volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

Recent years have witnessed an increasing interest in topological states of condensed matter systems, whose concepts have been also extended to wave phenomena. Especially at optical frequencies, several studies have reported applications of structured light exploiting topological transitions and exceptional points or lines, over which a field property of choice is undefined. Interesting properties of light beams with phase singularities (such as the creation, annihilation or motion of these topological points) have been observed in composite vortices

1. Rubinsztein-Dunlop, H., et al., "Roadmap on structured light," J. Opt., Vol. 19, 013001, 2017.
doi:10.1088/2040-8978/19/1/013001

2. Nye, J. F. and M. V. Berry, "Dislocations in wave trains," Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A, Vol. 336, 165-190, 1974.
doi:10.1098/rspa.1974.0012

3. Soskin, M. S., V. N. Gorshkov, M. V. Vasnetsov, J. T. Malos, and N. R. Heckenberg, "Topological charge and angular momentum of light beams carrying optical vortices," Phys. Rev. A, Vol. 56, 4064-4075, 1997.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.56.4064

4. Grier, D. G., "A revolution in optical manipulation," Nat., Vol. 424, 810-816, 2003.
doi:10.1038/nature01935

5. Lee, J. H., G. Foo, E. G. Johnson, and G. A. Swartzlander, "Experimental verification of an optical vortex coronagraph," Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 97, 053901, 2006.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.053901

6. Mair, A., A. Vaziri, G. Weihs, and A. Zeilinger, "Entanglement of the orbital angular momentum states of photons," Nat., Vol. 412, 313-316, 2001.
doi:10.1038/35085529

7. Chen, R.-P., Z. Chen, Y. Gao, J. Ding, and S. He, "Flexible manipulation of the polarization conversions in a structured vector field in free space," Laser Photonics Rev., Vol. 11, No. 6, 1700165, 2017.
doi:10.1002/lpor.201700165

8. Chen, R.-P., K.-H. Chew, C.-Q. Dai, and G. Zhou, "Optical spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion in the near field of a highly nonparaxial optical field with hybrid states of polarization," Phys. Rev. A, Vol. 96, No. 5, 053862, 2017.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.96.053862

9. Chen, R.-P. and C.-Q. Dai, "Three-dimensional vector solitons and their stabilities in a Kerr medium with spatially inhomogeneous nonlinearity and transverse modulation," Nonlinear Dyn, Vol. 88, 2807-2816, 2017.
doi:10.1007/s11071-017-3413-5

10. Chen, R.-P. and C.-Q. Dai, "Vortex solitons of the (3 + 1)-dimensional spatially modulated cubicquintic nonlinear Schr¨odinger equation with the transverse modulation," Nonlinear Dyn, Vol. 90, 1563-1570, 2017.
doi:10.1007/s11071-017-3748-y

11. Thide, B., H. Then, J. SjAoholm, K. Palmer, J. Bergman, T. D. Carozzi, Y. N. Istomin, N. H. Ibragimov, and R. Khamitova, "Utilization of photon orbital angular momentum in the lowfrequency radio domain," Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 99, No. 8, 087701-1-087701-4, Aug. 2007.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.087701

12. Edfos, O. and A. J. Johansson, "Is orbital angular momentum (OAM) based radio communication an unexploited area?," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 60, 1126-1131, 2012.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2011.2173142

13. Mohammadi, S. M., L. K. S. Daldorff, J. E. S. Bergman, R. L. Karlsson, B. Thide, K. Forozesh, T. D. Carozzi, and B. Isham, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 58, 565-572, 2010.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2009.2037701

14. Tennant, A. and B. Allen, "Generation of OAM radio waves using circular time-switched array antenna," Electron. Lett., Vol. 48, 1365-1366, 2012.
doi:10.1049/el.2012.2664

15. Tamburini, F., E. Mari, A. Sponselli, F. Romanato, B. Thid´e, A. Bianchini, L. Palmieri, and C. G. Someda, "Encoding many channels in the same frequency through radio vorticity: First experimental test," New J. Phys., Vol. 14, 033001, 2012.
doi:10.1088/1367-2630/14/3/033001

16. Tamburini, F., E. Mari, B. Thide, C. Barbieri, and F. Romanato, "Experimental verification of photon angular momentum and vorticity with radio techniques," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 99, 204102-1-204102-3, 2011.

