1. Jackson, J. D., Classical Electrodynamics, Wiley, 1975.

2. Khoo, I. C., "Nonlinear optics of liquid crystalline materials," Physics Report, Vol. 471, 221-267, 2009.

3. Khoo, I. C., Liquid Crystals, 2nd Ed., Wiley, 2007.

4. Christodoulides, D. N., I. C. Khoo, G. J. Salamo, G. I. Stegeman, and E. W. van Stryland, "Nonlinear refraction and absorption: Mechanisms and magnitudes," Adv. Opt. Photon., Vol. 2, 60-200, 2010.

5. Khoo, I. C., "Nonlinear optics, active plasmonic and tunable metamaterials with liquid crystals," Progress in Quantum Electronics, Vol. 38, No. 2, 77-117, 2014.

6. Khoo, I. C. and S. Zhao, "Multiple time scales optical nonlinearities of liquid crystals for optical-terahertz-microwave applications," Progress In Electromagnetic Research, Vol. 147, 37-56, 2014.

7. He, G. S., L.-S. Tan, Q. Zheng, and P. N. Prasad, "Multi-photon absorbing materials: Molecular designs, syntheses, characterizations, and applications," Chemical Reviews, Vol. 108, No. 4, 1245-1330, 2008.

8. Khoo, I. C., S. Webster, S. Kubo, W. J. Youngblood, J. Liou, A. Diaz, T. E. Mallouk, P. Lin, D. Peceli, L. A. Padilha, D. J. Hagan, and E. W. van Stryland, "Synthesis and characterization of the multi-photon absorption and excited-state properties of 4-propyl 4'-butyl diphenyl acetylene," J. Mater. Chem., Vol. 19, 7525-7531, 2009.

9. Khoo, I. C. and A. Diaz, "Multiple-time-scales dynamical studies of nonlinear transmission of pulsed lasers in a multi-photon absorbing organic material," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, Vol. 28, 1702-1710, 2011.

10. Khoo, I. C., A. Diaz, and J. Ding, "Nonlinear-absorbing fiber array for large dynamic range optical limiting application against intense short laser pulses," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, Vol. 21, 1234-1240, 2004.

11. Khoo, I. C., "Nonlinear organic liquid cored fiber array for all-optical switching and sensor protection against short pulsed lasers," IEEE J. Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics JSTQE, Vol. 14, No. 3, 946-951, 2008.

12. Song, L., S. Fu, Y. Liu, J. Zhou, V. G. Chigrinov, and I. C. Khoo, "Direct femtosecond pulse compression with miniature-sized Bragg cholesteric liquid crystal," Optics Letts., Vol. 38, 5040-5042, 2013.

13. Khoo, I. C. and R. Normandin, "The mechanism and dynamics of transient thermal grating diffraction in nematic liquid crystal films," IEEE J. Quant. Electronics, Vol. 21, 329-335, 1985.

14. Eichler, H. J. and R. Macdonald, "Flow-alignment and inertial effects in picosecond laser-induced reorientation phenomena of nematic liquid crystals," Phys. Rev. Letts., 2666-2669, 1991.

15. Khoo, I. C., R. G. Lindquist, R. R. Michael, R. J. Mansfield, and P. Lopresti, "Dynamics of picosecond laser induced density, temperature and flow-reorientation effects in the mesophases of liquid crystals," J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 69, 3853-3859, 1991.

16. Khoo, I. C., "Laser induced thermal, orientational and density nonlinear optical effects in nematic liquid crystal," Phys. Rev. A, Vol. 42, 1001-1004, Jul. 1990.

17. Simoni, F. and O. Francescangeli, "Effects of light on molecular orientation of liquid crystals," J. Phys.-Cond. Mat., Vol. 11, R439-R487, 1999.

18. Blinov, L. M., "Photoinduced molecular reorientation in polymers, Langmuir-Blodgett films and liquid crystals," JNOPM, Vol. 5, 165-187, 1996.

19. Li, H., Y. Liang, and I. C. Khoo, "Transient laser induced orthogonal director axis reorientation in dye-doped liquid crystal," Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., Vol. 251, 85-92, 1994.

