Vol. 52
Latest Volume
All Volumes
PIERM 130 [2024] PIERM 129 [2024] PIERM 128 [2024] PIERM 127 [2024] PIERM 126 [2024] PIERM 125 [2024] PIERM 124 [2024] PIERM 123 [2024] PIERM 122 [2023] PIERM 121 [2023] PIERM 120 [2023] PIERM 119 [2023] PIERM 118 [2023] PIERM 117 [2023] PIERM 116 [2023] PIERM 115 [2023] PIERM 114 [2022] PIERM 113 [2022] PIERM 112 [2022] PIERM 111 [2022] PIERM 110 [2022] PIERM 109 [2022] PIERM 108 [2022] PIERM 107 [2022] PIERM 106 [2021] PIERM 105 [2021] PIERM 104 [2021] PIERM 103 [2021] PIERM 102 [2021] PIERM 101 [2021] PIERM 100 [2021] PIERM 99 [2021] PIERM 98 [2020] PIERM 97 [2020] PIERM 96 [2020] PIERM 95 [2020] PIERM 94 [2020] PIERM 93 [2020] PIERM 92 [2020] PIERM 91 [2020] PIERM 90 [2020] PIERM 89 [2020] PIERM 88 [2020] PIERM 87 [2019] PIERM 86 [2019] PIERM 85 [2019] PIERM 84 [2019] PIERM 83 [2019] PIERM 82 [2019] PIERM 81 [2019] PIERM 80 [2019] PIERM 79 [2019] PIERM 78 [2019] PIERM 77 [2019] PIERM 76 [2018] PIERM 75 [2018] PIERM 74 [2018] PIERM 73 [2018] PIERM 72 [2018] PIERM 71 [2018] PIERM 70 [2018] PIERM 69 [2018] PIERM 68 [2018] PIERM 67 [2018] PIERM 66 [2018] PIERM 65 [2018] PIERM 64 [2018] PIERM 63 [2018] PIERM 62 [2017] PIERM 61 [2017] PIERM 60 [2017] PIERM 59 [2017] PIERM 58 [2017] PIERM 57 [2017] PIERM 56 [2017] PIERM 55 [2017] PIERM 54 [2017] PIERM 53 [2017] PIERM 52 [2016] PIERM 51 [2016] PIERM 50 [2016] PIERM 49 [2016] PIERM 48 [2016] PIERM 47 [2016] PIERM 46 [2016] PIERM 45 [2016] PIERM 44 [2015] PIERM 43 [2015] PIERM 42 [2015] PIERM 41 [2015] PIERM 40 [2014] PIERM 39 [2014] PIERM 38 [2014] PIERM 37 [2014] PIERM 36 [2014] PIERM 35 [2014] PIERM 34 [2014] PIERM 33 [2013] PIERM 32 [2013] PIERM 31 [2013] PIERM 30 [2013] PIERM 29 [2013] PIERM 28 [2013] PIERM 27 [2012] PIERM 26 [2012] PIERM 25 [2012] PIERM 24 [2012] PIERM 23 [2012] PIERM 22 [2012] PIERM 21 [2011] PIERM 20 [2011] PIERM 19 [2011] PIERM 18 [2011] PIERM 17 [2011] PIERM 16 [2011] PIERM 14 [2010] PIERM 13 [2010] PIERM 12 [2010] PIERM 11 [2010] PIERM 10 [2009] PIERM 9 [2009] PIERM 8 [2009] PIERM 7 [2009] PIERM 6 [2009] PIERM 5 [2008] PIERM 4 [2008] PIERM 3 [2008] PIERM 2 [2008] PIERM 1 [2008]
2016-11-07
Numerical Estimation of the Complex Refractive Indexes by the Altitude Depending on Wave Frequency in the Ionized Region of the Earth Atmosphere for Microwaves Information and Power Transmissions
By
Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 52, 21-31, 2016
Abstract
The phase and group refractive indexes of microwaves in the ionosphere region of the earth atmosphere are very important for both the researching theoretical problems and practical problems in wireless information transmission (WIT) and wireless power transmission (WPT). So far, there have been many attempts devoted to discuss and to determine the refractive indexes concerning their velocities in ionized region, unfortunately due tothe complicated features of the ionosphere region leading to research task facing with many challenges. Up to recent, there is still a lack of systematic numerical data of complex refractive index by altitude depending on high frequencies of the electromagnetic waves in the ionosphere region. This paper outlines and discusses some theoretical aspects of the complex refractive index in atmosphere's ionized region. Based on complex relative permittivity and conductivities by altitude determined numerically, the numerical estimated data of complex refractive indexes by the altitude from 100 km up to 1000 km at the different frequencies arealso shown and discussed.
Citation
Chung Dong Nguyen, Khac An Dao, Viet Phong Tran, and Diep Dao, "Numerical Estimation of the Complex Refractive Indexes by the Altitude Depending on Wave Frequency in the Ionized Region of the Earth Atmosphere for Microwaves Information and Power Transmissions," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 52, 21-31, 2016.
doi:10.2528/PIERM16042707
References