17. Yu, S., G. Shi, C. Zhu, and Y. Shi, "Generating multiple orbital angular momentum vortex beams using a metasurface in radio frequency domain," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 108, No. 24, 241901, 2016.
doi:10.1063/1.4953786

18. Zhang, Z., S. Xiao, Y. Li, and B. Z. Wang, "A circularly polarized multimode patch antenna for the generation of multiple orbital angular momentum modes," IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., Vol. 16, 521-524, 2017.

19. Hui, X., S. Zheng, Y. Hu, C. Xu, X. Jin, H. Chi, and X. Zhang, "Ultralow reflectivity spiral phase plate for generation of millimeter-wave OAM beam," IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., Vol. 14, 966-969, 2015.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2014.2387431

20. Mao, F., M. Huang, T. Li, J. Zhang, and C. Yang, "Broadband generation of orbital angular momentum carrying beams in RF regimes," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 160, 19-27, 2017.
doi:10.2528/PIER17082302

21. Barbuto, M., F. Trotta, F. Bilotti, and A. Toscano, "Circular polarized patch antenna generating orbital angular momentum," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 148, 23-30, 2014.
doi:10.2528/PIER14050204

22. Barbuto, M., F. Bilotti, and A. Toscano, "Patch antenna generating structured fields with a Mobius polarization state," IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., Vol. 16, 1345-1348, 2017.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2016.2634081

23. Bauer, T., P. Banzer, E. Karimi, S. Orlov, A. Rubano, L. Marrucci, E. Santamato, R. W. Boyd, and G. Leuchs, "Observation of optical polarization Mobius strips," Science, Vol. 347, 964-966, 2015.
doi:10.1126/science.1260635

24. Galvez, E. J., N. Smiley, and N. Fernandes, "Composite optical vortices formed by collinear Laguerre-Gauss beams," Proceedings of SPIE 6131, Nanomanipulation with Light II, 613105, Feb. 9, 2006.

25. Maleev, I. D. and G. A. Swartzlander, "Composite optical vortices," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, Vol. 20, 1169-1176, 2003.
doi:10.1364/JOSAB.20.001169

26. De Angelis, L., F. Alpeggiani, A. Di Falco, and L. Kuipers, "Persistence and fidelity of phase singularities in optical random waves," Frontiers in Optics 2016, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optical Society of America, 2016), paper JW4A.82, 2016.

27. Dennis, M. R., R. P. King, B. Jack, K. O’Holleran, and M. J. Padgett, "Isolated optical vortex knots," Nature Physics, Vol. 6, 118-121, 2010.
doi:10.1038/nphys1504

28. Flossmann, F., K. O’Holleran, M. R. Dennis, and M. J. Padgett, "Polarization singularities in 2D and 3D speckle fields," Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 100, 203902, 2008.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.203902

29. Cardano, F., E. Karimi, L. Marrucci, C. de Lisio, and E. Santamato, "Generation and dynamics of optical beams with polarization singularities," Opt. Express, Vol. 21, 8815-8820, 2013.
doi:10.1364/OE.21.008815

30. Derneryd, A. G., "Analysis of the microstrip disk antenna element," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 27, 660-664, 1979.
doi:10.1109/TAP.1979.1142159

31. Huang, J., "Circularly polarized conical patterns from circular microstrip antennas," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 32, 991-994, 1984.
doi:10.1109/TAP.1984.1143455

32. Coleman, H. and B. Wright, "A compact flush-mounting antenna with direction finding and steerable cardioid pattern capability," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 32, No. 4, 412-414, Apr. 1984.
doi:10.1109/TAP.1984.1143319

33. Shafai, L., "Properties of microstrip phased arrays with self-scanning elements," Digest on Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, Vol. 2, 986-988, San Jose, CA, USA, 1989.

34. Lin, W., H. Wong, and R. W. Ziolkowski, "Wideband pattern-reconfigurable antenna with switchable broadside and conical beams," IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., Vol. 16, 2638-2641, 2017.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2017.2738101

35. Labadie, N. R., S. K. Sharma, and G. M. Rebeiz, "A circularly polarized multiple radiating mode microstrip antenna for satellite receive applications," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 62, No. 7, 3490-3500, Jul. 2014.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2014.2320860

Prof. Mirko Barbuto

Dr. Mohammad-Ali Miri

Dr. Andrea Alu

Dr. Filiberto Bilotti

Dr. Alessandro Toscano