volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

A very compact MIMO antenna for broad-band applications which covers the complete spectrum of X-band applications is represented here. The proposed element in the represented antenna covers a total volume of around 320 mm³. The isolation among radiating elements is improved by placing individual elements orthogonally thereby improving isolation better than 20 dB. This enhanced isolation helps to provide substantial MIMO parameters including ECC, TARC, channel capacity loss, and multiplexing efficiency. The devised antenna is compact (0.066λ × 0.066λ × 0.0024λ mm³) printed over an FR4 substrate which is widely available concerning 6.2 GHz to 11.2 GHz wireless applications. Fabrication of the above-mentioned proposed antenna is done and all the desired calculations are made desirably. Furthermore, the practically measured results conclude that the antenna-measured patterns well correspond to the simulated results.

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2. Suguna, N. and S. Revathi, "SRR & CSRR loading on monopole antenna for extreme wide band sub-mm wave and THz applications," 2021 IEEE International Conference on Mobile Networks and Wireless Communications (ICMNWC), 1-6, Tumkur, Karnataka, India, Dec. 2021.

3. Varma, J. Siddartha, Jyoti Ranjan Panda, G. Anjaneyulu, Sandeep Kumar Dash, and Sudhakar Sahu, "V-shaped asymmetric slit patch antenna for wireless applications loaded with dual complementary split ring resonators," 2023 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Applications (ICAIA) Alliance Technology Conference (ATCON-1), 1-3, Bangalore, India, Apr. 2023.

4. Soundarya, G. and N. Gunavathi, "Customized BC-CSRR loaded patch antenna for satellite communication," 2020 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI), 1-4, Coimbatore, India, Jan. 2020.

5. Wattakeekamthorn, Kamontip, Thanakit Wattakeekamthorn, Chatree Mahatthanajatuphat, Prayoot Akkaraekthalin, and Danai Torrungrueng, "Impedance matching optimization for GPS frequency band based on CSRR load technique neighboring triangular slot antenna," 2021 18th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology (ECTI-CON), 77-80, Chiang Mai, Thailand, May 2021.

6. Nandakumar, M., K. A. Ansal, Arjun B. Murali, Nina Cleetus, and Lakshmi Anil, "A CPW fed meandered metamaterial loaded antenna for wireless applications," 2021 2nd International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication, Embedded and Secure Systems (ACCESS), 1-5, Ernakulam, India, Sep. 2021.

7. Parashar, Rishi, Yogesh Bhomia, Devendra Soni, and Ritesh Kumar Saraswat, "A multiband antenna for WLAN and WiMAX wireless applications," 2020 IEEE 9th International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies (CSNT), 1-4, IEEE, Apr. 2020.

8. Kulkarni, Jayshri, Chow-Yen-Desmond Sim, Brian Garner, and Yang Li, "A dual-CP quad-port MIMO antenna with reduced mutual coupling for X-band application," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 22, No. 9, 2085-2089, May 2023.

9. Feng, Botao, Jiexin Lai, Qingsheng Zeng, and Kwok L. Chung, "A dual-wideband and high gain magneto-electric dipole antenna and its 3D MIMO system with metasurface for 5G/WiMAX/WLAN/X-band applications," IEEE Access, Vol. 6, 33387-33398, Jun. 2018.

10. Khan, Ijaz, Kuang Zhang, Luqman Ali, and Qun Wu, "A compact FSS based four-port MIMO antenna for low mutual coupling," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 22, No. 12, 2836-2840, Aug. 2023.

11. Tang, Zhijun, Xiaofeng Wu, Jie Zhan, Shigang Hu, Zaifang Xi, and Yunxin Liu, "Compact UWB-MIMO antenna with high isolation and triple band-notched characteristics," IEEE Access, Vol. 7, 19856-19865, Feb. 2019.

12. Zheng, Qi, Qi Zhao, Yan Qu, Xue-xia Yang, and Xiaoyan Pang, "Wideband and wide-angle RCS reduction of MIMO antennas using compensate-layered metasurface for cube satellite applications," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 72, No. 8, 6491-6499, Jul. 2024.

