volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

At present, numerical methods suitable for the electromagnetic interference (EMI) analysis of the transmission line (TL) excited by the leakage electromagnetic (EM) fields generated by the integrated circuit (IC) of the electronic device are still rare. An efficient time domain hybrid method, consisting of the dynamic differential evolution (DDE) algorithm, transmission line equations, finite difference time domain (FDTD) method and non-uniform grid technique, is presented to realize the fast simulation of the leakage EM fields to the TL. Firstly, a source reconstruction method based on the DDE algorithm is employed to extract the equivalent dipole array to represent the leakage EM radiation from the IC of the device. Then, the coupling model of the TL excited by the leakage EM fields is constructed by the TL equations and non-uniform grid technique, and solved by the FDTD method to realize the synchronous calculation of the leakage EM field radiation and the transient responses on the TL. Finally, the correctness of the source reconstruction method has been tested, and the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method have been verified via two simulation cases of the transmission line excited by leakage EM fields arising from IC in free space and shielded enclosure by comparing with that of the MOM method.

1. Gao, Z., X. C. Li, and J. F. Mao, "Equivalent radiation source reconstruction based on artificial neural network for electromagnetic interference prediction," Asia-Pacific International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (APEMC), 1-4, Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia, 2021.

2. Shu, Y. F., X. C.Wei, R. Yang, and E. X. Liu, "An iterative approach for EMI source reconstruction based on phaseless and single-plane near-field scanning," IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Vol. 60, No. 4, 937-944, 2018.
doi:10.1109/TEMC.2017.2756902

3. Liu, Q. F., N. Chao, H. Q. Zhang, and W. Y. Yin, "Lumped-network FDTD method for simulating transient responses of RF amplifiers excited by intentional electromagnetic interference signals," IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Vol. 63, No. 5, 1512-1521, 2021.
doi:10.1109/TEMC.2021.3061682

4. Rajamani, V., C. F. Bunting, M. D. Deshpande, and Z. A. Khan, "Validation of modal/MoM in shielding effectiveness studies of rectangular enclosures with aperture," IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Vol. 48, No. 2, 348-353, 2006.
doi:10.1109/TEMC.2006.873864

5. Carpes, W. P., L. Pichon, and A. Razek, "Analysis of the coupling of an incident wave with a wire inside a cavity using an FEM in frequency and time domains," IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Vol. 44, No. 3, 470-475, 2002.
doi:10.1109/TEMC.2002.801767

6. Tong, X., D. W. P. Thomas, A. Nothofer, P. Sewell, and C. Christopoulos, "Modeling electromagnetic emissions from printed circuit boards in closed environments using equivalent dipoles," IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Vol. 52, No. 2, 462-470, 2010.
doi:10.1109/TEMC.2010.2044181

7. Li, P., F. R. Yang, and W. Y. Xu, "An efficient approach for analyzing shielding effectiveness of enclosure with connected accessory based on equivalent dipole modeling," IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Vol. 58, No. 1, 103-110, 2016.
doi:10.1109/TEMC.2015.2496144

8. Ji, Z., D. Pommerenke, and J. Fan, "Determining equivalent dipoles using a hybrid source-reconstruction method for characterizing emissions from integrated circuits," IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Vol. 59, No. 2, 567-575, 2017.
doi:10.1109/TEMC.2016.2638758

9. Zhang, L. Y., L. Zhang, B. Wang, S. Liu, and C. Papavassiliou, "Hybrid prediction method for the electromagnetic interference characteristics of printed circuit boards based on the equivalent dipole model and the finite-difference time domain method," IEEE Access, Vol. 6, 6520-6529, 2018.
doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2782879

10. Shu, Y. F., X. C. Wei, J. Fan, R. Yang, and Y. B. Yang, "An equivalent dipole model hybrid with artificial neural network for electromagnetic interference prediction," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 67, No. 5, 1790-1797, 2019.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2019.2905238

11. Wen, J., L. Ding, Y. L. Zhang, and X. C. Wei, "Equivalent electromagnetic hybrid dipole based on cascade-forward neural network to predict near-field magnitude of complex environmental radiation," IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques, Vol. 5, 227-234, 2020.
doi:10.1109/JMMCT.2020.3027899

