N. Maier, "Effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on cognitive processes --- A pilot study on pulsed field interference with cognitive regeneration," Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, Vol. 110, No. 1, 46-52, 2004.
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.2004.00260.x

7. Beason, R. C. and P. Semm, "Responses of neurons to an amplitude modulated microwave stimulus," Neuroscience Letters Elsevier, Vol. 333, No. 3, 175-178, 2002.
doi:10.1016/S0304-3940(02)00903-5

8. Kubacki, R., "Biological interaction of pulse-modulated electromagnetic fields and protection of humans from exposure to fields emitted from radars," Proceedings of 17th International Conference on Microwaves, Radar and Wireless Communications, MIKON-N-2008, Vol. 2, 360-366, Wroclaw, Poland, May 19-21 2008.

9. Ahmed, S. and Q. A. Naqvi, "Electromagnetic scattering from parallel perfect electromagnetic conductor cylinders of circular cross-sections using an iterative procedure," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 22, No. 7, 987-1003, 2008.
doi:10.1163/156939308784150209

10. Ozgun, O. and M. Kuzuoglu, "Finite element analysis of electromagnetic scattering problems via iterative leap-field domain decomposition method," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 22, No. 2-3, 251-266, 2008.
doi:10.1163/156939308784160668

11. Liu, X., B. Z.Wang, and S. Lai, "Element-free Galerkin method in electromagnetic scattering field computation," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 21, No. 14, 1915-1923, 2007.
doi:10.1163/156939307783152920

12. Liu, Y., Z. Liang, and Z. Yang, "Computation of electromagnetic dosimetry for human body using parallel FDTD algorithm combined with interpolation technique," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 82, 95-107, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIER08021603

13. Zhang, H., S. Y. Tan, and H. S. Tan, "A novel method for microwave breast cancer detection," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 83, 413-434, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIER08062701

14. Ho, M., F.-S. Lai, S.-W. Tan, and P.-W. Chen, "Numerical simulation of propagation of EM pulse through Lossless non-uniform dielectric slab using characteristic-based method," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 81, 197-212, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIER08010303

15. Ho, M. and F. S Lai, "Effects of medium conductivity on electromagnetic pulse propagation onto dielectric half space: one-dimensional simulation using characteristic-based method," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 21, No. 13, 1773-1785, 2007.

16. Abd-El-Raouf, H. E. and R. Mittra, "Scattering analysis of dielectric coated cones," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 21, No. 13, 1857-1871, 2007.

17. Knisevskaja (Nickelson), L., V. Engelson, and K.-F. Berggren, "Singular integral equations’ method for computations of the scattering characteristics of a model heart exposed to electromagnetic radiation," Applied Mathematics and Computation Elsevier, Vol. 138, No. 2-3, 545-553, 2003.
doi:10.1016/S0096-3003(02)00177-7

18. Knisevskaja (Nickelson), L., V. Engelson, and K.-F. Berggren, "Accurate numerical method for calculating the diffraction characteristics of a human heart model," Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Vol. 43, No. 1, 13-16, Kaunas, Technologija, 2003.

19. Nickelson, L., S. Asmontas, V. Engelson, B. A. Galwas, and M. Tamosiuniene, "The computation of electrical fields on a heart model with a microwave catheter," Conference Proceedings of 15th International Conference on Microwaves, Radar and Wireless Communications, MIKON-2004, Vol. 3, 849-852, Warsaw, Poland, May 17-19 2004.

20. Nickelson, L., S. Asmontas, K. Pozela, and V. Engelson, "The electrical field distribution on a model heart when a microwave antenna is placed inside it," Proceedings of Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS2004), 265-268, Pisa, Italy, March 28-31 2004.

21. Nickelson, L., S. Asmontas, V. Malisauskas, R. Martavicius, and V. Engelson, "An electrodynamical analysis of a model heart," Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Vol. 63, No. 7, 57-61, Kaunas, Technologija, 2005.

22. Nickelson, L., S. Asmontas, V. Shugurov, R. Martavicius, and V. Malisauskas, "SIE method of analysing microwave fields of a 3D heart model," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 20, No. 2, 193-206, 2006.
doi:10.1163/156939306775777251

23. Nickelson, L., S. Asmontas, R. Martavicius, V. Engelson, and D. Zylkov, "Microwave pulses propagation inside of a 3D heart model," Proceedings of 17th International Conference on Microwaves, Radar and Wireless Communications, MIKON-2008, Vol. 3, 595-598, Wroclaw, Poland, May 19-21 2008.

24. Nickelson, L. and V. Shugurov, Singular Integral Equations’ Methods for the Analysis of Microwave Structures, 348, VSP Brill Academic Publishers, Leiden-Boston, 2005.

25. Beleckij, A. J. and V. P. Babak, The Determinate Signals and Spectrums, “Kit” Publishers, 2002 (in Russian).

26. Haberland, L., "Why is a higher biological relevance attached to importance of pulsed signals?," FGH-Newsletter, No. 2, 18-21, 2005.