Vol. 78
Latest Volume
All Volumes
PIERM 130 [2024] PIERM 129 [2024] PIERM 128 [2024] PIERM 127 [2024] PIERM 126 [2024] PIERM 125 [2024] PIERM 124 [2024] PIERM 123 [2024] PIERM 122 [2023] PIERM 121 [2023] PIERM 120 [2023] PIERM 119 [2023] PIERM 118 [2023] PIERM 117 [2023] PIERM 116 [2023] PIERM 115 [2023] PIERM 114 [2022] PIERM 113 [2022] PIERM 112 [2022] PIERM 111 [2022] PIERM 110 [2022] PIERM 109 [2022] PIERM 108 [2022] PIERM 107 [2022] PIERM 106 [2021] PIERM 105 [2021] PIERM 104 [2021] PIERM 103 [2021] PIERM 102 [2021] PIERM 101 [2021] PIERM 100 [2021] PIERM 99 [2021] PIERM 98 [2020] PIERM 97 [2020] PIERM 96 [2020] PIERM 95 [2020] PIERM 94 [2020] PIERM 93 [2020] PIERM 92 [2020] PIERM 91 [2020] PIERM 90 [2020] PIERM 89 [2020] PIERM 88 [2020] PIERM 87 [2019] PIERM 86 [2019] PIERM 85 [2019] PIERM 84 [2019] PIERM 83 [2019] PIERM 82 [2019] PIERM 81 [2019] PIERM 80 [2019] PIERM 79 [2019] PIERM 78 [2019] PIERM 77 [2019] PIERM 76 [2018] PIERM 75 [2018] PIERM 74 [2018] PIERM 73 [2018] PIERM 72 [2018] PIERM 71 [2018] PIERM 70 [2018] PIERM 69 [2018] PIERM 68 [2018] PIERM 67 [2018] PIERM 66 [2018] PIERM 65 [2018] PIERM 64 [2018] PIERM 63 [2018] PIERM 62 [2017] PIERM 61 [2017] PIERM 60 [2017] PIERM 59 [2017] PIERM 58 [2017] PIERM 57 [2017] PIERM 56 [2017] PIERM 55 [2017] PIERM 54 [2017] PIERM 53 [2017] PIERM 52 [2016] PIERM 51 [2016] PIERM 50 [2016] PIERM 49 [2016] PIERM 48 [2016] PIERM 47 [2016] PIERM 46 [2016] PIERM 45 [2016] PIERM 44 [2015] PIERM 43 [2015] PIERM 42 [2015] PIERM 41 [2015] PIERM 40 [2014] PIERM 39 [2014] PIERM 38 [2014] PIERM 37 [2014] PIERM 36 [2014] PIERM 35 [2014] PIERM 34 [2014] PIERM 33 [2013] PIERM 32 [2013] PIERM 31 [2013] PIERM 30 [2013] PIERM 29 [2013] PIERM 28 [2013] PIERM 27 [2012] PIERM 26 [2012] PIERM 25 [2012] PIERM 24 [2012] PIERM 23 [2012] PIERM 22 [2012] PIERM 21 [2011] PIERM 20 [2011] PIERM 19 [2011] PIERM 18 [2011] PIERM 17 [2011] PIERM 16 [2011] PIERM 14 [2010] PIERM 13 [2010] PIERM 12 [2010] PIERM 11 [2010] PIERM 10 [2009] PIERM 9 [2009] PIERM 8 [2009] PIERM 7 [2009] PIERM 6 [2009] PIERM 5 [2008] PIERM 4 [2008] PIERM 3 [2008] PIERM 2 [2008] PIERM 1 [2008]
2019-01-17
A Fast and Accurate Multi-Element Calibration Algorithm of an Active Phased Antenna Array
By
Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 78, 49-58, 2019
Abstract
In this paper, a simple and fast calibration algorithm is proposed for an active phased antenna array measurement of the amplitude and phase of all the antenna elements. Euler's numerical method is used to simultaneously measure and calibrate the array element's electric field and array factor. Each element's phase shifts are periodically varied with a reference state, and their variations are calculated and analyzed for signal calibration. The method is theoretically studied using numerical simulations providing accurate performance and a very low tolerance to errors. This method provides a multiple element far field calibration technique applicable to radar, satellite, and wireless communication.
Citation
Akinwale Oluwaseyi Fadamiro, Oluwole John Famoriji, Abdul-Hafeez Ali, Rabiu Sale Zakariyya, Zhongxiang Zhang, and Fujiang Lin, "A Fast and Accurate Multi-Element Calibration Algorithm of an Active Phased Antenna Array," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 78, 49-58, 2019.
doi:10.2528/PIERM18120508
References

