volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

Frequency diversity array (FDA) can generate distance and angle dependent ``S'' beam patterns, but there is a problem of distance and angle coupling, which can be well solved by using nonlinear frequency offset in recent years' research. The rotational symmetry of the arc-shaped structure brings the beam scanning capability of the array antenna within a range of 360°, which can realize the all-round monitoring of the target position, and provides a more flexible method for radar communication. In this paper, a nonlinear frequency offset based frequency diversity arc array (FDAA) beam scanning method is proposed, which activates the selection matrix according to the target direction. In order to form equal phase plane beam scanning, phase compensation between array elements is carried out, and three kinds of nonlinear frequency bias are introduced to simulate beampattern synthesis. Compared with the traditional linear frequency offset FDAA, the numerical simulation results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the scheme.

1. Antonik, P., M. C. Wicks, H. D. Griffiths, and C. J. Baker, "Frequency diverse array radars," 2006 IEEE Conference on Radar, IEEE, Verona, NY, USA, 2006.

2. Wang, W. Q., "Frequency diverse array antenna: New opportunities," IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Vol. 57, No. 2, 145-152, 2015.
doi:10.1109/MAP.2015.2414692

3. Ivashina, M. V., R. Maaskant, and B.Woestenburg, "Equivalent system representation to model the beam sensitivity of receiving antenna arrays," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 7, 733-737, 2008.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2008.2006917

4. Wang, W. Q., "Range-angle dependent transmit beampattern synthesis for linear frequency diverse arrays," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 61, No. 8, 4073-4081, 2013.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2013.2260515

5. Wang, Y., W. Q. Wang, and H. Chen, "Linear frequency diverse array manifold geometry and ambiguity analysis," IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol. 15, No. 2, 984-993, 2015.
doi:10.1109/JSEN.2014.2359074

6. Liao, T., Y. Pan, and W. Q. Wang, "Generalized linear frequency diverse array manifold curve analysis," IEEE Signal Processing Letters, Vol. 25, No. 6, 768-772, 2018.
doi:10.1109/LSP.2018.2825288

7. Wang, Y. and S. Zhu, "Range ambiguous clutter suppression for FDA-MIMO forward looking airborne radar based on main lobe correction," IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 70, No. 3, 2032-2046, 2021.
doi:10.1109/TVT.2021.3057436

8. Gui, R., W. Q. Wang, A. Farina, and H. C. So, "FDA radar with doppler-spreading consideration: Mainlobe clutter suppression for blind-doppler target detection," Signal Processing, Vol. 179, 107773, 2021.
doi:10.1016/j.sigpro.2020.107773

9. Khan, W., I. M. Qureshi, A. Basit, A. N. Malik, and A. Umar, "Performance analysis of MIMO- frequency diverse array radar with variable logarithmic offsets," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 62, 23-34, 2016.

10. Nusenu, S. Y., H. Chen, W.-Q. Wang, S. Ji, and O. A. K. Opuni-Boachie, "Frequency diverse array using Butler matrix for secure wireless communications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 63, 207-215, 2018.
doi:10.2528/PIERM17101305

11. Wang, W. Q., H. C. So, and H. Shao, "Nonuniform frequency diverse array for range-angle imaging of targets," IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol. 14, No. 8, 2469-2476, 2014.
doi:10.1109/JSEN.2014.2304720

12. Khan, W., I. M. Qureshi, and S. Saeed, "Frequency diverse array radar with logarithmically increasing frequency offset," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 14, 499-502, 2015.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2014.2368977

13. Gao, K., W. Q. Wang, J. Cai, and X. Jie, "Decoupled frequency diverse array range-angle-dependent beampattern synthesis using non-linearly increasing frequency offsets," IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, Vol. 10, No. 8, 880-884, 2016.
doi:10.1049/iet-map.2015.0658

14. Shao, H., J. Dai, J. Xiong, H. Chen, and W. Q. Wang, "Dot-shaped range-angle beampattern synthesis for frequency diverse array," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 15, 1703-1706, 2016.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2016.2527818

15. Chen, B., X. Chen, Y. Huang, and J. Guan, "Transmit beampattern synthesis for the FDA radar," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 17, No. 1, 98-101, 2018.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2017.2776957

16. Basit, A., I. M. Qureshi, W. Khan, S. U. Rehman, and M. M. Khan, "Beam pattern synthesis for an FDA radar with hamming window-based nonuniform frequency offset," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 16, 2283-2286, 2017.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2017.2714761

17. Liao, Y., W. Q. Wang, and Z. Zheng, "Frequency diverse array beampattern synthesis using symmetrical logarithmic frequency offsets for target indication," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 67, No. 5, 3505-3509, 2019.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2019.2900353

18. Zubair, M., S. Ahmed, and M. S. Alouini, "Frequency diverse array radar: New results and discrete fourier transform based beampattern," IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Vol. 68, 2670-2681, 2020.
doi:10.1109/TSP.2020.2985587

19. Liao, Y., H. Tang, X. Chen, and W. Q. Wang, "Frequency diverse array beampattern synthesis with Taylor windowed frequency offsets," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 19, No. 11, 1901-1905, 2020.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2020.3024710

20. Wang, W. Q. and H. C. So, "Transmit subaperturing for range and angle estimation in frequency diverse array radar," IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Vol. 62, No. 8, 2000-2011, 2014.
doi:10.1109/TSP.2014.2305638

21. Nusenu, S. Y, A. Basit, and E. Asare, "FDA transmit beamforming synthesis using Chebyshev window function technique to counteract deceptive electronic countermeasures signals," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 90, 53-60, 2020.
doi:10.2528/PIERL19121005

22. Wang, Z., T. Mu, Y. Song, and Z. Ahmad, "Beamforming of frequency diverse array radar with nonlinear frequency offset based on logistic map," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 64, 55-63, 2018.
doi:10.2528/PIERM17103101

23. Xu, W., J. Hu, P. Huang, W. Tan, and Y. Dong, "Multiaperture antenna architecture design for azimuth uniform sampling in high-resolution wide-swath SAR," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 19, No. 6, 1042-1046, 2020.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2020.2988819

24. Donelli, M., T. Moriyama, and M. Manekiya, "A compact switched-beam planar antenna array for wireless sensors operating at Wi-Fi band," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 83, 137-145, 2018.
doi:10.2528/PIERC18012004

25. Donelli, M. and P. Febvre, "An inexpensive reconfigurable planar array for Wi-Fi applications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C,, Vol. 28, 71-81, 2012.
doi:10.2528/PIERC12012304

26. Viani, F., L. Lizzi, M. Donelli, D. Pregnolato, G. Oliveri, and A. Massa, "Exploitation of parasitic smart antennas in wireless sensor networks," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 24, No. 7, 993-1003, 2010.
doi:10.1163/156939310791285227

27. Lin, Y., W. Hong, W. Tan, Y. Wang, and M. Xiang, "Airborne circular SAR imaging: Results at P-band," 2012 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 5594-5597, 2012.
doi:10.1109/IGARSS.2012.6352051

28. Huang, P., W. Tan, and Y. Su, "MIMO-SAR imaging technology for helicopter-borne based on ARC antenna array," 2015 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), 1801-1804, 2015.

29. Akkoc, A., E. Afacan, and E. Yazgan, "Dot-shaped 3D range-angle dependent beamforming with discular frequency diverse array," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 69, No. 10, 6500-6508, 2021.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2021.3070128

Dr. Zhuo Deng

Dr. Wei Xu

Professor Pingping Huang

Professor Weixian Tan

Professor Yaolong Qi