volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

In this paper, a novel heterogeneous swastika structured hexagonal photonic crystal ring resonator for the realization of universal logic gates is designed using two dimensional photonic crystals. The proposed structure has square lattice of 16 × 16 hexagon-shaped chalcogenide glass rods embedded in an air substrate with a refractive index of 3.1. The choice of chalcogenide in the realization of optical logic gates benefits from wide optical windows in the mid-infrared region. Through plane wave expansion method, the contrast ratio for the proposed structures, namely, NAND, NOR, EX-OR, and EX-NOR gates is 22.6 dB, 17.20 dB, 18.3 dB, and 12.78 dB, respectively. Moreover, the footprint of the proposed structure is 9.24 µm × 9.24 µm.

1. Yablonovitch, E., "Inhibited spontaneous emission in solid-state physics and electronics," Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 58, No. 20, 2059, May 18, 1987.

2. John, S., "Strong localization of photons in certain disordered dielectric superlattices," Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 58, No. 23, 2486, Jun. 8, 1987.

3. Goudarzi, K., A. Mir, I. Chaharmahali, and D. Goudarzi, "All-optical XOR and OR logic gates based on line and point defects in 2-D photonic crystal," Opt. & Laser Technol., Vol. 1, No. 78, 139-42, Apr. 2016.

4. Fu, Y., X. Hu, and Q. Gong, "Silicon photonic crystal all-optical logic gates," Phys. Lett. A, Vol. 377, No. 3-4, 329-33, Jan. 3, 2013.

5. D'souza, N. M. and V. Mathew, "Interference based square lattice photonic crystal logic gates working with different wavelengths," Opt. & Laser Technol., Vol. 80, 214-9, Jun. 1, 2016.

6. Jiang, Y. C., S. B. Liu, H. F. Zhang, and X. K. Kong, "Reconfigurable design of logic gates based on a two-dimensional photonic crystals waveguide structure," J. Opt. Commun., Vol. 332, 359-65, Dec. 1, 2014.

7. Mohebbi, Z., N. Nozhat, and F. Emami, "High contrast all-optical logic gates based on 2D nonlinear photonic crystal," J. Opt. Commun., Vol. 355, 130-6, Nov. 15, 2015.

8. Fasihi, K., "Design and simulation of linear logic gates in the two-dimensional square-lattice photonic crystals," Optik, Vol. 127, No. 11, 4669-74, Jun. 1, 2016.

9. Bchir, R., A. Bardaoui, and H. Ezzaouia, "Design of silicon-based two-dimensional photonic integrated circuits: XOR gate," IET Optoelectronics, Vol. 7, No. 1, 25-9, Feb. 1, 2013.

10. Mahmoud, M. Y., G. Bassou, A. Taalbi, and Z. M. Chekroun, "Optical channel drop filters based on photonic crystal ring resonators," Opt. Commun., Vol. 285, No. 3, 368-72, Feb. 1, 2012.

11. Taalbi, A., G. Bassou, and M. Y. Mahmoud, "New design of channel drop filters based on photonic crystal ring resonators," Opt.-Int. J. for Light and Electron Opt., Vol. 124, No. 9, 824-7, May 1, 2013.

12. Djavid, M., F. Monifi, A. Ghaffari, and M. S. Abrishanmian, "Hetrostructure wavelength division multiplixers using photonic crystals ring resonators," Opt. Commun., Vol. 28, 4028-4032, 2008.

13. Gupta, M. M. and S. Medhekar, "A versatile optical junction using photonic band-gap guidance and self collimation," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 105, No. 13, 131104, Sep. 29, 2014.

14. Gupta, M. M. and S. Medhekar, "Asymmetric light reflection at the reflecting layer incorporated in a linear, time-independent and non-magnetic two-dimensional photonic crystal," Eur. Phys. Lett., Vol. 114, No. 5, 54002, Jul. 8, 2016.

15. Kannaiyan, V., R. Savarimuthu, and S. K. Dhamodharan, "Performance analysis of an eight channel demultiplexer using a 2D-photonic crystal quasi square ring resonator," Opto-Electron. Rev., Vol. 25, No. 2, 74-9, Jun. 1, 2017.

16. Seifouri, M., S. Olyaee, M. Sardari, and A. Mohebzadeh-Bahabady, "Ultra-fast and compact all-optical half adder using 2D photonic crystals," Optoelectronics, Vol. 13, No. 3, 139-43, Jan. 24, 2019.

17. Hassangholizadeh-Kashtiban, M., H. Alipour-Banaei, M. B. Tavakoli, and R. Sabbaghi-Nadooshan, "An ultra fast optical reversible gate based on electromagnetic scattering in nonlinear photonic crystal resonant cavities," J. Opt. Mat., Vol. 94, 371-7, Aug. 1, 2019.

18. Khosroabadi, S., A. Shokouhmand, and S. Marjani, "Full optical 2-bit analog to digital convertor based on nonlinear material and ring resonators in photonic crystal structure," Optik., Vol. 200, 163393, Jan. 1, 2020.

19. Zhang, X. R., J. P. Liu, H. Liu, Q. Pan, F. Q. Yang, S. Q. Zhang, Y. M. Guo, X. J. Liu, and X. Y. Wu, "The adjustable band gap structure and transmission characteristics for the two-dimensional function photonic crystal waveguide," Phys. B: Condensed Matter., Vol. 567, 5-10, Aug. 15, 2019.

20. Yee, K., "Numerical solution of initial boundary value problems involving Maxwell's equations in isotropic media," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 14, No. 3, 302-307, 1966.

21. Taflove, A. and M. E. Brodwin, "Numerical solution of steady-state electromagnetic scattering problems using the time-dependent Maxwell's equations," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 23, No. 8, 623-630, 1975.

Dr. Damodaran Saranya

Dr. Anbazhagan Rajesh