volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

A triple band MIMO antenna is designed and analysed at sub-6GHz for 5G applications on an FR-4 substrate. This paper contains the transition of an antenna from a simple microstrip antenna to the proposed defected L-shaped microstrip patch antenna, which comprises single, 2-element MIMO, and 4-element MIMO antennas with permittivity of 4.3, and the dimensions of those antennas are 60 × 60 mm², 60 × 120 mm², and 120 × 120 mm² correspondingly. These antennas resonate at three resonant frequencies which are 3 GHz, 4.1 GHz and 5.2 GHz under sub-6 GHz. HFSS has been used to design these antennas and to obtain the parameters like S-parameters, gain, VSWR and MIMO parameters like ECC, DG, TARC, and MEG. At those resonant frequencies, single element antenna has S₁₁ of -26.83 dB, -20.06 dB, and -19.16 dB; two element MIMO antennas have S₁₁ of -22.7 dB, -40.09, and -20.54 dB; and quad element MIMO antennas have S₁₁ of -15 dB, -24.8 dB, and -22.7 dB. The overall antenna gains are 2.5061 dBi, 3.1903 dBi, and 4.2989 dBi for single, 2-port, and 4-port MIMO antennas. This antenna is well suited for a range of applications including FWA systems that utilize 3 GHz frequency, Smart Cities and connected vehicles that rely on 4.1 GHz, and high-bandwidth activities such as video streaming, cloud computing, and mission-critical communications that require 5.2 GHz. Additionally, it can support future developments in both 5G and Wi-Fi technologies.

1. Gong, YaoHuan, "Multiple input multiple out of smart antenna technology," ZTE Technology, Vol. 6, 19-21, 2002.

2. Li, Gang Ren and Mei Song, "MIMO technology in mobile communication," Modern Telecommunication Technology, Vol. 1, 42-45, 2004.

3. Foschini, Gerard J., "Layered space-time architecture for wireless communication in a fading environment when using multi-element antennas," Bell Labs Technical Journal, Vol. 1, No. 2, 41-59, 1996.
doi:10.1002/bltj.2015

4. Foschini, Gerard J. and Michael J. Gans, "On limits of wireless communications in a fading environment when using multiple antennas," Wireless Personal Communications, Vol. 6, 311-335, 1998.

5. ITU-R, "MT Vision-Framework and Overall Objectives of the Future Develop ment of IMT for 2020 and Beyond, document Recommendation ITU-R M.2083-0,", 1-21, 2015.

6. Kumar, Sumit, Amruta S. Dixit, Rajeshwari R. Malekar, Hema D. Raut, and Laxmikant K. Shevada, "Fifth generation antennas: A comprehensive review of design and performance enhancement techniques," IEEE Access, Vol. 8, 163568-163593, 2020.

7. Sarkar, Debdeep and Kumar Vaibhav Srivastava, "Four element dual-band sub-6 GHz 5G MIMO antenna using SRR-loaded slot-loops," 2018 5th IEEE Uttar Pradesh Section International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (UPCON), 1-5, Gorakhpur, India, 2018.

8. Swindlehurst, A. Lee, Ender Ayanoglu, Payam Heydari, and Filippo Capolino, "Millimeter-wave massive MIMO: The next wireless revolution?," IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 52, No. 9, 56-62, Sep. 2014.

9. Tuovinen, Tommi, Nuutti Tervo, and Aarno Pärssinen, "Analyzing 5G RF system performance and relation to link budget for directive MIMO," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 65, No. 12, 6636-6645, 2017.

10. Paulraj, Arogyaswami J., Dhananjay A. Gore, Rohit U. Nabar, and Helmut Bolcskei, "An overview of MIMO communications-a key to gigabit wireless," Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 92, No. 2, 198-218, 2004.
doi:10.1109/JPROC.2003.821915

11. Sharawi, Mohammad S., Printed MIMO Antenna Engineering, Artech House, 2014.

12. Jha, Kumud Ranjan, Z. A. Pandit Jibran, Chitra Singh, and Satish Kumar Sharma, "4-port MIMO antenna using common radiator on a flexible substrate for sub-1GHz, sub-6GHz 5G NR, and Wi-Fi 6 applications," IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 2, 689-701, 2021.

