Vol. 126
Latest Volume
All Volumes
PIER 180 [2024] PIER 179 [2024] PIER 178 [2023] PIER 177 [2023] PIER 176 [2023] PIER 175 [2022] PIER 174 [2022] PIER 173 [2022] PIER 172 [2021] PIER 171 [2021] PIER 170 [2021] PIER 169 [2020] PIER 168 [2020] PIER 167 [2020] PIER 166 [2019] PIER 165 [2019] PIER 164 [2019] PIER 163 [2018] PIER 162 [2018] PIER 161 [2018] PIER 160 [2017] PIER 159 [2017] PIER 158 [2017] PIER 157 [2016] PIER 156 [2016] PIER 155 [2016] PIER 154 [2015] PIER 153 [2015] PIER 152 [2015] PIER 151 [2015] PIER 150 [2015] PIER 149 [2014] PIER 148 [2014] PIER 147 [2014] PIER 146 [2014] PIER 145 [2014] PIER 144 [2014] PIER 143 [2013] PIER 142 [2013] PIER 141 [2013] PIER 140 [2013] PIER 139 [2013] PIER 138 [2013] PIER 137 [2013] PIER 136 [2013] PIER 135 [2013] PIER 134 [2013] PIER 133 [2013] PIER 132 [2012] PIER 131 [2012] PIER 130 [2012] PIER 129 [2012] PIER 128 [2012] PIER 127 [2012] PIER 126 [2012] PIER 125 [2012] PIER 124 [2012] PIER 123 [2012] PIER 122 [2012] PIER 121 [2011] PIER 120 [2011] PIER 119 [2011] PIER 118 [2011] PIER 117 [2011] PIER 116 [2011] PIER 115 [2011] PIER 114 [2011] PIER 113 [2011] PIER 112 [2011] PIER 111 [2011] PIER 110 [2010] PIER 109 [2010] PIER 108 [2010] PIER 107 [2010] PIER 106 [2010] PIER 105 [2010] PIER 104 [2010] PIER 103 [2010] PIER 102 [2010] PIER 101 [2010] PIER 100 [2010] PIER 99 [2009] PIER 98 [2009] PIER 97 [2009] PIER 96 [2009] PIER 95 [2009] PIER 94 [2009] PIER 93 [2009] PIER 92 [2009] PIER 91 [2009] PIER 90 [2009] PIER 89 [2009] PIER 88 [2008] PIER 87 [2008] PIER 86 [2008] PIER 85 [2008] PIER 84 [2008] PIER 83 [2008] PIER 82 [2008] PIER 81 [2008] PIER 80 [2008] PIER 79 [2008] PIER 78 [2008] PIER 77 [2007] PIER 76 [2007] PIER 75 [2007] PIER 74 [2007] PIER 73 [2007] PIER 72 [2007] PIER 71 [2007] PIER 70 [2007] PIER 69 [2007] PIER 68 [2007] PIER 67 [2007] PIER 66 [2006] PIER 65 [2006] PIER 64 [2006] PIER 63 [2006] PIER 62 [2006] PIER 61 [2006] PIER 60 [2006] PIER 59 [2006] PIER 58 [2006] PIER 57 [2006] PIER 56 [2006] PIER 55 [2005] PIER 54 [2005] PIER 53 [2005] PIER 52 [2005] PIER 51 [2005] PIER 50 [2005] PIER 49 [2004] PIER 48 [2004] PIER 47 [2004] PIER 46 [2004] PIER 45 [2004] PIER 44 [2004] PIER 43 [2003] PIER 42 [2003] PIER 41 [2003] PIER 40 [2003] PIER 39 [2003] PIER 38 [2002] PIER 37 [2002] PIER 36 [2002] PIER 35 [2002] PIER 34 [2001] PIER 33 [2001] PIER 32 [2001] PIER 31 [2001] PIER 30 [2001] PIER 29 [2000] PIER 28 [2000] PIER 27 [2000] PIER 26 [2000] PIER 25 [2000] PIER 24 [1999] PIER 23 [1999] PIER 22 [1999] PIER 21 [1999] PIER 20 [1998] PIER 19 [1998] PIER 18 [1998] PIER 17 [1997] PIER 16 [1997] PIER 15 [1997] PIER 14 [1996] PIER 13 [1996] PIER 12 [1996] PIER 11 [1995] PIER 10 [1995] PIER 09 [1994] PIER 08 [1994] PIER 07 [1993] PIER 06 [1992] PIER 05 [1991] PIER 04 [1991] PIER 03 [1990] PIER 02 [1990] PIER 01 [1989]
2012-03-22
A Novel Dielectric Conformal FDTD Method for Computing SAR Distribution of the Human Body in a Metallic Cabin Illuminated by an Intentional Electromagnetic Pulse (Iemp)
By
Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 126, 355-373, 2012
Abstract
One novel dielectric conformal finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is proposed for computing specific absorption rate (SAR) distribution over the human body model in one metallic cabin with some windows on its wall. It is based on the concept of area average, which is different from other traditional conformal FDTD schemes. Our developed algorithm is verified by calculating both point and average SARs of dielectric sphere and human head models illuminated by an intentional electromagnetic pulse (IEMP), respectively, and CST Microwave Studio (MWS) also used for validating its accuracy. Numerical calculations are further performed to show the average SAR distribution over the human body model for different IEMP incidences, where the cabin door is opened or closed. The effects of E-field amplitude, direction and polarization of the incident IEMP on the SAR distributions are characterized in detail. We would like to say that this study will be useful for further electromagnetic protection for some persons working in high power radiation environment.
Citation
Ling-Yu Kong, Jian Wang, and Wen-Yan Yin, "A Novel Dielectric Conformal FDTD Method for Computing SAR Distribution of the Human Body in a Metallic Cabin Illuminated by an Intentional Electromagnetic Pulse (Iemp)," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 126, 355-373, 2012.
doi:10.2528/PIER11112702
References

