volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

This paper presents a highly miniaturized self-quadplexing antenna based on a quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide. The miniaturization of the antenna is achieved by utilizing a pair of complementary split-ring resonator-inspired slots. The quadplexing characteristics of the antenna are achieved by varying the width of the inner CSRR-shaped slot. The antenna is designed to resonate at four distinct frequencies: 2.09 GHz, 2.18 GHz, 2.26 GHz, and 2.36 GHz. It demonstrates a minimum port isolation exceeding 32.6 dB between the ports. Additionally, this self-quadplexing antenna offers frequency tunability and maintains a unidirectional radiation pattern across the designated operating frequencies. The antenna's simulated and measured gains are 5.32 dBi (5.44 dBi), 5.58 dBi (5.42 dBi), 5.41 dBi (5.15 dBi), and 5.18 dBi (5.26 dBi). The design supports independent frequency tunability through the activation of four ports, with a compact size of 0.037 λ₀², where λ₀ is determined at lowest resonant frequency. These features indicate the antenna's suitability for S-band applications.

1. Lokeshwar, Bollavathi, Dorai Venkatasekhar, and Alapati Sudhakar, "Wideband low-profile SIW cavity-backed bilateral slots antenna for X-band application," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 97, 157-166, 2020.

2. Chaturvedi, Divya and Singaravelu Raghavan, "Compact QMSIW based antennas for WLAN/WBAN applications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 82, 145-153, 2018.

3. Chaturvedi, Divya and Arvind Kumar, "A QMSIW cavity-backed self-diplexing antenna with tunable resonant frequency using CSRR slot," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 23, No. 1, 259-263, 2023.

4. Gao, Mingming, Chunli Liu, Jingchang Nan, and Hongliang Niu, "A broadband SIW cavity-backed circular arc-shaped slot antenna for millimeter-wave applications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 117, 47-54, 2024.

5. Lokeshwar, Bollavathi, Jammalamadugu Ravindranadh, and Devabhaktuni Madhavi, "Design and analysis of a bandwidth enhanced low-profile SIW cavity-backed slot antenna using TE210 mode," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C., Vol. 125, 229-240, 2022.

6. Kumar, Arvind and Singaravelu Raghavan, "Planar cavity-backed self-diplexing antenna using two-layered structure," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 76, 91-96, 2018.

7. Bozzi, Maurizio, Anthimos Georgiadis, and Kaijie Wu, "Review of substrate-integrated waveguide circuits and antennas," IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, Vol. 5, No. 8, 909-920, 2011.

8. Deslandes, Dominic and Ke Wu, "Single-substrate integration technique of planar circuits and waveguide filters," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 51, No. 2, 593-596, 2003.

9. Iqbal, Amjad, Ismail Ben Mabrouk, Muath Al-Hasan, Mourad Nedil, and Tayeb A. Denidni, "Wideband substrate integrated waveguide antenna for full-duplex systems," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 21, No. 1, 212-216, 2021.

10. Deslandes, Dominic and Ke Wu, "Accurate modeling, wave mechanisms, and design considerations of a substrate integrated waveguide," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 54, No. 6, 2516-2526, 2006.

11. Althuwayb, Ayman A., "Design of highly compact self‐diplexing Y‐shaped slot antenna employing quarter‐mode substrate integrated waveguide," International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, Vol. 31, No. 10, e22827, 2021.

12. Pradhan, Nrusingha Charan, Karthikeyan Sholampettai Subramanian, Rusan Kumar Barik, and Qingsha S. Cheng, "A shielded-QMSIW-based self-diplexing antenna for closely spaced bands and high isolation," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 20, No. 12, 2382-2386, 2021.

13. Iqbal, Amjad, Muath Al-Hasan, Ismail Ben Mabrouk, and Mourad Nedil, "Ultracompact quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide self-diplexing antenna," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 20, No. 7, 1269-1273, 2021.

14. Dash, Sounik Kiran Kumar, Qingsha S. Cheng, Rusan Kumar Barik, Nrusingha Charan Pradhan, and Karthikeyan Sholampettai Subramanian, "A compact substrate integrated self-diplexing antenna for WiFi and ISM band applications," 2020 50th European Microwave Conference (EuMC), 232-235, IEEE, 2021.

15. Barik, R. K., Q. S. Cheng, S. K. K. Dash, N. C. Pradhan, and S. S. Karthikeyan, "Compact high-isolation self-diplexing antenna based on SIW for C-band applications," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 34, No. 7, 960-974, 2020.

