volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

Characterization of radio frequency electromagnetic field exposure levels is considered crucial for green and sustainable wireless-empowered campuses. To investigate the university campus electromagnetic characteristics, we conducted concurrent environment-oriented and human-centric measurement campaigns with broadband and frequency selective methodologies, respectively. The broadband results are derived after processing samples of 6-minute averages of measured electric and magnetic field values, taken at various university indoor and outdoor spots using broadband survey meter. Comparative analysis of broadband measurements shows that campus outdoor electric field levels in the sub 3 GHz band average around 1.67 V/m are at least twice higher than the ones recorded in indoor environments such as dormitories, labs, and classrooms. Students' exposure pattern in the 88 MHz-6 GHz range is derived after post-processing of more than 340 thousand electric field samples which were taken every 5 seconds at various campus environments using narrowband frequency selective measurement equipment. The comparison of cumulative distribution functions per wireless technology and environment shows that Wi-Fi is the main contributor to students' personal exposure levels in indoor environments and exceeds the 2G-5G mobile communication emitted electric fields in campus outdoor environments. The presented results can be used for exposure-aware heterogeneous network planning and optimization in university campuses or comparable environments.

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Dr. Doruntinё Berisha

Dr. Hëna Maloku Berzati

Dr. Jeta Dobruna

Dr. Zana Limani Fazliu

Dr. Mimoza Ibrani