20. Khoo, I. C., "Re-examination of the theory and experimental results of optically induced molecular reorientation and nonlinear diffractions in nematic liquid crystals: Spatial frequency and temperature dependence," Phys. Rev. A, Vol. 27, 2747-2750, 1983.

21. Tabiryan, N. V., A. V. Sukhov, and B. Y. Zeldovich, "Orientatioanl optical nonlinearity of liquid crystals," Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., Vol. 136, 1-139, 1986.

22. Khoo, I. C., "Optical-dc-field induced space charge fields and photorefractive-like holographic grating formation in Nematic liquid crystals," Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., Vol. 282, 53-66, 1996.

23. Yu, H. F. and T. Ikeda, "Photocontrollable liquid-crystalline actuators," Adv. Mat., Vol. 23, 2149-2180, 2011.

24. Ptasinski, J., S. W. Kim, L. Pang, I.-C. Khoo, and Y. Fainman, "Optical tuning of silicon photonic structures with nematic liquid crystal claddings," Optics Letts., Vol. 38, No. 12, 2008-2010, 2013.

25. Liu, Y. J., Q. Hao, J. S. T. Smalley, J. Liou, I. C. Khoo, and T. J. Huang, "A frequency-addressed plasmonic switch based on dual-frequency liquid crystal," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 97, No. 9, article #: 091101, 2010.

26. Xiao, S., U. K. Chettiar, A. V. Kildishev, V. Drachev, I. C. Khoo, and V. M. Shalaev, "Tunable magnetic response of metamaterials," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 95, No. 3, Article Number: 033115, 2009.

27. Graugnard, E., J. S. King, S. Jain, C. J. Summers, Y. Zhang-Williams, and I. C. Khoo, "Electric field tuning of the Bragg peak in large-pore TiO₂ inverse shell opals," Phys. Rev. B, Vol. 72, 233105, 2005.

28. Minovich, A., J. Farnell, D. N. Neshev, I. McKerracher, F. Karouta, J. Tian, D. A. Powell, I. V. Shadrivov, H. H. Tan, C. Jagadish, and Y. S. Kivshar, "Liquid crystal based nonlinear fishnet metamaterials," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 100, Article Number: 121113, 2012.

29. Khoo, I. C., J. H. Park, and J. D. Liou, "Theory and experimental studies of all-optical transmission switching in a twist-alignment Dye-doped nematic liquid crystal," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, Vol. 25, 1931-1937, 2008.

30. Khoo, I. C., J. Liou, and M. V. Stinger, "Microseconds-nanoseconds all-optical switching of visible-near infrared (0.5 μm-1.55 μm) lasers with Dye-doped nematic liquid crystals," Mole. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., Vol. 527, 109-118, 2010.

31. Khoo, I. C., J. Liou, M. V. Stinger, and S. Zhao, "Ultrafast all-optical switching with transparent and absorptive nematic liquid crystals-implications in tunable metamaterials," Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., Vol. 543, 151-159, 2011.

32. Khoo, I. C., "Extreme nonlinear optics of nematic liquid crystals," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, Vol. 28, A45-A55, 2011, Invited paper in Focus Issue dedicated to 50th Anniversary of Nonlinear Optics.

33. Coles, H. J. and M. N. Pivnenko, "Liquid crystal `blue phases' with a wide temperature range," Nature, Vol. 436, 997-1000, 2005.

34. Tiribocchi, A., G. Gonnella, D. Marenduzzo, and E. Orlandini, "Switching dynamics in cholesteric blue phases," Soft Matter, Vol. 7, 3295-3306, 2011.

35. Chen, C. W., H. C. Jau, C. H. Lee, C. C. Li, C. T. Hou, C. W. Wu, T. H. Lin, and I. C. Khoo, "Temperature dependence of refractive index in blue phase liquid crystals," Optical Materials Express, Vol. 3, No. 5, 527-532, 2013.

36. Khoo, I. C. and T. H. Lin, "Nonlinear optical grating diffraction in dye-doped blue-phase liquid crystals," Optics Letts., Vol. 37, 3225-3227, 2012.

37. Lin, T.-H., Y. Li, C.-T. Wang, H.-C. Jau, C.-W. Chen, C.-C. Li, H. K. Bisoyi, T. J. Bunning, and Q. Li, "Red, green and blue reflections enabled in an optically tunable self-organized 3D cubic nanostructured thin film," Advanced Materials, Vol. 25, No. 36, 5050-4, 2013.