16. Iqbal, Amjad, Jun Jiat Tiang, Ching Kwang Lee, and Nazih Khaddaj Mallat, "SIW cavity backed self-diplexing tunable antenna," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 69, No. 8, 5021-5025, 2021.

17. Iqbal, Amjad, Marwa Ammar Selmi, Lway Faisal Abdulrazak, Omar A. Saraereh, Nazih Khaddaj Mallat, and Amor Smida, "A compact substrate integrated waveguide cavity-backed self-triplexing antenna," IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, Vol. 67, No. 11, 2362-2366, 2020.

18. Priya, Shruti and Santanu Dwari, "A compact self-triplexing antenna using HMSIW cavity," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 19, No. 5, 861-865, 2020.

19. Nigam, Padmini, Rahul Agarwal, Arjuna Muduli, Sandeep Sharma, and Amrindra Pal, "Substrate integrated waveguide based cavity‐backed self‐triplexing slot antenna for X‐Ku band applications," International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, Vol. 30, No. 4, e22172, 2020.

20. Kumar, Arvind, Divya Chaturvedi, and Singaravelu Raghavan, "Low‐profile substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity‐backed self‐triplexed slot antenna," International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, Vol. 29, No. 3, e21606, 2019.

21. JayaPrakash, V. and D. S. Chandu, "Self-triplexing HMSIW antenna with enhanced isolation and extremely low frequency ratio," AEU --- International Journal of Electronics and Communications, Vol. 170, 154829, 2023.

22. Barik, Rusan Kumar and Slawomir Koziel, "Highly miniaturized self-quadruplexing antenna based on substrate-integrated rectangular cavity," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 22, No. 3, 482-486, 2022.

23. Naseri, Hassan, Peyman PourMohammadi, Amjad Iqbal, Ahmed A. Kishk, and Tayeb A. Denidni, "SIW-based self-quadruplexing antenna for microwave and mm-wave frequencies," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 21, No. 7, 1482-1486, 2022.

24. Kumar, Arvind, "Design of self-quadruplexing antenna using substrate-integrated waveguide technique," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 61, No. 12, 2687-2689, 2019.

25. JayaPrakash, V. and D. S. Chandu, "Self-isolated quadruplexing SIW antenna with extremely low frequency ratio for C-band applications," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 66, No. 2, 2024.

26. Singh, Abhay Kumar, et al. "Compact self-quadruplexing antenna based on SIW cavity-backed with enhanced isolation," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 110, 243-252, 2021.

27. Priya, Shruti, Santanu Dwari, Kundan Kumar, and Mrinal Kanti Mandal, "Compact self-quadruplexing SIW cavity-backed slot antenna," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 67, No. 10, 6656-6660, 2019.

28. Nigam, Padmini and Venkatesh Shenoy, "Self-quadplexing slot antenna for S-and C-band applications," Telecommunications and Radio Engineering, Vol. 82, No. 2, 17-30, 2023.

29. Dash, Sounik Kiran Kumar, Qingsha S. Cheng, and Rusan Kumar Barik, "A compact substrate integrated waveguide backed self‐quadruplexing antenna for C‐band communication," International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, Vol. 30, No. 10, e22366, 2020.

30. Kumar, Kundan, Shruti Priya, Santanu Dwari, and Mrinal Kanti Mandal, "Self-quadruplexing circularly polarized SIW cavity-backed slot antennas," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 68, No. 8, 6419-6423, 2020.

31. Katta, Anil Kumar and Praveen Babu Choppala, "A compact four port high-isolation SIW-backed self-quadruplexing antenna with a swastik shaped slot for C band applications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 143, 57-66, 2024.

32. Chaturvedi, Divya, Arvind Kumar, Ayman A. Althuwayb, and Farnaz Ahmadfard, "SIW‐backed multiplexing slot antenna for multiple wireless system integration," Electronics Letters, Vol. 59, No. 11, e12826, 2023.

33. Sharawi, Mohammad S., Abdelmoniem T. Hassan, and Muhammad U. Khan, "Correlation coefficient calculations for MIMO antenna systems: A comparative study," International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies, Vol. 9, No. 10, 1991-2004, 2017.

Mr. Matta Venkata Pullarao

Dr. Singam Aruna

Dr. Kethavathu Srinivasa Naik