volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a phase compensation method for cylindrical reconfigurable reflectarray antennas and design a cylindrical reconfigurable reflectarray antenna (CRRA) for generating steering beams. Using a PIN diode loaded reflectarray element, 1-bit reflection phase-shift with phase difference of 180°, can be realized. The cylindrical reflectarray consists of 16×18 unit cells whose reflection phase shifts are controlled by bias network independently. Using phase quantization, the reflectarray can generate the desired phase distributions for steering beams. Both simulated and measured results show that the proposed CRRA can achieve beam scanning in ±40˚ angle range. In addition, the measured gain reaches 20.5 dBi, and 1 dB gain bandwidth is 6.9%. The proposed cylindrical conformal reconfigurable reflectarray antenna can provide a reference for the application of the conformal scenario of a reconfigurable reflectarray antenna in the future.

1. Hum, S. V., M. Okoniewski, and R. J. Davies, "Realizing an electronically tunable reflectarray using varactor diode-tuned elements," IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 15, No. 6, 422-424, Jun. 2005, doi: 10.1109/LMWC.2005.850561.
doi:10.1109/LMWC.2005.850561

2. Omoto, K., T. Tomura, and H. Sakamoto, "Proof-of-concept on misalignment compensation for 5.8-GHz-band reflectarray antennas by varactor diodes," IEEE Access, Vol. 9, 54101-54108, 2021, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3071090.
doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3071090

3. Chen, X. and Y. Ge, "A 14 × 14 electronically reconfigurable reflectarray using 1-bit reflective element," 2018 IEEE MTT-S International Wireless Symposium (IWS), 1-3, 2018, doi: 10.1109/IEEE-IWS.2018.8400890.

4. Pan, X., F. Yang, S. Xu, and M. Li, "A 10 240-element reconfigurable reflectarray with fast steerable monopulse patterns," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 69, No. 1, 173-181, Jan. 2021, doi: 10.1109/TAP.2020.3008623.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2020.3008623

5. Qu, S.-W., L. Xiao, H. Yi, B.-J. Chen, C. H. Chan, and E. Y.-B. Pun, "Frequency-controlled 2-D focus-scanning terahertz reflectarrays," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 67, No. 3, 15730-1581, Mar. 2019, doi: 10.1109/TAP.2018.2888949.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2018.2888949

6. Li, F., et al. "Generation and focusing of orbital angular momentum based on polarized reflectarray at microwave frequency," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 69, No. 3, 1829-1837, Mar. 2021, doi: 10.1109/TMTT.2020.3040449.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2020.3040449

7. Nayeri, P., F. Yang, and A. Z. Elsherbeni, "Design and experiment of a single-feed quad-beam reflectarray antenna," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 60, No. 2, 1166-1171, Feb. 2012, doi: 10.1109/TAP.2011.2173126.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2011.2173126

8. Yang, H., et al. "A 1-bit 10 × 10 reconfigurable reflectarray antenna: Design, optimization, and experiment," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 64, No. 6, 2246-2254, Jun. 2016, doi: 10.1109/TAP.2016.2550178.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2016.2550178

9. Carrasco, E., M. Barba, and J. A. Encinar, "X-band reflectarray antenna with switching-beam using PIN diodes and gathered elements," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 60, No. 12, 5700-5708, Dec. 2012, doi: 10.1109/TAP.2012.2208612.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2012.2208612

10. Venneri, F., S. Costanzo, and G. Di Massa, "Design and validation of a reconfigurable single varactor-tuned reflectarray," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 61, No. 2, 635-645, Feb. 2013, doi: 10.1109/TAP.2012.2226229.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2012.2226229

11. Xi, B., Y. Xiao, K. Zhu, Y. Liu, H. Sun, and Z. Chen, "1-bit wideband reconfigurable reflectarray design in Ku-band," IEEE Access, Vol. 10, 4340-4348, 2022, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3117693.
doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3117693

12. Zhang, M.-T., et al. "Design of novel reconfigurable reflectarrays with single-bit phase resolution for Ku-band satellite antenna applications," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 64, No. 5, 1634-1641, May 2016, doi: 10.1109/TAP.2016.2535166.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2016.2535166

13. Costanzo, S., F. Venneri, A. Raffo, and G. Di Massa, "Dual-layer single-varactor driven reflectarray cell for broad-band beam-steering and frequency tunable applications," IEEE Access, Vol. 6, 71793-71800, 2018, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2882093.
doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2882093

14. Riel, M. and J. Laurin, "Design of an electronically beam scanning reflectarray using aperture-coupled elements," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 55, No. 5, 1260-1266, May 2007, doi: 10.1109/TAP.2007.895586.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2007.895586

15. Sun, D., W. Dou, and L. You, "Application of novel cavity-backed proximity-coupled microstrip patch antenna to design broadband conformal phased array," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 9, 1010-1013, 2010, doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2010.2089490.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2010.2089490

16. Jaeck, V., et al. "Design and manufacturing of conformal antenna array on a conical surface at 5.2 GHz," 2017 47th European Microwave Conference (EuMC), 1207-1210, 2017, doi: 10.23919/EuMC.2017.8231066.
doi:10.23919/EuMC.2017.8231066

17. Wu, B., A. Sutinjo, M. E. Potter, and M. Okoniewski, "On the selection of the number of bits to control a dynamic digital MEMS reflectarray," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 7, 183-186, 2008, doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2008.920908.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2008.920908

18. Bayraktar, O., O. A. Civi, and T. Akin, "Beam switching reflectarray monolithically integrated with RF MEMS switches," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 60, No. 2, 854-862, Feb. 2012.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2011.2173099

19. Han, J., L. Li, G. Liu, Z. Wu, and Y. Shi, "A wideband 1 bit 12 × 12 reconfigurable beam-scanning reflectarray: Design, fabrication, and measurement," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 18, No. 6, 1268-1272, Jun. 2019, doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2019.2914399.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2019.2914399

20. Yang, H., et al. "A 1600-element dual-frequency electronically reconfigurable reflectarray at X/Ku-band," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 65, No. 6, 3024-3032, Jun. 2017.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2017.2694703

Dr. Yu Zhao

Dr. Shixing Yu

Dr. Na Kou