volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

The group velocity dispersion (GVD) imposes severe limit on information carrying capacity of optical communication systems. By choosing appropriate pulse shape highly stable light pulses known as solitons are generated when effect of GVD is balanced by self-phase modulation (SPM). The application of solitons in communication systems opens the way to ultrahigh-speed information superhighways. Transmission speed of order of Tbit/s can be achieved if optical amplifiers are combined with WDM in soliton based communication systems.

1. Stolen, R. H. and C. Lin, "Self-phase modulation in silica optical fibers," Physical Review A, Vol. 17, No. 4, 1448-1453, 1978.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.17.1448

2. Agrawal, G. P., Fiber Optic Communication Systems, 2nd edition, 1997.

3. Hasegawa, A. and Y. Kodma, Soliton in Optical Communication, Clarendon Press, 1995.

4. Haus, H. and W. S. Wong, "Soliton in optical communications," Rev. Mod. Phys., Vol. 68, 432-444, 1996.
doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.68.423

5. Haus, H. A., "Optical fiber solitons: Their properties & uses," Proc. IEEE, Vol. 81, 970-983, 1993.

6. Chraplyvy, A. R. and R. W. Tkach, "Terabit/second transmission experiments," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., Vol. 34, 2103-2108, 1998.
doi:10.1109/3.726600

7. Tauser, F., F. Adler, and A. Leitenstorfer, "Widely tunable sub- 20 fs pulses from a compact erbium-doped fiber source," Opt. Lett., Vol. 29, 2004.
doi:10.1364/OL.29.000516

8. Yang, Y., C. Lou, H. Zhou, J. Wang, and Y. Gao, "Simple pulse compression scheme based on filtering self-phase modulationbroadened spectrum and its application in an optical time-division multiplexing systems," Appl. Opt., Vol. 45, 7524-7528, 2006.
doi:10.1364/AO.45.007524

9. Biswas, A. and S. Konar, "Soliton-solitons interaction with kerr law non-linearity," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 19, No. 11, 1443-1453, 2005.
doi:10.1163/156939305775701859

10. Sawetanshumala, S. J. and S. Konar, "Propagation of a mixture of modes of a laser beam in a medium with saturable nonlinearity," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 20, No. 1, 65-77, 2006.
doi:10.1163/156939306775777422

11. Mandal, B. and A. R. Chowdhary, "Spatial soliton scattering in a quasi phase matched quaderatic media in presence of cubic nonlinearity," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 21, No. 1, 123-135, 2007.
doi:10.1163/156939307779391704

12. Xiao, X. S., S. M. Gao, Y. Tian, and C. X. Yang, "Optimization of the net residual dispersion for self-phase modulation-impaired systems by perturbation theory," J. lightwave. Tech., Vol. 25, No. 3, 929-937, 2007.
doi:10.1109/JLT.2006.889689

13. Xiao, X. S., S. M. Gao, Y. Tian, and C. X. Yang, "Analytical optimization of net residual dispersion in SPM-limited dispersionmanaged systems," J. Lightwave. Tech., Vol. 24, No. 5, 2038-2044, 2006.
doi:10.1109/JLT.2006.872278

14. Yang, Y., C. Lou, H. Zhou, J. Wang, and Y. Gao, "Simple pulse compression scheme based on filtering self-phase modulationbroadened spectrum and its application in an optical time-division multiplexing systems," Appl. Opt., Vol. 45, 7524-7528, 2006.
doi:10.1364/AO.45.007524

15. Singh, S. P. and N. Singh, "Nonlinear effects in optical fibers: Origin, management and applications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 73, 249-275, 2007.
doi:10.2528/PIER07040201

16. Iwatsuki, K., A. Takada, and M. Saruwatari, "Observation of optical soliton propagation using 3 GHz gain-switched 1.3 μm laser diodes," Electron. Lett., Vol. 24, 1988.
doi:10.1049/el:19881072

17. Iwatsuki, K., A. Takada, M. Nishi, and M. Saruwatri, "3 GHz optical soliton propagation using all laser diodes," Electron. Lett., Vol. 25, 1989.

18. Nakazawa, M., K. Suzuki, and Y. Kimura, "Generation and transmission of optical solitons in the gigahertz region using a directly modulated distributed feedback laser diode," Opt. Lett., Vol. 15, 1990.

19. Morton, P. A., V. Mizrahi, G. T. Harvey, L. F. Mollenauer, T. Tanbun-Ek, R. A. Logan, H. M. Preby, T. Erdogan, A. M. Sergent, and K. W. Wecht, "Packaged hybrid soliton pulses source results and 270-terabit.km/sec soliton transmission," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., Vol. 7, 270, 1995.

20. Chestnut, D. A. and J. R. Taylor, "Compact, synchronously diode pumped tunable fiber Raman source of subpicosecond solitons around 1.6 μm," Opt. Lett., Vol. 29, 2004.
doi:10.1364/OL.29.000262

21. Efimov, A., A. J. Taylor, F. G. Omenetto, and E. Vanin, "Adaptive control of femtosecond soliton self-frequency shift in fibers," Opt. Lett., Vol. 29, 2004.
doi:10.1364/OL.29.000271

22. Tauser, F., F. Adler, and A. Leitenstorfer, "Widely tunable sub- 20 fs pulses from a compact erbium-doped fiber source," Opt. Lett., Vol. 29, 2004.
doi:10.1364/OL.29.000516

23. Biswas, A., S. Konar, and E. Zerrad, "Soliton-soliton interaction with parabolic law nonlinearity," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 20, No. 7, 927-939, 2006.
doi:10.1163/156939306776149833

24. Biswas, A., Shwetanshumala, and S. Konar, "Dynamically stable dispersion-managed optical solitons with parabolic law nonlinearity," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 20, No. 9, 1249-1258, 2006.
doi:10.1163/156939306777443006

Dr. Ramgopal Gangwar

Professor Sunil Singh

Professor Nar Singh