volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

The electromagnetic scattering from oil-covered sea surface is investigated by two scale model with the help of Lombardini's oil-covered sea spectrum and the semi-empirical reflection model that takes the oil film into consideration. Firstly, a comparison of the clean and oil-covered sea spectra is made to show the influence of the oil film on the sea surface. Then, the backscattering coefficient from the clean sea computed by the two scale model is compared with the measured data in the reference to validate the accuracy of the two scale model used in this paper. Finally, backscattering features from the oil-covered sea surface are discussed in detail and compared with those from the clean sea. In addition, the influence of the thickness of oil film and fractional filling factor on the backscattering coefficient of oil-covered sea are also studied. The simulated results show that the oil film floating on the sea has remarkable influence on the backscattering coefficient of the sea, compared with those of the backscattering coefficient from the clean sea.

1. Ulaby, F. T., R. K. Moore, and A. K. Fung, Microwave Remote Sensing: Active and Passive. Vol. II. Radar Remote Sensing and Surface Scattering and Emission Theory, Addison-Wesley, 1982.

2. Ishimaru, A., Wave Propagation and Scattering in Random Media, Academic Press, 1978.

3. Yang, C., W. Jin, and L.-X. Guo, "Electromagnetic wave propagation over oil-covered sea surface," Chinese Physics Letters, Vol. 29, No. 7, 074210, 2012.
doi:10.1088/0256-307X/29/7/074210

4. Pinel, N., N. Dechamps, and C. Bourlier, "Modeling of the bistatic electromagnetic scattering from sea surfaces covered in oil for microwave applications," IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 46, No. 2, 385-392, 2008.
doi:10.1109/TGRS.2007.902412

5. Nunziata, F., P. Sobieski, and M. Migliaccio, "The two-scale BPM scattering model for sea biogenic slicks contrast," IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 47, No. 7, 1949-1956, 2009.
doi:10.1109/TGRS.2009.2013135

6. Pinel, N., C. Bourlier, and I. Sergievskaya, "Two-dimensional radar backscattering modeling of oil slicks at sea based on the model of local balance: Validation of two asymptotic techniques for thick films," IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 52, No. 5, 2326-2338, 2014.
doi:10.1109/TGRS.2013.2259498

7. Montuori, A., F. Nunziata, M. Migliaccio, and P. Sobieski, "X-band two-scale sea surface scattering model to predict the contrast due to an oil slick," IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol. 9, No. 11, 4970-4978, 2016.
doi:10.1109/JSTARS.2016.2605151

8. Wang, R., L. Guo, and Z. Zhang, "Scattering from contaminated rough sea surface by iterative physical optics model," IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, Vol. 13, No. 4, 500-504, 2016.
doi:10.1109/LGRS.2016.2520519

9. Fingas, M. and C. Brown, "Review of oil spill remote sensing," Spill Science & Technology Bulletin, Vol. 4, No. 4, 199-208, 1997.
doi:10.1016/S1353-2561(98)00023-1

10. Minchew, B., C. E. Jones, and B. Holt, "Polarimetric analysis of backscatter from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill using L-band synthetic aperture radar," IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 50, No. 10, 3812-3830, 2012.
doi:10.1109/TGRS.2012.2185804

11. Ding, N. and Z. Min, "An angular cutoff composite model for investigation on electromagnetic scattering from two-dimensional rough sea surfaces," Chinese Physics B, Vol. 19, No. 7, 074101, 2010.
doi:10.1088/1674-1056/19/7/074101

12. Awada, A., M. Y. Ayari, A. Khenchaf, and A. Coatanhay, "Bistatic scattering from an anisotropic sea surface: Numerical comparison between the first-order SSA and the TSM models," Waves in Random and Complex Media, Vol. 16, No. 3, 383-394, 2006.
doi:10.1080/17455030600844089

13. Voronovich, A. G. and V. U. Zavorotny, "Theoretical model for scattering of radar signals in Ku- and C-bands from a rough sea surface with breaking waves," Waves in Random Media, Vol. 11, No. 3, 247-269, 2001.

14. Tsang, L. and J. A. Kong, Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves, John Wiley, 1982.

15. Li, J., L.-X. Guo, and H. Zeng, "FDTD investigation on electromagnetic scattering from two-layered rough surfaces under UPML absorbing condition," Chinese Physics Letters, Vol. 26, No. 3, 034101, 2009.
doi:10.1088/0256-307X/26/3/034101

16. Zamani, H., A. Tavakoli, and M. Dehmollaian, "Second-order perturbative solution of cross-polarized scattering from multilayered rough surfaces," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 64, No. 5, 1877-1890, 2016.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2016.2535503

17. Iodice, A., A. Natale, and D. Riccio, "Kirchhoff scattering from fractal and classical rough surfaces: Physical interpretation," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 61, No. 4, 2156-2163, 2012.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2012.2236531

18. Wu, Z. S., J. P. Zhang, L. X. Guo, and P. Zhou, "An improved two-scale model with volume scattering for the dynamic ocean surface," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 89, 39-56, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIER08111803

19. Li, J., M. Zhang, P. Wei, and W. Jiang, "An improvement on SSA method for EM scattering from electrically large rough sea surface," IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, Vol. 13, No. 8, 1144-1148, 2016.
doi:10.1109/LGRS.2016.2574539

20. Fung, A. and K. Lee, "A semi-empirical sea-spectrum model for scattering coefficient estimation," IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, Vol. 7, No. 4, 166-176, 1982.
doi:10.1109/JOE.1982.1145535

21. Lombardini, P. P., B. Fiscella, P. Trivero, and W. D. Garrett, "Modulation of the spectra of short gravity waves by sea surface films: Slick detection and characterization with a microwave probe," Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Vol. 6, No. 6, 882-890, 1989.
doi:10.1175/1520-0426(1989)006<0882:MOTSOS>2.0.CO;2

22. Guo, L.-X., Y.-H. Wang, and Z.-S. Wu, "Application of modified two-scale model for scattering from non-Gaussian sea surface," Chinese Journal of Radio Science, Vol. 22, No. 2, 212-218, 2007.

23. Cox, C. and W. Munk, "Measurement of the roughness of the sea surface from photographs of the sun glitter," Journal of the Optical Society of America A, Vol. 44, No. 11, 838-850, 1954.
doi:10.1364/JOSA.44.000838

Dr. Chao Yang

Professor Li-Xin Guo