38. Chen, C.-W., H.-C. Jau, C.-T. Wang, C.-H. Lee, I. C. Khoo, and T.-H. Lin, "Random lasing in blue phase liquid crystals," Optics Express, Vol. 20, No. 21, 23978-23984, 2012.

39. Khoo, I. C., K. L. Hong, S. Zhao, D. Ma, and T.-H. Lin, "Blue-phase liquid crystal cored optical fiber array with photonic bandgaps and nonlinear transmission properties," Optics Express, Vol. 21, No. 4, 4319-4327, 2013.

40. Ptasinski, J., I.-C. Khoo, and Y. Fainman, "Enhanced optical tuning of modified-geometry resonators clad in blue phase liquid crystals," Optics Letts., Vol. 39, 5435-5438, 2014.

41. Khoo, I. C., "Dc-field assisted grating formation and nonlinear diffraction in Methyl-red Dye-doped blue-phase liquid crystals," Optics Letts., Vol. 40, 60-63, 2015.

42. Ptasinski, J., I.-C. Khoo, and Y. Fainman, "Enhanced optical tuning of modified-geometry resonators clad in blue phase liquid crystals," Optics Letts., Vol. 39, 5435-5438, 2014.

43. Khoo, I. C., C. W. Chen, K. L. Hong, T. H. Lin, and S. Zhao, "Nonlinear optics of nematic and blue phase liquid crystals," Molecular Crystals Liquid Crystals, Vol. 594, No. 1, 31-41, 2014.

44. Chen, C.-W., T.-H. Lin, and I. C. Khoo, "Dynamical studies of the mechanisms for optical nonlinearities of methyl-red Dye doped blue phase liquid crystals," Optics Express, Vol. 23, 21650-21656, 2015.

45. Khoo, I. C., P. Y. Yan, T. H. Liu, S. Shepard, and J. Y. Hou, "Theory and experiment on optical transverse intensity bistability in the transmission through nonlinear thin (nematic liquid crystal) film," Phys. Rev. A, Vol. 29, 2756-2764, 1984.

46. Khoo, I. C., J. Y. Hou, T. H. Liu, P. Y. Yan, R. R. Michael, and G. M. Finn, "Transverse self-phase modulation and bistability in the transmission of a laser beam through a nonlinear thin film," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, Vol. 4, 886-891, 1987.

47. Bloisi, F., L. Vicari, F. Simoni, G. Cipparrone, and C. Umeton, "Self-phase modulation in nematic liquid crystls films - Detailed measurements and theoretical calculations," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, Vol. 5, 2462-2466, 1988.

48. Khoo, I. C., P. Y. Yan, and T. H. Liu, "Nonlocal radial dependence of laser-induced molecular reorientation in a nematic liquid crystal film - Theory and experiment," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, Vol. 4, 115-120, 1987.

49. Wu, J. J., S. H. Chen, J. Y. Fan, and G. S. Ong, "Propagation of a Gaussian-profile laser beam in nematic liquid crystals and the structure of its nonlinear diffraction rings," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, Vol. 7, 1147-1157, 1990.

50. Peccianti, M. and G. Assanto, "Nematicons," Phys. Report, Vol. 516, 147-208, 2012.

51. Khoo, I. C., G. Finn, R. R. Michael, and T. H. Liu, "Passive optical self-limiter using laser induced axially symmetric and asymmetric transverse self-phase modulations in a liquid crystal film," Optics Letts., Vol. 11, 227-229, 1986.

52. Justus, B. L., A. L. Huston, and A. J. Campillo, "Broad-band thermal optical limiter," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 63, 1483-1485, 1993.

53. Khoo, I. C. and H. Li, "Nonlinear optical propagation and self-limiting effect in liquid crystalline fiber," Appl. Phys. B, Vol. 59, 573-580, 1994.

54. Hernandez, F. E., S. S. Yang, V. Dubikovskty, W. Shensky, E. W. van Stryland, and D. J. Hagan, "Dual focal plane visible optical limiter," JNOPM, Vol. 9, 423-440, 2000.