1. Giri, D. V. and F. M. Tesche, "Classification of intentional electromagnetic environments (IEME)," IEEE Trans. on Electromagn. Compat., Vol. 46, No. 3, 322-328, Aug. 2004.
doi:10.1109/TEMC.2004.831819

2. Wang, J., W.-Y. Yin, J.-P. Fang, and Q.-F. Liu, "Transient responses of coaxial cables in an electrically large cabin with slots and windows illuminated by an electromagnetic pulse," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 106, 1-16, 2010.
doi:10.2528/PIER10060708

3. Lei, J.-Z., C.-H. Liang, and Y. Zhang, "Study on shielding effectiveness of metallic cavities with apertures by combing parallel FDTD method with windowing technique ," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 74, 85-112, 2007.
doi:10.2528/PIER07041905

4. Wang, Y. J., W. J. Koh, C. K. Lee, and K. Y. See, "Electromagnetic coupling analysis of transient signal through slots or apertures perforated in a shielding metallic enclosure using FDTD methodology,".

5. Kusuma, A. H., A.-F. Sheta, I. Elshafiey, Z. Siddiqui, M. A. S. Alkanhal, S. Aldosari, S. A. Alshebeili, and S. F. Mahmoud, "A new low SAR antenna structure for wireless handset applications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 112, 23-40, 2011.

6. Attardo, E. A., T. Isernia, and G. Vecchi, "Field synthesis in inhomogeneous media: Joint control of polarization, uniformity and SAR in MRI B1-field," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 118, 355-377, 2011.
doi:10.2528/PIER11051910

7. Khalatbari, S., D. Sardari, A. A. Mirzaee, and H. A. Sadafi, "Calculating SAR in two models of the human head exposed to mobile phones radiations at 900 and 1800 MHz," PIERS Online, Vol. 2, No. 1, 104-109, 2006.
doi:10.2529/PIERS050905190653

8. Zheng, H.-X., X.-Q. Sheng, and E. K.-N. Yung, "Computation of scattering from anisotropically coated bodies using conformal FDTD," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 35, 287-297, 2002.
doi:10.2528/PIER02030804

9. Kouveliotis, N. K. and C. N. Capsalis, "Prediction of the SAR level induced in a dielectric sphere by a thin wire dipole antenna," Progress In electromagnetic Research, Vol. 80, 321-336, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIER07112804

10. Simba, A. Y., T. Hikage, S. Watanabe, and T. Nojima, "Specific absorption rates of anatomically realistic human models exposed to RF electromagnetic fields from mobile phones used in elevators," IEEE Trans. on Microw. Theory and Tech., Vol. 57, No. 5, 1250-1259, May 2009.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2009.2017354

11. Zhang, M. and A. Alden, "Calculation of whole-body SAR from a 100MHz diploe antenna," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 119, 133-153, 2011.
doi:10.2528/PIER11052005

