volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

This work demonstrates an all-optical slow light Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) structure based on photonic crystals (PCs). The structure shows good ability of divide time domain signal into repetition time slots signal by four tunable group velocity waveguides from 0.006*c to 0.248*c where c is the velocity of light in the vacuum at the center wavelength of 1550 nm and over a bandwidth 4.52 THz with group velocity dispersion below 10 ² ps²/km. New high efficiency Y-type directional coupling output can get larger than ~1.4 times intensity and ~93% loss improvement which are comparable to conventional output device. The proposed PCs waveguide structure is leading the way to achieve the TDM application and has good capability to extend the application of the optical communication and optical fiber sensors systems.

1. Yablnovitch, E., "Inhibited spontaneous emission in solid-state physics and electronics," Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 58, 2059-2062, 1987.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.58.2059

2. John, S., "Strong localization of photons in certain disordered dielectric superlattices," Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 58, 2486-2489, 1987.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.58.2486

3. Yariv, A., Y. Xu, R. K. Lee, and A. scherer, "Coupled-resonator optical waveguide: A proposal and analysis," Opt. Lett., Vol. 24, No. 11, 711-713, 1999.
doi:10.1364/OL.24.000711

4. Olivier, S., C. Smith, M. Rattier, H. Benisty, C. Weisbuch, T. Krauss, R. Houdre, and U. Oesterle, "Miniband transmission in a photonic crystal coupled-resonator optical waveguide," Opt. Lett., Vol. 26, No. 13, 1019-1021, 2001.
doi:10.1364/OL.26.001019

5. Kim, W. J., W. Kuang, and J. D. O'Brien, "Dispersion characteristics of photonic crystal coupled resonator optical waveguides," Opt. Lett., Vol. 11, No. 25, 3431-3437, 2003.

6. Martinez, A., A. Garcia, P. Sanchis, and J. Marti, "Group velocity and dispersion model of coupled-cavity waveguides in photonic crystals," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, Vol. 20, 147-150, 2003.
doi:10.1364/JOSAA.20.000147

7. Notomi, M., K. Yamada, A. Shinya, J. Takahashi, C. Takahashi, and I. Yokohama, "Extremely large group-velocity dispersion of line-defect waveguides in photonic crystal slabs," Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 87, 253902-1-253902-4, 2001.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.253902

8. Dakin, J. P., "Multiplexed and distributed optical fiber sensors," Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing Handbook, IFS, UK, 1990.

9. Kersey, A. D., "Multiplexed fiber optic sensors," Proc. SPIE, Distributed and Multiplexed Fiber Optic Sensors II, Vol. 1797, 161-185, 1993.
doi:10.1117/12.141286

10. Kuo, C. W., C. F. Chang, M. H. Chen, S. Y. Chen, and Y. D. Wu, "A new approach of planar multi-channel wavelength division multiplexing system using asymmetric super-cell photonic crystal structures," Opt. Express, Vol. 15, No. 1, 198-206, 2007.
doi:10.1364/OE.15.000198

11. Huang, S. C., W. W. Lin, M. H. Chen, S. C. Huang, and H. L. Chao, "Crosstalk analysis and system design of time-division multiplexering of polarization-insensitive fiber optic Michelson interferometric sensors," Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 14, No. 6, 1488-1500, 1996.
doi:10.1109/50.511678

12. Brooks, J. L., B. Boslehi, B. Y. Kim, and H. J. Shaw, "Time-domain addressing of remote fiber-optic interferometric sensor arrays," Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 5, No. 7, 1014-1023, 1987.
doi:10.1109/JLT.1987.1075580

13. Kersey, A. D., A. Dandridge, and A. B. Tveten, "Time-division multiplexing of interferometric fiber sensors using passive phase-generate carrier interrogation," Opt. Lett., Vol. 12, No. 10, 775-777, 1987.
doi:10.1364/OL.12.000775

14. Agrawal, G. P., Fiber-optic Communication System, Wiey-Interscience, 1997.

15. Milonni, P. W., Fast Light Slow Light and Left-handed Light, MPG, 2005.

16. Frandsen, L. H., A. V. Lavrinrnko, J. Fage-Pedersen, and P. I. Borel, "Photonic crystal waveguide with semi-slow light and tailored dispersion properties," Opt. Express, Vol. 14, No. 20, 9444-9450, 2006.
doi:10.1364/OE.14.009444

17. Mori, D. and T. Baba, "Wideband and low dispersion slow light by chirped photonic crystal coupled waveguide ," Opt. Express, Vol. 13, No. 23, 9398-9408, 2005.
doi:10.1364/OPEX.13.009398

18. Vlasov, Y. A. and S. J. McNab, "Coupling into slow light mode in slab-type photonic crystal waveguides," Opt. Lett., Vol. 31, No. 1, 50-52, 2006.
doi:10.1364/OL.31.000050

19. Dulkeith, E., F. Xia, L. Schares, W. M. J. Green, and Y. A. Vlasov, "Group index and group velocity dispersion in silicon-on-insulator photonic wires," Opt. Express, Vol. 14, No. 9, 3853-3863, 2006.
doi:10.1364/OE.14.003853

20. Sukhorukov, A. A., C. J. Handmer, C. Martjin Sterke, and M. J. Steel, "Slow light with flat or offset band-edges in few mode fiber with two gratings," Opt. Express, Vol. 15, No. 26, 17954-17959, 2007.
doi:10.1364/OE.15.017954

21. Drouard, E., H. T. Hattori, C. Grillet, A. Kazmierczak, X. Letartre, P. Rojo-Romeo, and P. Viktorovitch, "Directional channel-drop fiter based on a slow Bloch mode photonic crystal waveguide section," Opt. Express, Vol. 13, No. 8, 3037-3048, 2005.
doi:10.1364/OPEX.13.003037

22. Hattori, H. T., X. Letartre, C. Seassal, P. Rojo-Romeo, J. L. Leclercq, and P. Viktorovitch, "Analysis of hybrid photonic crystal vertical cavity surface emitting lasers," Opt. Express, Vol. 11, No. 15, 1799-1808, 2003.
doi:10.1364/OE.11.001799

23. Hattori, H. T., I. McKerracher, H. H. Tan, C. Jagadish, and R. M. de la Rue, "In-plane coupling of light from InP-based photonic crystal band-edge lasers into single-mode waveguides," IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, Vol. 43, No. 4, 279-286, 2007.
doi:10.1109/JQE.2006.890402

24. Rawal, S., R. K. Sinha, and R. M. de la Rue, "Silicon-on-insulator photonic crystal miniature devices with slow light enhanced thirf-order nonlinearities," J. Nanophoton., Vol. 6, 063504, 2012.
doi:10.1117/1.JNP.6.063504

25. Canciamilla, A., M. Torregiani, C. Ferrari, F. Morichetti, R. M. de la Rue, A. Samarelli, M. Sorel, and A. Melloni, "Silicon coupled-ring resonator structures for slow light applications: Potential, impairments and ultimate limits," J. of Optics, Vol. 12, 104008, 2010.
doi:10.1088/2040-8978/12/10/104008

26. Rawal, S., R. K. Sinha, and R. M. de la Rue, "Slow light propagation in liquid-crystal infiltrated silicon-on-insulator photonic crystal channel waveguides," Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 28, No. 17, 2560-2571, 2010.
doi:10.1109/JLT.2010.2053915

Prof. Yaw-Dong Wu