12. Wen, J., X. C. Wei, Y. L. Zhang, and T. H. Song, "Near-field prediction in complex environment based on phaseless scanned fields and machine learning," IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Vol. 63, No. 2, 571-579, 202.
doi:10.1109/TEMC.2020.3004251

13. Xiang, F. P., E. P. Li, X. C. Wei, and J. M. Jin, "A particle swarm optimization-based approach for predicting maximum radiated emission from PCBs with dominant radiators," IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Vol. 57, No. 5, 1197-1205, 2015.
doi:10.1109/TEMC.2015.2414174

14. Wang, B. F., E. N. Liu, W. J. Zhao, and C. E. Png, "Reconstruction of equivalent emission sources for PCBs from near-field scanning using a differential evolution algorithm," IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Vol. 60, No. 6, 1670-1677, 2018.
doi:10.1109/TEMC.2017.2769103

15. Song, T. H., X. C. Wei, J. J. Ju, W. T. Liang, and R. X. K. Gao, "An effective EMI source reconstruction method based on phaseless near-field and dynamic differential evolution," IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Vol. 64, No. 5, 1506-1513, 2022.
doi:10.1109/TEMC.2022.3181142

16. Xie, L. and Y. Z. Lei, "Transient response of a multiconductor transmission line with nonlinear terminations excited by an electric dipole," IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Vol. 51, No. 3, 805-810, 2009.
doi:10.1109/TEMC.2009.2023327

17. Yan, L. P., X. D. Zhang, X. Zhao, and X. L. Zhou, "A fast and efficient analytical modeling approach for external electromagnetic field coupling to transmission lines in a metallic enclosure," IEEE Access, Vol. 6, 50272-50277, 2018.
doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2867686

18. Wang, X. J., L. X. Wang, J. L. Zhou, X. Lu, M. J. Yuan, and J. Y. Zhou, "A hybrid CN-FDTD-SPICE solver for field-circuit analyses in low-frequency wideband problems," IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 10, No. 10, 1721-1728, 2020.
doi:10.1109/TCPMT.2020.3020193

19. Seifi, Z., A. Ghorbani, and A. Abdipour, "Time-domain analysis and experimental investigation of electromagnetic wave coupling to RF/microwave nonlinear circuits," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 35, No. 1, 51-70, 2021.
doi:10.1080/09205071.2020.1825994

20. Ye, Z. H., C. C. Lu, and Y. Zhang, "Coupling analysis of penetrated wire connecting two electronic devices using a time domain hybrid method," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 63, No. 9, 2359-2363, 2021.
doi:10.1002/mop.32916

21. Yan, Y. J., L. Meng, X. L. Liu, T. Y. Jiang, J. Chen, and G. J. Zhang, "An FDTD method for the transient terminal response of twisted-wire pairs illuminated by an external electromagnetic field," IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Vol. 60, No. 2, 435-443, 2018.
doi:10.1109/TEMC.2017.2729662

22. Ye, Z., X.-Z. Xiong, C. Liao, and Y. Li, "A hybrid method for electromagnetic coupling problems of transmission lines in cavity based on FDTD method and transmission line equation," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 42, 85-93, 2015.
doi:10.2528/PIERM15032605

23. Slattery, K. and C. Wei, "Measuring the electric and magnetic near fields in VLSI devices," IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Vol. 2, 887-892, Seattle, WA, USA, 1999.

24. Qing, A., "Dynamic differential evolution strategy and applications in electromagnetic inverse scattering problems," IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 44, No. 1, 116-125, 2006.
doi:10.1109/TGRS.2005.859347

25. Rotgerink, J. L., R. Serra, and F. Leferink, "Multiconductor transmission line modeling of crosstalk between cables in the presence of composite ground planes," IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Vol. 63, No. 4, 1231-1239, 2021.
doi:10.1109/TEMC.2020.3040689

26. MacGillivray, J. T., "Trillion cell CAD-based cartesian mesh generator for the finite-difference time-domain method on a single-processor 4-GB workstation," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 56, No. 8, 2187-2190, 2008.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2008.926790

Dr. Zhihong Ye

Dr. Sihao Wang

Dr. Changchang Lu

Dr. Yu Zhang