13. Li, Zhenya, Chengyou Yin, and Xiaosong Zhu, "Compact UWB MIMO Vivaldi antenna with dual band-notched characteristics," IEEE Access, Vol. 7, 38696-38701, Mar. 2019.

14. Rajesh, G. and R. Poonkuzhali, "Design and analysis of CPW fed ultrathin flexible MIMO antenna for UWB and X-band applications," IEEE Access, Vol. 12, 96704-96717, Jul. 2024.

15. Chen, Zhijian, Weisi Zhou, and Jingsong Hong, "A miniaturized MIMO antenna with triple band-notched characteristics for UWB applications," IEEE Access, Vol. 9, 63646-63655, Apr. 2021.

16. Zhang, Ke, Zhi Hao Jiang, Wen Long Zhou, Peng Peng, and Wei Hong, "A compact, band-notched ultra-wideband fully-recessed antenna with pattern diversity for v2x communications," IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 3, 1302-1312, Nov. 2022.

17. Jayant, Shailesh and Garima Srivastava, "Close-packed Quad-element Triple-band-notched UWB MIMO antenna with upgrading capability," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 71, No. 1, 353-360, Nov. 2022.

18. Hemalatha, T. and Bappadittya Roy, "Low-profile CO-CSRR and EBG loaded tri-quarter circular patch EWB MIMO antenna with multiple notch bands," IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 5, No. 3, 634-643, Mar. 2024.

19. Khan, Awais, Shahid Bashir, Salman Ghafoor, and Khurram Karim Qureshi, "Mutual coupling reduction using ground stub and EBG in a compact wideband MIMO-antenna," IEEE Access, Vol. 9, 40972-40979, Mar. 2021.

20. Zhang, Enze, Andrea Michel, Marcos Rodriguez Pino, Paolo Nepa, and Jinghui Qiu, "A dual circularly polarized patch antenna with high isolation for MIMO WLAN applications," IEEE Access, Vol. 8, 117833-117840, Jun. 2020.

21. Jabire, Adamu Halilu, Hamad M. Alkhoori, Adnan Ghaffar, Yanal S. Faouri, Abdulrahman Dahir, and Mousa I. Hussein, "Frequency and pattern reconfigurable CPW-fed MIMO antenna with multiband and wideband characteristics," IEEE Access, Vol. 12, 120165-120180, Aug. 2024.

22. Kumar, D. Rajesh, T. Sangeetha, K. G. Sujanth Narayan, G. Venkat Babu, V. Prithivirajan, and M. S. K. Manikandan, "A miniaturized CPW-fed CSRR-loaded quad-port MIMO antenna for 5.5/6.5 GHz wireless applications," International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies, Vol. 16, No. 1, 167-176, 2024.

23. Farooq, Muhammad Umer, Hafiz Muhammad Saleh, Muhammad Zahid, and Yasar Amin, "Dual band scorpion-shaped antenna for 5.8 GHz ISM band and X-band applications," 2023 7th International Multi-Topic ICT Conference (IMTIC), 1-4, Jamshoro, Pakistan, May 2023.

24. Patel, Abhishek, Trivesh Kumar, and Manoj Singh Parihar, "A SIW cavity backed dual band filtenna for X-band and Ku-band applications with controllable radiation nulls," 2023 IEEE Region 10 Symposium (TENSYMP), 1-5, Canberra, Australia, Sep. 2023.

25. Barzegari, Rahim, Changiz Ghobadi, Javad Nourinia, and Majid Shokri, "A dual-band dipole array antenna with fan-beam characteristics for C-and X-band applications," IEEE Access, Vol. 11, 67330-67338, Jul. 2023.

26. Phaneendra, Ch. Naga, K. V. Vamsi Ram, D. Naveen, L. Sreekar, and Ketavath Kumar Naik, "Design a multi-band MIMO patch antenna at X, K, and Ku band for wireless applications," 2022 Fourth International Conference on Emerging Research in Electronics, Computer Science and Technology (ICERECT), 1-6, Mandya, India, Dec. 2022.