1. Long, R., J. Ouyang, F. Yang, W. Han, and L. Zhou, "Multi-element phased array calibration method by solving linear equations," IEEE Trans. on Antennas Propag., Vol. 65, No. 6, 2931-2939, 2017.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2017.2694767

2. Sorace, R., "Phased array calibration," IEEE Trans. on Antennas Propag., Vol. 49, No. 4, 517-524, 2001.
doi:10.1109/8.923310

3. Keizer, P. M. N., "Fast and accurate array calibration using a synthetic array approach," IEEE Trans. on Antennas Propag., Vol. 59, No. 11, 4115-4122, 2011.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2011.2164171

4. Miguel, S. N., M. R. O. A. Ramón, H. A. Leandro, and S. P. Manuel, "Novel reception and transmission calibration technique for active antenna array based on phase center estimation," IEEE Trans. on Antennas Propag., Vol. 65, No. 10, 5511-5522, 2017.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2017.2738067

5. Mano, S. and T. Katagi, "A method for measuring amplitude and phase of each radiating element of a phased array antenna," Electron. Commun. Jpn., Vol. 65, No. 5, 58-64, 1982.
doi:10.1002/ecja.4410650508

6. Takahashi, T., H. Miyashita, Y. Konishi, and S. Makino, "Theoretic a study on measurement accuracy of rotating element electric field vector (REV) method," Electron. Commun. Jpn., Vol. 89, No. 1, 22-23, 2006.
doi:10.1002/ecja.20239

7. Hu, C. N., "A novel method for calibrating deployed active antenna arrays," IEEE Trans. on Antennas Propag., Vol. 4, No. 63, 1650-1657, 2015.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2015.2398119

8. Lee, K. M., R. S. Chu, and S. C. Liu, "A built-in performance monitoring/fault isolation and correction (PM/FIC) system for active phased-array antennas," IEEE Trans. on Antennas Propag., Vol. 41, No. 11, 1530-1540, 1993.
doi:10.1109/8.267356

9. Aumann, H. M., A. J. Fenn, and F. G. Willwerth, "Phased array antenna calibration and pattern prediction using mutual coupling measurements," IEEE Trans. on Antennas Propag., Vol. 37, No. 7, 844-850, 1989.
doi:10.1109/8.29378

10. Zalawadia, K., P. Jain, H. Shah, and U. Dalal, "An efficient calibration scheme for satellite onboard receive digital beamformer," IETE Journal of Research, Vol. 61, No. 6, 590-595, 2015.
doi:10.1080/03772063.2015.1034198

11. Silverstein, S. D., "Application of orthogonal codes to the calibration of active phased array antennas for communication satellites," IEEE Trans. on Antennas Propag., Vol. 45, No. 1, 206-218, 1997.

12. Lier, E., M. Zemlyansky, D. Purdy, and D. Farina, "Phased array calibration and characterization based on orthogonal coding: Theory and experimental validation," Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Phased Array Syst. Technol., 271-278, Oct. 2010.

13. He, C., X. Liang, J. Geng, and R. Jin, "Parallel calibration method for phased array with harmonic characteristic analysis," IEEE Trans. on Antennas Propag., Vol. 62, No. 10, 5029-5036, 2014.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2014.2341700

14. Long, R. and J. Ou Yang, "Planar phased array calibration based on near-field measurement system," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 71, 25-31, 2017.

