volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

A method for significantly improving the bandwidth of microstrip patch antennas is proposed, utilizing dual-layer metasurface (MS). The antenna employs coaxial probe feeding and consists of a truncated patch, an upper layer of 4 x 4 periodic N-shaped MS and a lower layer of 3×4 rectangular MS. By introducing multiple resonances via the dual-layer MSs, impedance matching of the patch antenna is greatly enhanced. Its overall geometric dimensions are 1.09λ₀ x 1.09λ₀ x 0.14λ₀ (f₀ = 5.5 GHz), and compared with patch antennas and single-layer metasurface antennas of the same size, it can substantially enhance the bandwidth and gain without significant cost and size increase. The proposed MS antenna operates from 4.7 to 6.66 GHz (39.8% fractional bandwidth), covering two-thirds of the C-band, with a peak realized gain of 9.3 dBi. Within 4.47-5.56 GHz, the realized gain of the antenna remains above 7.5 dBi, and the average gain across the entire operating band is 7 dBi.

1. Rana, Md. Sohel and Md. Mostafizur Rahman Smieee, "Design and analysis of microstrip patch antenna for 5G wireless communication systems," Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Vol. 11, No. 6, 3329-3337, Dec. 2022.

2. Lin, Shun-Yun and Kuang-Chih Huang, "A compact microstrip antenna for GPS and DCS application," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 53, No. 3, 1227-1229, Mar. 2005.

3. Patel, Devendra H. and G. D. Makwana, "A comprehensive review on multi-band microstrip patch antenna comprising 5G wireless communication," International Journal of Computing and Digital Systems, Vol. 11, No. 1, 941-953, Feb. 2022.

4. Derneryd, A., "A theoretical investigation of the rectangular microstrip antenna element," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 26, No. 4, 532-535, Jul. 1978.

5. Kara, Mehmet, "Closed-form expressions for the resonant frequency of rectangular microstrip antenna elements with thick substrates," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 12, No. 3, 131-136, Jun. 1996.

6. Kumar, Girish and Kamala Prasan Ray, Broadband Microstrip Antennas, Artech House, Dedham, MA, 2002.

7. Lam, Ka Yan, Kwai-Man Luk, Kai Fong Lee, Hang Wong, and Kung Bo Ng, "Small circularly polarized U-slot wideband patch antenna," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 10, 87-90, Feb. 2011.

8. Liu, Neng-Wu, Xin-Peng Chen, Lei Zhu, Xi Chen, Guang Fu, and Ying Liu, "Low-profile triple-band microstrip antenna via sharing a single multi-mode patch resonator," IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, Vol. 13, No. 10, 1580-1585, 2019.

9. Holloway, Christopher L., Edward F. Kuester, Joshua A. Gordon, John O'Hara, Jim Booth, and David R. Smith, "An overview of the theory and applications of metasurfaces: The two-dimensional equivalents of metamaterials," IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Vol. 54, No. 2, 10-35, Apr. 2012.

10. Chung, Kwok L. and Sarawuth Chaimool, "Diamagnetic metasurfaces for performance enhancement of microstrip patch antennas," Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP), 48-52, Rome, Italy, 2011.

11. Yang, Wanchen, Si Chen, Quan Xue, Wenquan Che, Guangxu Shen, and Wenjie Feng, "Novel filtering method based on metasurface antenna and its application for wideband high-gain filtering antenna with low profile," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 67, No. 3, 1535-1544, Mar. 2019.

12. Qu, Xin, Rongxian Bai, Peng Wang, Minquan Li, Zufeng Zhang, Shuang Xiao, Chen Li, and Guocui Zhu, "A single-fed broadband circularly polarized antenna based on rotating metasurface," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 146, 119-126, 2024.

13. Samantaray, Diptiranjan and Somak Bhattacharyya, "A gain-enhanced slotted patch antenna using metasurface as superstrate configuration," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 68, No. 9, 6548-6556, Sep. 2020.

14. Li, Wentao, Yi Ming Wang, Yongqiang Hei, Bo Li, and Xiaowei Shi, "A compact low-profile reconfigurable metasurface antenna with polarization and pattern diversities," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 20, No. 7, 1170-1174, Jul. 2021.

15. Liu, Feng, Jiayin Guo, Luyu Zhao, Guan-Long Huang, Yingsong Li, and Yingzeng Yin, "Dual-band metasurface-based decoupling method for two closely packed dual-band antennas," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 68, No. 1, 552-557, Jan. 2020.

16. Chen, Xue and Haipeng Dou, "Compact dual-band antenna based on dual-cap metasurface," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 128, 11-20, 2024.

17. Wang, Kai, Wei Shao, Xiao Ding, Bing-Zhong Wang, and Baojun Jiang, "Design of high-gain metasurface antenna based on characteristic mode analysis," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 21, No. 4, 661-665, Apr. 2022.

18. Lin, Feng Han and Zhi Ning Chen, "Resonant metasurface antennas with resonant apertures: Characteristic mode analysis and dual-polarized broadband low-profile design," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 69, No. 6, 3512-3516, Jun. 2021.

19. Yang, Fan and Yahya Rahmat-Samii, "Microstrip antennas integrated with electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structures: A low mutual coupling design for array applications," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 51, No. 10, 2936-2946, Oct. 2003.

20. Hussain, Niamat, Min-Joo Jeong, Anees Abbas, and Nam Kim, "Metasurface-based single-layer wideband circularly polarized MIMO antenna for 5G millimeter-wave systems," IEEE Access, Vol. 8, 130293-130304, Jul. 2020.

21. Alharbi, Mohammed S., Constantine A. Balanis, and Craig R. Birtcher, "Performance enhancement of square-ring antennas exploiting surface-wave metasurfaces," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 18, No. 10, 1991-1995, Oct. 2019.

22. Pozar, D. M., Microwave Engineering, Publishing-House-of-Electronics-Industry, NJ, USA, 2006.

23. Costa, Filippo, Olli Luukkonen, Constantin R. Simovski, Agostino Monorchio, Sergei A. Tretyakov, and Peter M. de Maagt, "TE surface wave resonances on high-impedance surface based antennas: Analysis and modeling," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 59, No. 10, 3588-3596, Oct. 2011.

24. Chen, Xudong, Tomasz M. Grzegorczyk, Bae-Ian Wu, Joe Pacheco, and Jin Au Kong, "Robust method to retrieve the constitutive effective parameters of metamaterials," Physical Review E, Vol. 70, No. 1, 016608, 2004.

25. Holloway, Christopher L., Andrew Dienstfrey, Edward F. Kuester, John F. O’Hara, Abul K. Azad, and Antoinette J. Taylor, "A discussion on the interpretation and characterization of metafilms/metasurfaces: The two-dimensional equivalent of metamaterials," Metamaterials, Vol. 3, No. 2, 100-112, 2009.

26. Kuester, Edward F., Mohamed A. Mohamed, Melinda Piket-May, and Christopher L. Holloway, "Averaged transition conditions for electromagnetic fields at a metafilm," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 51, No. 10, 2641-2651, Oct. 2003.

27. Economou, E. N., Th. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Strong diamagnetic response in split-ring-resonator metamaterials: Numerical study and two-loop model," Physical Review B, Vol. 77, No. 9, 092401, 2008.

Dr. Kangling Yang

Dr. Mingjiang Wang