1. Budden, K. G., The Propagation of Radio Waves, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1985.
doi:10.1017/CBO9780511564321

2. Introduction to e Lectrodynamics, Edited by David J. Griffiths and Reed College; Prentice Hall, 1999.

3. Tang, T., C. Liao, Q. M. Gao, and P. C. Zhao, "Analysis of reflection properties of high power microwave propagation in mixture-atmosphere," J. Electromagnetic Analysis & Applications, Vol. 2, 543-548, 2010, doi:10.4236/.2010.29070.
doi:10.4236/jemaa.2010.29070

4. Radio Engineering and Electronic Physics, Vol. 12, Scripta Publishing Company, Radio Engineering & Electronic Physics, Vol. 12, 1773, 1967.

5. Alizadeh, M. M., H. Schuh, S. Todorova, and M. Schmidt, "Global ionosphere maps of VTEC from GNSS, satellite altimetry, and Formosat-3/COSMIC data," J. Geod., Vol. 85, No. 12, 975-987, Dec. 2011.
doi:10.1007/s00190-011-0449-z

6. Bohm, J., D. Salstein, M. Alizadeh, and D. D. Wijaya, Geodetic and Atmospheric Background, J. Bohm and H. Chuh, editors, atmospheric Effects in Space Geodesy, Springer-Verlag, 2013.

7. Dao, K. A. and D. C. Nguyen, "Some theoretical issues of MPT and development of 1D model for microwave power transmission problems in the mixed layers environment from GEO to the earth," International Journal of Modern Communication Technologies & Research (IJMCTR), ISSN: 2321-0850, Vol. 3, No. 10, 13-19, Oct. 2015.

8. Wang, J. Y. and C. Y. Jiang, "Refractive index of non-ionized and ionized mixture-atmosphere," Chinese Journal of Radio Science, Vol. 20, No. 1, 34-36, 2005.

9. Dao, K. A., V. P. Tran, and C. D. Nguyen, "The wireless power transmission environment from GEO to the earth and numerical estimation of relative permittivity by the altitude in the neutral and ionized layers of the earth atmosphere," 2014 international Conference on Advanced Technologies for Communication (ATC 2014), 214-219, 978-1-4799-6956-2/14/$31.00c214 IEEE, 2014.

10. An, D. K., et al. "Some theoretical aspects of the refractive indexes and the velocities of the electromagnetic radiation in the propagating medium based on classic and quantum mechanics approaches,", the Report Part of the VT/CB - 03/13-15 project (unpublished results).

11. Karmakar, P. K., L. Sengupta, M. Maiti, and C. F. Angelis, "Some of the atmospheric influences on microwave propagation through atmosphere," American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 350-358, ISSN:2153-649X, doi:10.5251/ajsir.2010.1.2.350.358.

12. Pavelyev, A. G., K. Zhang, C. S. Wang, Y. A. Liou, and Y. Kuleshov, "Analytical method for determining the location of ionospheric and atmospheric layers from radio occultation data," Radiophysic and Quantum Electronics, Vol. 55, No. 3, Aug. 2012.
doi:10.1007/s11141-012-9357-1

13. Pavelyev, A. G., Y. A. Liou, S. S. Matyugov, A. A. Pavelyev, V. N. Gubenko, K. Zhang, and Y. Kuleshov, "Application of the locality principle to radio occultation studies of the Earth’s atmosphere and ionospher," Atmos. Meas. Tech., Vol. 8, 2885-2899, 2015.
doi:10.5194/amt-8-2885-2015

14. Gavrilov, N. M., N. V. Karpova, Ch. Jacobi, and A. N. Gavrilov, "Morphology of atmospheric refraction index variations at different altitudes from GPS/MET satellite observation," Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Vol. 66, 427-435, 2004.
doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2004.01.031