15. Takahashi, T., Y. Konishi, S. Makino, H. Ohmine, and H. Nakaguro, "Fast measurement technique for phased array calibration," IEEE Trans. on Antennas Propag., Vol. 56, No. 7, 1888-1899, 2008.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2008.924682

16. Ng, B. C. and C. M. S. See, "Sensor-array calibration using a maximum likelihood approach," IEEE Trans. on Antennas Propag., Vol. 44, No. 6, 827-835, 1996.
doi:10.1109/8.509886

17. Solomon, I. S. D., D. A. Gray, Y. I. Abramovich, and S. J. Anderson, "Receiver array calibration using disparate sources," IEEE Trans. on Antennas Propag., Vol. 47, No. 3, 496-505, 1999.
doi:10.1109/8.768785

18. Ng, B. P., J. P. Lie, M. H. Er, and A. Feng, "A practical simple geometry and gain/phase calibration technique for antenna array processing," IEEE Trans. on Antennas Propag., Vol. 57, No. 7, 1963-1972, 2009.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2009.2021931

19. Bucci, O. M., M. D. Migliore, G. Panariello, and P. Sgambato, "Accurate diagnosis of conformal arrays from near-field data using the matrix method," IEEE Trans. on Antennas Propag., Vol. 53, No. 3, 1114-1120, 2005.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2004.842656

20. Migliore, M. D., "A compressed sensing approach for array diagnosis from a small set of near-field measurements," IEEE Trans. on Antennas Propag., Vol. 59, No. 6, 2127-2133, 2011.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2011.2144556

21. Long, R., J. Ouyang, F. Yang, Y. Li, K. Zhang, and L. Zhou, "Calibration method of phased array based on near-field measurement system," Proc. IEEE Antennas Propag. Soc. Int. Symp. (APSURSI), 1161-1162, Jul. 2014.

22. Patton, W. T. and L. H. Yorinks, "Near-field alignment of phased-array antennas," IEEE Trans. on Antennas Propag., Vol. 47, No. 3, 584-591, 1999.
doi:10.1109/8.768795

23. Pawlak, H. and A. F. Jacob, "An external calibration scheme for DBF antenna arrays," IEEE Trans. on Antennas Propag., Vol. 58, No. 1, 59-67, 2010.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2009.2036195

24. Gupta, I. J., J. R. Baxter, S. W. Ellingson, H. G. Park, H. S. Oh, and M. G. Kyeong, "An experimental study of antenna array calibration," IEEE Trans. on Antennas Propag., Vol. 51, No. 3, 664-667, 2003.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2003.809870

25. Son, S. H., S. Y. Eom, S. I. Jeon, and W. Hwang, "Automatic phase correction of phased array antennas by a genetic algorithm," IEEE Trans. on Antennas Propag., Vol. 56, No. 8, 2751-2754, 2008.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2008.927575

26. Silverstein, S. D., "Application of orthogonal codes to the calibration of active phased array antennas for communication satellites," IEEE Trans. on Antennas Propag., Vol. 45, No. 1, 206-218, 1997.

27. Takahashi, T., Y. Konishi, and I. Chiba, "A novel amplitude only measurement method to determine element fields in phased arrays," IEEE Trans. on Antennas Propag., Vol. 60, No. 7, 3222-3230, 2012.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2012.2196961

28. Donelli, M. and P. Febvre, "An inexpensive reconfigurable planar array for Wi-Fi applications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 28, 71-81, 2012.
doi:10.2528/PIERC12012304

29. Viani, F., L. Lizzi, M. Donelli, D. Pregnolato, G. Oliveri, and A. Massa, "Exploitation of parasitic smart antennas in wireless sensor networks," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 24, 993-1003, 2010.
doi:10.1163/156939310791285227

30. Donelli, M., T. Moriyama, and M. Manekiya, "A compact switched-beam planar antenna array for wireless sensors operating at Wi-Fi band," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 83, 137-145, 2018.
doi:10.2528/PIERC18012004