27. Bhuiyan, Ashfak Nabid and Mohammad A. Matin, "A new frequency reconfigurable antenna for S-band, C-band and X-band applications," 2021 2nd International Conference for Emerging Technology (INCET), 1-4, Belagavi, India, May 2021.

28. Tripathi, Santosh Kumar and B. B. Tiwari, "Design of a reconfigurable slot antenna for WiMAX, C-band, and X-band applications," 2023 First International Conference on Microwave, Antenna and Communication (MAC), 1-4, Prayagraj, India, Mar. 2023.

29. Venkatachari, D., Sudhakar Sahu, and Naresh Kumar Darimireddy, "Dual band symmetrical semi cylindrical DRA with patch antenna for C and X-band applications," 2024 IEEE Wireless Antenna and Microwave Symposium (WAMS), 1-3, Visakhapatnam, India, Feb. 2024.

30. Ranjan, Prashant, Surjit Sur, and Vishal Kumar Pandey, "Multiple mode resonator based triple band filter for WLAN, intelligent transportation system, satellite communication and X-band applications," 2019 9th Annual Information Technology, Electromechanical Engineering and Microelectronics Conference (IEMECON), 247-250, Jaipur, India, Mar. 2019.

31. Chandra, Avinash, S. Aswath, N. Kishore, and V. Varun, "Dual polarized CPW-fed multi-band antenna for 5G, ISM, and X-band applications," 2024 Control Instrumentation System Conference (CISCON), 1-6, Manipal, India, Aug. 2024.

32. Undrasi, Anusha and Vikas V. Khairnar, "A compact dual-band linear-to-circular polarization conversion metasurface for X-band and Ku-band applications," 2023 IEEE Microwaves, Antennas, and Propagation Conference (MAPCON), 1-4, Ahmedabad, India, Dec. 2023.

33. Anand, Rohit, Nidhi Sindhwani, and Aman Dahiya, "Design of a high directivity slotted fractal antenna for C-band, X-band and Ku-band applications," 2022 9th International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development (INDIACom), 727-730, New Delhi, India, Mar. 2022.

34. Mishra, Brijesh, Ramesh Kumar Verma, N. Yashwanth, and Rakesh Kumar Singh, "A review on microstrip patch antenna parameters of different geometry and bandwidth enhancement techniques," International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies, Vol. 14, No. 5, 652-673, 2022.

35. Nagesh, Kallollu Narayaswamy, Penmatsa Krishna Kanth Varma, Brijesh Kumar, Rakesh Kumar Singh, Brijesh Mishra, and Dinesh Kumar Singh, "4-Port MIMO antenna with novel isolator conducting structure for sub-1 GHz/sub-6 GHz and RF-energy harvesting applications," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 37, No. 13, 1082-1105, 2023.

36. Sundaravadivel, P., D. Rajesh Kumar, Yuvaraj Padmanaban, and Om Prakash Kumar, "A versatile conformal circularly polarized quad-element antenna for X-band applications," Scientific Reports, Vol. 14, No. 1, 27721, 2024.

37. Jhunjhunwala, Vikash Kumar, Pramod Kumar, Arun P. Parameswaran, Pallavi R. Mane, Om Prakash Kumar, Tanweer Ali, Sameena Pathan, Shweta Vincent, and Praveen Kumar, "A four port flexible UWB MIMO antenna with enhanced isolation for wearable applications," Results in Engineering, Vol. 24, 103147, 2024.

38. Kumar, Om Prakash, Pramod Kumar, Tanweer Ali, Pradeep Kumar, et al. "A quadruple notch UWB antenna with decagonal radiator and Sierpinski square fractal slots," Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks, Vol. 12, No. 2, 24, 2023.

39. Kumar, Om Prakash, Pramod Kumar, Tanweer Ali, Pradeep Kumar, and Shweta Vincent, "Ultrawideband antennas: Growth and evolution," Micromachines, Vol. 13, No. 1, 60, 2021.

Ms. Janani Sasikumar

Dr. Venkat Koushick