13. Barani, Imee Ristika Rahmi and Kin-Lu Wong, "Integrated inverted-F and open-slot antennas in the metal-framed smartphone for 2×2 LTE LB and 4×4 LTE M/HB MIMO operations," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 66, No. 10, 5004-5012, 2018.

14. Liu, Da Qing, Ming Zhang, He Jia Luo, Huai Lin Wen, and Jun Wang, "Dual-band platform-free PIFA for 5G MIMO application of mobile devices," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 66, No. 11, 6328-6333, 2018.

15. Huang, Jianlin, Guiting Dong, Jing Cai, Han Li, and Gui Liu, "A quad-port dual-band MIMO antenna array for 5G smartphone applications," Electronics, Vol. 10, No. 5, 542, 2021.

16. Srivastava, Kunal, Ashwani Kumar, Binod K. Kanaujia, Santanu Dwari, and Sachin Kumar, "A CPW-fed UWB MIMO antenna with integrated GSM band and dual band notches," International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, Vol. 29, No. 1, e21433, 2019.

17. Karaboikis, M., C. Soras, G. Tsachtsiris, and V. Makios, "Compact dual-printed inverted-F antenna diversity systems for portable wireless devices," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 3, 9-14, 2004.

18. Sharawi, Mohammad S., Ahmed B. Numan, and Daniel N. Aloi, "Isolation improvement in a dual-band dual-element MIMO antenna system using capacitively loaded loops," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 134, 247-266, 2013.

19. Yoo, S. and S. Kahng, "A compact MIMO antenna using ZOR split ring resonator radiators with a decoupling structure," Microwave Journal, Vol. 54, No. 11, S26-S31, Nov. 2022.

20. Li, Hui, Jiang Xiong, Zhinong Ying, and Sailing He, "High isolation compact four-port MIMO antenna systems with built-in filters as isolation structure," Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, 1-4, 2010.

21. Chou, Hsi-Tseng, Hao-Chung Cheng, Heng-Tung Hsu, and Li-Ruei Kuo, "Investigations of isolation improvement techniques for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) WLAN portable terminal applications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 85, 349-366, 2008.

22. Zhu, Fu Guo, Jia Dong Xu, and Qian Xu, "Reduction of mutual coupling between closely-packed antenna elements using defected ground structure," 2009 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Microwave, Antenna, Propagation and EMC Technologies for Wireless Communications, 1-4, Beijing, China, 2009.

23. Han, Min-Seok and Jaehoon Choi, "Multiband MIMO antenna with a band stop filter for high isolation characteristics," 2009 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 1-4, North Charleston, SC, USA, 2009.

24. Min, Kyeong-Sik, Dong-Jin Kim, and Young-Min Moon, "Improved MIMO antenna by mutual coupling suppression between elements," The European Conference on Wireless Technology, 125-128, Paris, France, 2005.

25. Hsu, Chih-Chun, Ken-Huang Lin, Hsin-Lung Su, Hung-Hsuan Lin, and Chin-Yih Wu, "Design of MIMO antennas with strong isolation for portable applications," 2009 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 1-4, North Charleston, SC, USA, 2009.

26. Lee, Youngki, Haeil Chung, Jaegeun Ha, and Jaehoon Choi, "Design of a MIMO antenna with improved isolation using meta-material," 2011 International Workshop on Antenna Technology (iWAT), 231-234, Hong Kong, China, 2011.

27. Sarabandi, Kamal and Young Jun Song, "Subwavelength radio repeater system utilizing miniaturized antennas and metamaterial channel isolator," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 59, No. 7, 2683-2690, 2011.

