volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

Communication systems operating at frequencies above 10 GHz in equatorial climates are subjected to many fade occurrences due to heavy rain. Rain rate analysis using 1-minute data for 10 years (1996-2006) measurements in Penang shows that the rain exceeded 126.8mm/h for 0.01% of a year (R_0.01). Simultaneous measurements of Ku-band rain attenuation give A_0.01 as 22 dB. The rain rate and attenuation are characterized by the presence of breakpoints in the respective exceedance curves. The attenuation exceeds the fade margin for about 8.8 hours in a year.

1. Crane, R. K., Electromagnetic Wave Propagation through Rain, John Wiley and Sons, 1996.

2. Ippolito, L. J. and Jr., Radiowave Propagation in Satellite Communication, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1986.

3. ITU-R, ``Propagation data, "Propagation data and prediction methods required for the design of earth-space telecommunication systems," International Telecommunication Union, 618-7, 2005.

4. Matricciani, E., "Service oriented statistics of interruption time due to rainfall in earth-space communication systems," IEEE Transaction on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 52, No. 8, 2083-2090, 2004.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2004.832374

5. Pan, Q. W., J. E. Allnutt, and F. Haidara, "12 GHz diurnal fade variations in the tropics," Electronic Letters, Vol. 18, 891-892, 2000.
doi:10.1049/el:20000528

6. Pan, Q. W. and J. E. Allnutt, "12-GHz fade durations and intervals in the tropics," IEEE Transaction on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 52, No. 3, 693-701, 2004.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2004.825483

7. Pan, Q. W., G. H. Bryant, J. McMohan, J. E. Allnutt, and F. Haidara, "High elevation angle satellite-to-earth 12 GHz propagation measurements in the tropics," Int. JSatel lite. Communi., Vol. 19, 363-384, 2001.

8. Ramachandran, V. and V. Kumar, "Rain attenuation measurement at 11.6 GHz in Suva, Fiji," Electronic Letters, Vol. 40, No. 1, 49-50, 2004.
doi:10.1049/el:20040019

9. Ramachandran, V. and V. Kumar, "Invariance of accumulation time factor of Ku-band signals in the tropics," Journal of Electromagn. Waves and Appl., Vol. 19, No. 11, 1501-1509, 2005.
doi:10.1163/156939305775701868

10. Mandeep, J. S. and J. E. Allnutt, "Rain attenuation predictions at Ku-band in South East Asia countries," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 76, 65-74, 2007.
doi:10.2528/PIER07062605

11. Panagopoulos, A. D. and G. E. Chatzarakis, "Outage performance of single/dual polarized fixed wireless access links in heavy rain climatic regions," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 21, No. 3, 283-297, 2007.
doi:10.1163/156939307779367387

12. Tseng, C.-H., K.-S. Chen, J. C. Shi, and C. H., "Chu prediction of Ka-band terrestrial rain attenuation using 2-year rain drop size distribution measurements in Northern Taiwan," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 19, No. 13, 1833-1841, 2005.
doi:10.1163/156939305775696793

13. Li, Y. and P. Yang, "The permittivity based on electromagnetic wave attenuation for rain medium and its applications," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 20, No. 15, 2231-2238, 2006.
doi:10.1163/156939306779322512

14. Georgiadou, E. M., A. D. Panagopoulos, and J. D. Kanellopoulos, "Millimeter wave pulse propagation through distorted raindrops for LOS Fixed Wireless Access channels," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 20, No. 9, 1235-1248, 2006.
doi:10.1163/156939306777442953

Dr. Mandeep Singh