volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

This paper presents a comprehensive method to analyze negative group delay (NGD) phenomenon at microwave frequency. This method is based on a coupling matrix with finite unloaded quality factor resonators. Unlike conventional NGD circuit topologies that use a lumped resistor R along with bandstop resonators, the proposed topology does not require any R for generating NGD and therefore, provides fully distributed circuit realization. The proposed topology has both source to load and inter-resonator coupling structures. Analytical design equations are provided to obtain predefined NGD with matched input/output ports; the proposed structure therefore does not require any extra matching networks. From analytical analysis, it is also found that the NGD bandwidth as well as magnitude flatness can be controlled by inter-resonator couplings. The proposed design theory is proven through fabrications of NGD circuit at a center frequency of 2.14 GHz. The measurement results are in good agreement with simulations and predicted theoretical results.

1. Hymel, C. H., M. H. Skolnick, R. A. Stubbers, and M. E. Brandt, "Temporally advanced signal detection: A review of technology and potential applications," IEEE Circuit and Systems Magazine, Vol. 11, No. 3, 10-25, Aug. 2011.
doi:10.1109/MCAS.2011.941076

2. Brillouin, L. and A. Sommerfeld, Wave Propagation and Group Velocity, 113-137, Academic Press Network, 1960.

3. Kandic, M. and G. E. Bridges, "Limits of negative group delay phenomenon in linear causal media," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 134, 227-246, 2013.
doi:10.2528/PIER12082915

4. Lucyszyn, S., I. D. Robertson, and A. H. Aghvami, "Negative group delay synthesizer," Electronics Letters, Vol. 29, No. 9, 798-800, Apr. 1993.
doi:10.1049/el:19930533

5. Lucyszyn, S. and I. D. Robertson, "Analog reflection topology building blocks for adaptive microwave signal processing applications," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol. 43, No. 3, 601-611, Mar. 1995.
doi:10.1109/22.372106

6. Ravelo, B., A. Perennec, M. L. Roy, and Y. G. Boucher, "Active microwave circuit with negative group delay," IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Letters, Vol. 17, No. 12, 861-863, Dec. 2007.
doi:10.1109/LMWC.2007.910489

7. Broomfield, C. D. and J. K. A. Everard, "Broadband negative group delay networks for compensation of microwave oscillators and filters," Electronics Letters, Vol. 9, No. 23, 1931-1932, Nov. 2000.

8. Choi, H., K. Song, C. D. Kim, and Y. Jeong, "Synthesis of negative group delay time circuit," Proceedings of Asia Pacific Microwave Conference, 1-4, 2008.

9. Kandic, M. and G. E. Bridges, "Bilateral Gain-compensated negative group delay circuit," IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Letters, Vol. 21, No. 6, 308-310, Jun. 2011.
doi:10.1109/LMWC.2011.2132696

10. Kandic, M. and G. E. Bridges, "Asymptotic limit of negative group delay in active resonator-based distributed circuits," IEEE Trans. Circuit System-I, Vol. 58, No. 8, 1727-1735, Aug. 2011.
doi:10.1109/TCSI.2011.2107251

11. Noto, H., K. Yamauchi, M. Nakayama, and Y. Isota, "Negative group delay circuit for feed-forward amplifier," Proc. of IEEE Inter. Microw. Symp. Dig., 1103-1106, Jun. 2007.

12. Choi, H., Y. Jeong, C. D. Kim, and J. S. Kenney, "Efficiency enhancement of feedforward amplifiers by employing a negative group delay circuit," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol. 58, No. 5, 1116-1125, May 2010.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2010.2045576

13. Choi, H., Y. Jeong, C. D. Kim, and J. S. Kenney, "Bandwidth enhancement of an analog feedback amplifier by employing a negative group delay circuit," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 105, 253-272, 2010.
doi:10.2528/PIER10041808

14. Ravelo, B., M. L. Roy, and A. Perennec, "Application of negative group delay active circuits to the design of broadband and constant phase shifters," Microw. Optical Tech. Letters, Vol. 50, No. 12, 3078-3080, Dec. 2008.
doi:10.1002/mop.23883

15. Mirzaei, H. and G. V. Eleftheriades, "Realizing non-Foster reactive elements using negative group delay networks," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol. 61, No. 12, 4322-4332, Dec. 2013.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2013.2281967

16. Mirzaei, H. and G. V. Eleftheriades, "Arbitrary-angle squint free beamforming in series-fed antenna arrays using non-Foster elements synthesized by negative group delay networks," IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 63, No. 5, 1997-2010, May 2015.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2015.2408364

17. Jeong, Y., H. Choi, and C. D. Kim, "Experimental verification for time advancement of negative group delay in RF electronics circuits," Electronics Letters, Vol. 46, No. 4, 306-307, Feb. 2010.
doi:10.1049/el.2010.3147

18. Choi, H., Y. Kim, Y. Jeong, and C. D. Kim, "Synthesis of reflection type negative group delay circuit using transmission line resonator," Proceeding of 39th European Microw. Conf., 902-605, Sep. 2009.

19. Choi, H., G. Chaudhary, T. Moon, Y. Jeong, J. Lim, and C. D. Kim, "A design of composite negative group delay circuit with lower signal attenuation for performance improvement of power amplifier linearization techniques," IEEE Inter. Microw. Symp. Dig., 1-4, Jun. 2011.

20. Chaudhary, G. and Y. Jeong, "Distributed transmission line negative group delay circuit with improved signal attenuation," IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Letters, Vol. 24, No. 1, 20-22, Jan. 2014.
doi:10.1109/LMWC.2013.2287246

21. Chaudhary, G. and Y. Jeong, "Transmission line negative group delay networks with improved signal attenuation," IEEE Antenna and Wireless Propag. Letters, Vol. 13, 1039-1042, 2014.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2014.2327098

22. Chaudhary, G. and Y. Jeong, "Low signal attenuation negative group delay network topologies using coupled lines," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol. 62, No. 10, 2316-2324, Oct. 2014.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2014.2345352

23. Chaudhary, G. and Y. Jeong, "A design of compact wideband negative group delay network using cross coupling," Microw. Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 56, No. 11, 2612-2616, Nov. 2014.

24. Chaudhary, G., Y. Jeong, and J. Lim, "Microstrip line negative group delay filters for microwave circuits," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol. 62, No. 2, 234-243, Feb. 2014.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2013.2295555

25. Michael, C. T. and T. Itoh, "Maximally flat negative group delay circuit: A microwave transversal filter approach," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol. 62, No. 6, 1330-1342, Jun. 2014.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2014.2320220

26. Naglich, E. J., J. Lee, D. Peroulis, and W. J. Chappell, "Switchless tunable bandstop to all-pass reconfigurable filter," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol. 60, No. 5, 1258-1265, May 2012.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2012.2188723

27. Lee, J., E. J. Naglich, H. H. Sigmarsson, D. Peroulis, and W. J. Chappell, "New bandstop filter circuit topology and its application to design of a bandstop to bandpass switchable filter," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol. 61, No. 3, 1114-1123, Mar. 2013.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2012.2237036

28. Hong, J. S. and M. J. Lancaster, Microwave Filters for RF/Microwave Applications, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2001.
doi:10.1002/0471221619

Dr. Girdhari Chaudhary

Prof. Yongchae Jeong