volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

In order to meet the approximate plane-wave irradiation condition, adequate large field or compact range system is needed for RCS measurement of large aircraft targets. However, an outside testing field site or a compact range system is very expensive, so some kinds of RCS extrapolation methods based on near-distance testing have been presented. In this overview, two categories of extrapolating technique are summed up, which are based on Huygens Equivalent Reradiating Source (HERS) and Inverse Synthetic Aperture Imaging (ISAI) respectively. Each method is fully elaborated. The comparison and analysis of these extrapolating techniques are discussed in detail.

1. Knott, E. F., et al. Radar Cross Section, Artech House, Inc., 2004.

2. Falconer, D. G., "Extrapolation of near-field RCS measurements to the far zone," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagation, Vol. 36, No. 6, 822-829, 1988.
doi:10.1109/8.1184

3. Birtcher, C. R., C. A. Balanis, and V. J. Vokurka, "RCS measurements, transformations and comparisons under cylindrical and plane wave illumination," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagation, Vol. 42, No. 3, 329-333, 1994.
doi:10.1109/8.280718

4. Odendaal, J. W. and J. Joubert, "Radar cross section measurements using near-field radar imaging," IEEE Trans. on Instrumentation and Measurement, Vol. 45, No. 6, 948-954, 1996.
doi:10.1109/19.543991

5. LaHaie, I. J., "Overview of an image-based technique for predicting far field radar cross-section from near field measurements," IEEE Ant. Prop. Mag., Vol. 45, No. 6, 159-169, 2003.
doi:10.1109/MAP.2003.1282192

6. LaHaie, I. J., "An improved version of the circular near field-to-far field transformation (CNFFFT)," Proceedings of the 27th Annual Meeting of the Antenna Measurement Techniques Association (AMTA'05), 196-201, Newport, RI, 2005.

7. Gelius, L. J., "Electromagnetic scattering approximations revisited," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 76, 75-94, 2007.
doi:10.2528/PIER07062501

8. Leou, J. L. and H. J. Li, "Evaluation of bistatic far-field quantities from near-field measurements," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 25, 167-188, 2000.
doi:10.2528/PIER99060507

9. Melin, J., "Measuring radar cross section at short distances," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagation, Vol. 35, No. 6, 991-996, 1987.
doi:10.1109/TAP.1987.1144212

10. Broq Uetas, A., J. Palau, and L. Jofre, "Spherical wave near-field imaging and radar cross section measurement," IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 46, No. 5, 730-735, 1998.
doi:10.1109/8.668918

11. Cown, B. J. and C. E. Ryan, "Near-field scattering measurement for determining complextarget RCS," IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 37, No. 5, 576-585, 1989.
doi:10.1109/8.24185

12. Inasawa, Y., I. Chiba, and S. Makino, "Prediction of far-field bistatic scattering cross section using spherical, cylindrical and planar scanned near-field data," Proc. 11th conf. Antennas and Propagation, 599-602, 2001.

13. Chang, D. C., M. C. Tzay, and R. C. Chung, "Far field RCS prediction by near field RCS measurement," Proceedings of APMC, 2001.

14. Jarem, J. M., "Validation and numerical convergence of the Hankel-Bessel and Mathieu rigorous coupled wave analysis algorithms for radically and azimuthally inhomogeneous, elliptical, cylindrical systems," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 36, 153-177, 2002.
doi:10.2528/PIER02012503

15. Hu, W., H. Sun, and X. Lv, "Research on RCS measurement under non-far field condition," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagation, Vol. 51, No. 3, 392-395, 2003.

16. Zhang, H. Y., "RCS calculation, transformations and comparisons under spherical and plane wave illumination," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagation, Vol. 43, No. 12, 1918-1921, 1995.

17. Xin, Y. F. and P.-L. Rui, "Adaptively accelerated gmres fast fourier transform method for electromagnetic scattering," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 81, 303-314, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIER08011603

18. Weedon, W. H., "A step-frequency radar imaging system for microwave nondestructive evaluation," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 28, 121-146, 2000.
doi:10.2528/PIER99062501

19. Hu, C.-F., J.-D. Xu, N. Li, and L. Zhang, "Indoor accurate RCS measurement technique on UHF band," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 81, 279-289, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIER08011402

20. Li, H.-J., H.-C. Lin, C.-C. Chen, T.-Y. Liu, and Z.-Y. Lane, "Determination of propagation mechanisms using wideband measurement techniques," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 20, 283-299, 1998.
doi:10.2528/PIER98040500

21. Weedon, W. H., W. C. Chew, and P. E. Mayes, "A step-frequency radar imaging system for microwave nondestructive evaluation," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 28, 121-146, 2000.
doi:10.2528/PIER99062501

22. Gelius, L. J., "Electromagnetic scattering approximations revisited," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 76, 75-94, 2007.
doi:10.2528/PIER07062501

23. Mouysset, V., P. A. Mazet, and P. Borderies, "A new approach to evaluate accurately and efficiently electromagnetic fields outside a bounded zone with time-domain volumic methods," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 20, No. 6, 803-817, 2006.
doi:10.1163/156939306776143398

24. Rui, P.-L. and R.-S. Chen, "Implicitly restarted gmres fast Fourier transform method for electromagnetic scattering," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 21, No. 7, 973-986, 2007.
doi:10.1163/156939307780748968

25. Li, Y.-L., J.-Y. Huang, M.-J. Wang, and J. Zhang, "Scattering field for the ellipsoidal targets irradiated by an electromagnetic wave with arbitrary polarizing and propagating direction," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 1, 221-235, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIERL07120610

26. Li, X.-F., Y.-J. Xie, and R. Yang, "High-frequency method analysis on scattering from homogenous dielectric objects with electrically large size in half space," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 1, 177-188, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIERB07103001

27. Falconer, D. G., "Near-field statement of monostatic-bistatic theorem," Abstracts 1988 URSI Nat. Radio Science Meeting, Jan. 1988.

28. Lee, K.-C. and J.-S. Ou, "Radar target recognition by using linear discriminant algorithm on angular-diversity RCS," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 21, No. 14, 2033-2048, 2007.
doi:10.1163/156939307783152902

29. Li, Y.-L., J.-Y. Huang, M.-J. Wang, and S.-H. Gong, "The scattering cross section for a target irradiated by time-varying electromagnetic waves," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 21, No. 9, 1265-1271, 2007.

30. Li, Y.-L., J.-Y. Huang, and M.-J. Wang, "Scattering cross section for airborne and its application," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 21, No. 15, 2341-2349, 2007.
doi:10.1163/156939307783134254

31. D'Agostino, F., F. Ferrara, C. Gennarelli, R. Guerriero, and M. Migliozzi, "Near-field-far-field transformation technique with helicoidal scanning for elongated antennas," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 4, 249-261, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIERB08011503

Dr. Nan-Jing Li

Dr. Chu-Feng Hu

Professor Lin-Xi Zhang

Professor Jia-Dong Xu