15. Ponomarenko, P. V., J.-P. St-Maurice, C. L. Waters, R. G. Gillies, and A. V. Koustov, "Refractive index effects on the scatter volume location and Doppler velocity estimates of ionospheric HF backscatter echoes," Ann. Geophys., Vol. 27, 4207-4219, 2009.
doi:10.5194/angeo-27-4207-2009

16. Nickolaenko, A. P., Y. P. Galuk, and M. Hayakawa, "Vertical profile of atmospheric conductivity that matches Schumann resonance observations," Springerplus, 2016. Vol. 5, 108, Published online, Feb. 1, 2016, doi: 10.1186/s40064-016-1742-3.

17. Smith, Jr., E. K. and S. Weintrau, "The Constants in the equation for atmospheric refractive index at radio frequencies," Journal of Research of the Notional Bureau of Standards, Vol. 50, No. 1, Research Paper 2385, 39-41, Jan. 1953.

18. www.tf.uni-kiel.de/matwis/amat/...en/.../r3-7-2.html//3.7.2 the complex index of refraction.

19. http://www.mathpages.com/home/kmath210/kmath210.htm/Phase, Group, and Signal Velocit.

20. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/phase velocity.

21. ww.ferzkopp.net/Personal/Thesis/node7.html/Magneto-ionic Theory and the Appleton-Hartree Equation.

22. Appleton, E. V., "Wireless studies of the ionosphere," Proceeding of Instn. Elect. Engrs., Vol. 7, No. 21, 257-265, 10.1049/pws.1932.002.

23. Buchert; Introduction to Ionospheric Physics, IRF, Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Aug. 30, 2007; Mariehamn, Finnland. Kelley, M. C., The Earth's Ionosphere, Academic Press, 1989.

24. Aikio, A., Introduction to the Ionosphere, Jul. 18, 2011.

25. Hunsucker, R. D. and J. K. Hargreaves, The High-Latitude Ionosphere and Its Effects on Radio Propagation, Cambridge University Press, 2003.

26. Hoque, M. M. and N. Jakowski, Ionospheric Propagation Effects on GNSS Signals and New Correction Approaches, Chapter 16, DOI: 10.5772/30090.

27. Davies, K. and G. A. M. King, "On the validity of some approximations to the appleton-hartree formula," Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards-D. Radio.

28. Davies, K., (Ed.), Ionospheric Radio, Peter Peregrinus Ltd., 1990.
doi:10.1049/PBEW031E

29. Bassiri, S. and G. A. Hajj, "Higher-order ionospheric effects on the global positioning system observables and means of modeling them," Manuscripta Geodaetica, Vol. 18, No. 6, 280-289, 1993.

30. Risbeth and O. K. Garriot, Introduction to Ionospheric Physics, Academic Press, 1969.

31. Richmond, A. D., The Ionosphere and Upper Atmosphere, Vol. 50, 35-44, Special Publications.

32. Maus, H. S., Conductivity of the Ionosphere, CIRES, Jan. 19, 2006.

33. Available Data of Physical Properties of Standard Atmosphere in SI Units Table "The NIST reference on fundamental physical constants,", Physics.nist.gov. Retrieved, Nov. 8, 2011.

34. www.theory.physics.helsinki.fi/∼xfiles/.../7_Ionosphere.pdf.

35. Risbeth, H. and O. K. Garriot, Introduction to Ionospheric Physics, Academic Press, 1969.

36. Hunt, S. M., F. J. Rich, and G. P. Ginet, "Ionospheric science at the Reagan test site," N Lincoln Laboratory Journal, Vol. 19, No. 2, 89-101, 2012.

37. Veselago, G., "The electrodynamics of substances with simultaneously negative values of ε and μ," Sov. Phys. Usp., Vol. 10, No. 4, 509-514, 1968 (Russian text 1967).
doi:10.1070/PU1968v010n04ABEH003699

38. McCall, M. W., "A covariant theory of negative phase velocity propagation," Metamaterials, Vol. 2, Bibcode:2008MetaM...2...92M. doi:10.1016/j.metmat.2008.05.001, 2008.

39. Smith, D. R. and N. Kroll, "Negative refractive index in left-handed materials," Phys. Rev. Letter, Vol. 85, No. 14, Oct. 2, 2000.