12. Ebrabimi-Ganjeh, M. A. and A. R. Attari, "Interaction of dual band helical and PIFA handset antennas with human head and hand ," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 77, 225-242, 2007.
doi:10.2528/PIER07081804

13. Hirata, A., K. Shirai, and O. Fujiwara, "On averaging mass of SAR correlating with temperature elevation due to a dipole antenna," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 84, 221-237, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIER08072704

14. Christopoulou, M., S. Koulouridis, and K. S. Nikita, "Parametric study of power absorption patterns induced in about and child head models by small helical antennas," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 94, 49-67, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIER09031305

15. Mohsin, S. A., "Concentration of the specific absorption rate around deep brain stimulation electrodes during MRI," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 121, 469-484, 2011.
doi:10.2528/PIER11022402

16. Gemio, J., J. Parron, and J. Soler, "Human body effects on implantable antennas for ISM bands applications: Models comparison and propagation losses study," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 110, 437-452, 2010.
doi:10.2528/PIER10102604

17. Iero, D., T. Isernia, A. F. Morabito, I. Catapano, and L. Crocco, "Optimal constrained field focusing for hyperthermia cancer therapy: A feasibility assessment on realistic phantoms ," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 102, 125-141, 2010.
doi:10.2528/PIER10011207

18. Vaccari, A., A. Cala' Lesina, L. Cristoforetti, and R. Pontalti, "Parallel implementation of a 3D subgridding FDTD algorithm for large simulations," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 120, 263-292, 2011.

19. Neufeld, E., N. Chavannes, T. Samaras, and N. Kuster, "Novel conformal technique to reduce staircasing artifacts at material boundaries for FDTD modeling of the bioheat equation ," Phys. Med. Biol., Vol. 52, 4371-4381, 2007.
doi:10.1088/0031-9155/52/15/001

20. Yu, W. and R. Mittra, "A conformal finite difference time domain technique for modeling curved dielectric surfaces," IEEE Microwave Wireless Comp. Lett., Vol. 11, No. 1, 25-27, Jan. 2001.
doi:10.1109/7260.905957

21. Yu, W., D. Arakaki, and R. Mittra, "On the solution of a class of large body problems with full or partial circular symmetry by using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method," IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propag., Vol. 48, No. 12, 1810-1817, Dec. 2000.
doi:10.1109/8.901269

22. Hu, X.-J. and D.-B. Ge, "Study on conformal FDTD for electromagnetic scattering by targets with thin coating," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 79, 305-319, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIER07101902

23. Zheng, H.-X., X.-Q. Sheng, and E. K.-N. Yung, "Computation of scattering from anisotropically coated bodies using conformal FDTD," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 35, 287-297, 2002.
doi:10.2528/PIER02030804

24. Wang, J., W.-Y. Yin, P.-G. Liu, and Q.-H. Liu, "High-order interface treatment techniques for modeling curved dielectric objects," IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propag., Vol. 58, No. 9, 2946-2953, Sep. 2010.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2010.2052562

25. Prather, W. D., C. E. Baum, R. J. Torres, F. Sabath, and D. Nitsch, "Survey of worldwide high-power wideband capabilities," IEEE Trans. on Electromagn. Compat., Vol. 46, No. 3, 335-344, Aug. 2004.
doi:10.1109/TEMC.2004.831826

26. IEEE C95.3 "IEEE recommended practice for measurements and computations of radio frequency," IEEE Recommended Practice for Measurements and Computations of Radio Frequency, IEEE, New York, 2002.

27. CENELEC, EN 50383 "Basic standard for the calculation and measurement of electromagnetic field strength and SAR related to human exposure from radio base stations and ¯xed terminal stations for wireless telecommunication systems (110 MHz{40 GHz),", 2002.

28. Koulouridis, S. and K. S. Nikita, "Study of the coupling between human head and cellular phone helical antennas," IEEE Trans. on Electromagn. Compat., Vol. 46, No. 1, 62-70, Feb. 2004.
doi:10.1109/TEMC.2004.823612

29. Jurgens, T. G., A. Taflove, K. R. Umashankar, and T. G. Moore, "Finite-difference time-domain modeling of curved surfaces," IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 40, No. 4, 357-366, Apr. 1992.
doi:10.1109/8.138836

30. Gandhi, O. P., B.-Q. Gao, and J.-Y. Chen, "A frequency-dependent finite-difference time-domain formulation for induced current calculations in human beings," Bio. Electro. Magnetics, Vol. 13, No. 6, 543-555, Mar. 1992.