28. Keriee, Hussam, Mohamad Kamal A. Rahim, Osman Ayop, Nawres Abbas Nayyef, Mustafa Ghanim, O. R. Alobaidi, Bashar Esmail, and Yaqdhan Mahmood Hussein, "A slotted planar antenna for 5G applications," ELEKTRIKA --- Journal of Electrical Engineering, Vol. 21, No. 2, 11-14, 2022.
doi:10.11113/elektrika.v21n2.350

29. Thanuku, Nayani, S. Ashok Kumar, and T. Shanmuganantham, "Design of 4-element MIMO antenna for ISM band applications," 2019 IEEE Indian Conference on Antennas and Propogation (InCAP), 1-4, Ahmedabad, India, 2019.

30. Parchin, Naser Ojaroudi, Yasir I. A. Al-Yasir, Ahmed M. Abdulkhaleq, Haleh Jahanbakhsh Basherlou, Atta Ullah, and Raed A. Abd-Alhameed, "A new broadband MIMO antenna system for sub 6 GHz 5G cellular communications," 2020 14th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), 1-4, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2020.

31. Govardhani, I., M. Venkata Narayana, A. Navya, A. Venkatesh, S. Charles Spurjeon, S. Sai Venkat, and S. Sanjay, "Design of high directional crossed dipole antenna with metallic sheets for UHF and VHF applications," International Journal of Engineering & Technology, Vol. 7, 42-50, 2017.
doi:10.14419/ijet.v7i1.5.9120

32. Imamdi, G., M. Venkata Narayan, A. Navya, and A. Roja, "Reflector array antenna design at millimetric (mm) band for on the move applications," ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 13, No. 1, 352-359, 2018.

33. Immadi, Govardhani, M. Venkata Narayana, A. Navya, C. Anudeep Varma, A. Abhishek Reddy, A. Manisai Deepika, and K. Kavya, "Analysis of substrate integrated frequency selective surface antenna for IoT applications," Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vol. 18, No. 2, 875-881, 2020.
doi:10.11591/ijeecs.v18.i2.pp875-881

34. Reddy, Katireddy Harshitha, Madhavareddy Venkata Narayana, Govardhani Immadi, Penke Satyanarayana, Kolasani Rajkamal, and Ambati Navya, "A low-profile electrically small antenna with a circular slot for global positioning system applications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 133, 27-38, 2023.
doi:10.2528/PIERC23021601

35. Rao, Lavuri Nageswara, Govardhani Immadi, Madhava RV Narayana, Ambati Navya, Aovuthu Sree Madhuri, and Kolasani Rajkamal, "A compact multiband hybrid rectangular DRA for wireless applications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 117, 89-96, 2024.

36. Majji, Naveen Kumar, Venkata Narayana Madhavareddy, Govardhani Immadi, Navya Ambati, and Sree Madhuri Aovuthu, "Analysis of a compact electrically small antenna with SRR for RFID applications," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, Vol. 14, No. 1, 12457-12463, Feb. 2024.
doi:10.48084/etasr.6418

37. Kumar, M. Naveen, M. Venkata Narayana, Govardhani Immadi, P. Satyanarayana, and Ambati Navya, "Analysis of a low-profile, dual band patch antenna for wireless applications," AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Vol. 7, No. 2, 171-186, 2023.
doi:10.3934/electreng.2023010

38. Majji, Naveen Kumar, Venkata Narayana Madhavareddy, Govardhani Immadi, and Navya Ambati, "A low-profile electrically small serrated rectangular patch antenna for RFID applications," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, Vol. 14, No. 2, 13611-13616, Apr. 2024.
doi:10.48084/etasr.6989

39. Narayana, Madhavareddy Venkata, Govardhani Immadi, Ambati Navya, Maringanti Venkata Swathi, Muralidharan Nikhitha, Bhavanam Vineetha, and Gottapu Chinmai Anantha Shanmukha Swaroop, "Analysis of a quad port dual band MIMO antenna for sub-6 GHz applications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 105, 137-151, 2024.
doi:10.2528/PIERB24021504

Dr. Govardhani Immadi

Dr. Madhavareddy Venkata Narayana

Ms. Ambati Navya

Dr. Aovuthu Sree Madhuri

Dr. Burra Vamsi Krishna

Dr. Marri Venkata Siva Gopi