volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

In this paper, the electromagnetic scattering from two scatterers is analyzed from a rigorous integral formulation solved by the method of moments (MoM). G. Kubicke has recently developed the E-PILE (Extended Propagation-Inside-Layer Expansion) method to calculate the scattering from an object above a rough surface for a two-dimensional problem. This method allows us to calculate separately and exactly the interactions between the object and the rough surface. The purpose of this paper is to extend the E-PILE method to a three-dimensional problem. Such a 3-D problem involves a large number of unknowns and can not be solved easily with a conventional method of moments by using a direct LU inversion. Thus to solve this issue, the E-PILE method is combined with the physical optics (PO) approximation to calculate the local interactions on both the object and the rough surface. By using this hybrid method, the requirements of memory and CPU time can be reduced significantly.

1. Guo, L.-X., A.-Q. Wang, and J. Ma, "Study on EM scattering from 2-D target above 1-D large scale rough surface with low grazing incidence by parallel MoM based on PC clusters," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 89, No. 5, 149-166, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIER08121002

2. Liu, P. and Y. Q. Jin, "The finite-element method with domain decomposition from electromagnetic bistatic scattering from the comprehensive model of a ship on and a target above a large scale rough sea surface," IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 42, No. 5, 950-956, 2004.
doi:10.1109/TGRS.2004.825583

3. Ye, , H. and Y.-Q. Jin, "A hybrid analytical-numerical algorithm of scattering from an object above a rough surface," IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 45, No. 5, 1174-1180, 2007.
doi:10.1109/TGRS.2007.892609

4. Dechamps, N., N. De Beaucoudrey, C. Bourlier, and S. Toutain, "Fast numerical method for electromagnetic scattering by rough layered interfaces: Propagation-inside-layer expansion method," Journal of the Optical Society of America A, Vol. 23, 359-369, 2006.
doi:10.1364/JOSAA.23.000359

5. Kubicke, G., C. Bourlier, and J. Saillard, "Scattering by an object above a randomly rough surface from a fast numerical method: Extended PILE method combined with FB-SA," Waves in Random and Complex Media, Vol. 18, No. 3, 495-519, 2008.
doi:10.1080/17455030802087057

6. Pino, M. R., F. Obelleiro, L. Landesa, and R. Burkholder, "Application of the fast mutipole method to the generalized forward-backward iterative algorithm," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 26, No. 2, 78-83, 2000.
doi:10.1002/1098-2760(20000720)26:2<78::AID-MOP4>3.0.CO;2-K

7. Kubicke, G. and C. Bourlier, "A fast hybrid method for scattering from a large object with dihedral effects above a large rough surface," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Wave Propagation, Vol. 59, No. 1, 189-198, 2011.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2010.2090470

8. Pino, M. R., L. Landesa, J. L. Rodriguez, F. Obelleiro, and R. Burkholder, "The generalized forward-backward method for analyzing the scattering from targets on ocean-like rough surfaces," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Wave Propagation, Vol. 47, No. 5, 961-969, 1999.
doi:10.1109/8.777118

9. Ye, H. and Y.-Q. Jin, "Fast iterative approach to difference electromagnetic scattering from the target above a rough surface," IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 44, 108-115, 2006.

10. Ye, H. and Y.-Q. Jin, "FA hybrid KA-MoM algorithm for computation of scattering from a 3-D PEC target above a dielectric rough surface," Radio Science, Vol. 43, RS3005, 2008.

11. Guan, B., J. Zhang, X. Zhou, and T. Cui, "Electromagnetic scattering from objects above a rough surface using the method of moments with half-space green's function," IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 47, No. 10, 3399-3405, 2009.
doi:10.1109/TGRS.2009.2022169

12. Johnson, J. T., "A Numerical study of scattering from an object above a rough surface," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Wave Propagation, Vol. 50, No. 10, 1361-1367, 2002.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2002.802152

13. Johnson, J. T. and R. J. Burkholder, "Coupled canonical grid/discrete dipole approach for computing scattering from objects above or below a rough interface," IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 39, No. 6, 1214-1220, 2001.
doi:10.1109/36.927443

14. Johnson, J. T., "A study of the four-path model for scattering from an object above a half space," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 30, No. 6, 130-134, 2001.
doi:10.1002/mop.1242

15. Guo, L.-X., J. Li, and H. Zeng, "Bistatic scattering from a three-dimensional object above a two-dimensional randomly rough surface modeled with the parallel FDTD approach," Journal of the Optical Society of America A, Vol. 26, No. 11, 2383-2391, 2009.
doi:10.1364/JOSAA.26.002383

16. Kuang, L. and Y.-Q. Jin, "Bistatic scattering from a three-dimensional object over a randomly rough surface using the FDTD algorithm," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Wave Propagation, Vol. 55, No. 8, 2302-2312, 2007.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2007.901846

17. Kouali, M., G. Kubicke, and C. Bourlier, "Extended propagation-inside-layer expansion method combined with the forward-backward method to study the scattering from an object above a rough surface," Optics Letters, Vol. 37, No. 14, 2985-2987, 2012.
doi:10.1364/OL.37.002985

18. Thorsos, E., "The validity of the Kirchhoff approximation for rough surface scattering using a Gaussian roughness spectrum," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 83, 87-92, 1988.

19. Bourlier, C., G. Berginc, and J. Saillard, "Monostatic and bistatic shadowing functions from a one-dimensional stationary randomly rough surface according to the observation length: I. Single scattering," Waves in Random and Complex Media, Vol. 12, No. 2, 145-174, 2002.
doi:10.1088/0959-7174/12/2/301

20. Obelleiro-Basteiro, F., J. Rodriguez, and R. Burkholder, "An iterative physical optics approach for analyzing the electromagnetic scattering by large open-ended cavities," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Wave Propagation, Vol. 43, No. 4, 356-361, 1995.
doi:10.1109/8.376032

Dr. Mohammad Kouali

Dr. Gildas Kubicke

Prof. Christophe Bourlier